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Articles 4141 - 4170 of 5196
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Two-Dimensional Packing In Prolate Granular Materials, Kevin Stokely, A. Diacou, Scott Franklin
Two-Dimensional Packing In Prolate Granular Materials, Kevin Stokely, A. Diacou, Scott Franklin
Articles
We investigate the two-dimensional packing of extremely prolate (aspect ratio L/D>10) granular materials, comparing experiments with Monte-Carlo simulations. In experimental piles of particles with aspect ratio 12 we find the average packing fraction to be 0.68 +/- 0.03. Both experimental and simulated piles contain a large number of horizontal particles, and particle alignment is quantified by an orientational order correlation function. In both simulation and experiment the correlation between particle orientation decays after a distance of two particle lengths. It is possible to identify voids in the pile with sizes ranging over two orders of magnitude. The experimental void …
Enron At The Margin, William H. Widen
Just Do It!: Title Ix As A Threat To University Autonomy, Richard A. Epstein
Just Do It!: Title Ix As A Threat To University Autonomy, Richard A. Epstein
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Persistence Of Ecological-Economic Systems: Alternate Measures And Their Properties, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal
The Persistence Of Ecological-Economic Systems: Alternate Measures And Their Properties, Amitrajeet A. Batabyal
Articles
A number of ecologists and some economists have commented on the significance of persistence as a stability concept for jointly determined ecological-economic systems. This notwithstanding, the economics and the regional science literatures have paid scant attention to the problem of computing an ecological-economic system’s persistence. As such, this paper has two objectives. First, we derive three measures of the persistence of a jointly determined ecological-economic system whose temporal behavior is governed by the presence of thresholds. Next, we compare and contrast these three measures. Finally, we discuss their theoretical properties and their practical uses.
High-Performance Architecture For Color Error Diffusion, Christopher R. Brown, Andreas Savakis
High-Performance Architecture For Color Error Diffusion, Christopher R. Brown, Andreas Savakis
Articles
Error diffusion is one of the most widely used algorithms for halftoning gray scale and color images. It works by distributing the thresholding error of each pixel to unprocessed neighboring pixels, while maintaining the average value of the image. Error diffusion results in inter-pixel data dependencies that prohibit a simplistic data pipelining processing approach and increase the memory requirements of the system. In this paper, we present a multiprocessing approach to overcome these difficulties, which results in a novel architecture for high performance hardware implementation of error diffusion algorithms. The proposed architecture is scalable, flexible, cost effective, and may be …
Landsat-7 Etm+ Radiometric Stability And Absolute Calibration, Brian L. Markham, John L. Barker, Julia A. Barsi, Ed Kaita, Kurtis J. Thome, Dennis L. Helder, Frank D. Palluconi, John R. Schott, Pat Scaramuzza
Landsat-7 Etm+ Radiometric Stability And Absolute Calibration, Brian L. Markham, John L. Barker, Julia A. Barsi, Ed Kaita, Kurtis J. Thome, Dennis L. Helder, Frank D. Palluconi, John R. Schott, Pat Scaramuzza
Articles
Launched in April 1999, the Landsat-7 ETM+ instrument is in its fourth year of operation. The quality of the acquired calibrated imagery continues to be high, especially with respect to its three most important radiometric performance parameters: reflective band instrument stability to better than ±1%, reflective band absolute calibration to better than ±5%, and thermal band absolute calibration to better than ± 0.6 K. The ETM+ instrument has been the most stable of any of the Landsat instruments, in both the reflective and thermal channels. To date, the best on-board calibration source for the reflective bands has been the Full …
On-Line Spatial Processing Systems, James Carswell, Michela Bertolotto
On-Line Spatial Processing Systems, James Carswell, Michela Bertolotto
Articles
On-line Spatial Processing (OLSP) delivers high performance spatial systems for the modelling and monitoring of dynamic environments. It provides an ideal solution for the management of networks, land and assets, and the real-time tracking of changing spatial systems. OLSP is server-centric, as opposed to the primarily desktop-centric world of GIS. It places spatial data at the heart of the organisation's IT systems and integrates it with business and attribute data. The result is more effective use of spatial data and improved decision support and spatial intelligence throughout the organisation.
Children's Understanding Of Television Advertising Intent, Margaret-Anne Lawlor, Andrea Prothero
Children's Understanding Of Television Advertising Intent, Margaret-Anne Lawlor, Andrea Prothero
Articles
Over the last three decades, a substantial body of research has accumulated seeking to address how exactly advertising, and in particular, telelvision advertising, influences children. Yet, given the diversity of methodologies used and the findings presented, it has been suggested that a common consensus on how exactly advertising affects children has not been reached. This paper presents a brief overview of the literature addressing chidlren's understanding of advertising with a view to identifying the contributions to date in this area and the accompanying gaps, omissions and under-resesearched perspectives. Findings are then presented from an exploratory study of eight and nine …
Partnerships And Facilitation: Mediators Develop New Skills For Complex Cases, Lela P. Love, Joseph B. Stulberg
Partnerships And Facilitation: Mediators Develop New Skills For Complex Cases, Lela P. Love, Joseph B. Stulberg
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Uneasy Case For Department Of Justice Control Of Federal Litigation, Neal Devins, Michael Herz
The Uneasy Case For Department Of Justice Control Of Federal Litigation, Neal Devins, Michael Herz
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Internet And The Persistence Of Law, Justin Hughes
The Internet And The Persistence Of Law, Justin Hughes
Articles
Since legal commentators first confronted cyberspace, three broad stories have emerged to describe the interrelation of law and the Internet: the "no-law Internet," the "Internet as a separate jurisdiction," and Internet law as "translation" of familiar legal concepts. This Article reviews these stories, focusing on how ongoing "translation" is giving way to a growing convergence in Internet law. The Article makes the case for convergence among legal responses to cyberspace and proposes a basic taxonomy for different models of convergence. With this taxonomy, the Article examines the ways in which convergence is occurring, as well as its effects on both …
Patenting Genome Research Tools And The Law., Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Patenting Genome Research Tools And The Law., Rebecca S. Eisenberg
Articles
Patenting genes encoding therapeutic proteins was relatively uncontroversial in the early days of biotechnology. Controversy arose in the era of high-throughput DNA sequencing, when gene patents started to look less like patents on drugs and more like patents on scientific information. Evolving scientific and business strategies for exploiting genomic information raised concerns that patents might slow subsequent research. The trend towards stricter enforcement of the utility and disclosure requirements by the patent offices should help clarify the current confusion.
An Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator For A Single Thermal Band Earth-Sensing Instrument, Julia Barsi, John Barker, John Schott
An Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator For A Single Thermal Band Earth-Sensing Instrument, Julia Barsi, John Barker, John Schott
Articles
An atmospheric correction tool has been developed for public web site access for the Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 thermal band. The Atmospheric Correction Parameter Calculator uses the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) modeled atmospheric global profiles for a particular date, time and location as input. Using commercially-available MODTRAN software and a suite of integration algorithms, the site-specific atmospheric transmission, and upwelling and downwelling radiances are derived. These calculated parameters can be applied to single band thermal imagery from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) or Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) to infer an at-surface kinetic temperature for all the pixels in …
Inter-Modality Non-Rigid Breast Image Registration Using Finite-Element Method, Andrzej Krol, Ioana Coman, James Mandel
Inter-Modality Non-Rigid Breast Image Registration Using Finite-Element Method, Andrzej Krol, Ioana Coman, James Mandel
Articles
We have investigated a new approach for co-registration of functional PET images with anatomical MR images for breast-cancer detection. This registration is required for multimodality PET-MRI breast image fusion, an approach that could prove useful as an alternative to surgical breast biopsy, following equivocal or difficult-to-interpret mammograms. Our method uses fiducial skin markers placed on the breast that can be observed in PET and MRI. The intermodal geometrical displacements (i.e. differences between PET and MRI marker locations) are estimated from tomographic images. A finite-element-method (FEM) model of breast tissue, based upon an analogy between the orthogonal components of the displacement …
Diffusion Barrier Cladding In Si/Sige Resonant Interband Tunneling Diodes And Their Patterned Growth On Pmos Source/Drain Regions, Niu Jin, Sung-Yong Chung, Anthony Rice
Diffusion Barrier Cladding In Si/Sige Resonant Interband Tunneling Diodes And Their Patterned Growth On Pmos Source/Drain Regions, Niu Jin, Sung-Yong Chung, Anthony Rice
Articles
Si/SiGe resonant interband tunnel diodes (RITDs) employing -doping spikes that demonstrate negative differential resistance (NDR) at room temperature are presented. Efforts have focused on improving the tunnel diode peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) figure-of-merit, as well as addressing issues of manufacturability and CMOS integration. Thin SiGe layers sandwiching the B -doping spike used to suppress B out-diffusion are discussed. A room-temperature PVCR of 3.6 was measured with a peak current density of 0.3 kA/cm2. Results clearly show that by introducing SiGe layers to clad the B -doping layer, B diffusion is suppressed during post-growth annealing, which raises the thermal budget. A …
Perspectives On The History Of Deaf Education, Harry Lang
Perspectives On The History Of Deaf Education, Harry Lang
Articles
RIT community members may access full-text via RIT Libraries licensed databases: http://library.rit.edu/databases/ A history of the education of deaf persons is by its very nature a study of social and cultural change. This notion is epitomized in tracing prevailing attitudes about deaf people and how they learn. Such an understanding of deafness as an educational condition shapes the historical highlights discussed in this chapter.
Real-Life Perspectives: Quality Of Life Assessments, Susan Foster, Kerstin Moller
Real-Life Perspectives: Quality Of Life Assessments, Susan Foster, Kerstin Moller
Articles
This article explores the ways in which deaf college students who are members of minority racial groups think about and describe their identities. In-depth, semi structured interviews with 33 deaf students of Asian American, Hispanic American, and African American background were analyzed for themes regarding the self-reported identities of respondents. Results suggest that each person is a constellation of many parts, some of which are stronger than others but any of which can be drawn out in response to a particular set of circumstances, resulting in a contextual and interactive model of identity. Four factors arc described as central to …
Comparing Air Pollution From Ferry And Landslide Commuting, Alexander Farrell, Deborah Redman, James Corbett
Comparing Air Pollution From Ferry And Landslide Commuting, Alexander Farrell, Deborah Redman, James Corbett
Articles
Recent and anticipated growth in passenger ferry service has been complicated by concerns about air pollution from marine engines that are only starting to be regulated. While marine engines are known to be a significant and growing source category in some locations, sparse data and analytical difficulties have prevented rigorous comparisons of marine and on-land passenger travel. Using data gathered in the San Francisco Bay Area, we model emissions from three passenger ferries and the matching on-land travel that would be used by commuters if ferry service were not available. The results are analyzed parametrically for levels of ridership and …
A Comparison Of Constant Stimuli And Gray Scale Methods Of Color Difference Scaling, Ethan Montag, David Wilber
A Comparison Of Constant Stimuli And Gray Scale Methods Of Color Difference Scaling, Ethan Montag, David Wilber
Articles
Two psychophysical techniques, the method of constant stimuli and the gray-scale comparison method, were used to determine color tolerances for three different color centers in the hue, chroma, and lightness directions in CIELAB color space. The same color-difference pairs were used as the stimuli in both experiments. Although the results followed the same trends, they were different for the two techniques. Based on comparison of the validity and precision of the results, as well as the ease of implementation, use, and analysis, the method of constant stimuli is the preferable method.
Object Segmentation And Labeling By Learning From Examples, Yaowu Xu, Eli Saber, Murat Tekalp
Object Segmentation And Labeling By Learning From Examples, Yaowu Xu, Eli Saber, Murat Tekalp
Articles
We propose a system that employs low-level image segmentation followed by color and two-dimensional (2-D) shape matching to automatically group those low-level segments into objects based on their similarity to a set of example object templates presented by the user. A hierarchical content tree data structure is used for each database image to store matching combinations of low-level regions as objects. The system automatically initializes the content tree with only “elementary nodes” representing homogeneous low-level regions. The “learning” phase refers to labeling of combinations of low-level regions that have resulted in successful color and/or 2-D shape matches with the example …
A Qualitative Study Of Teachers' Acceptance Of A Speech-To-Text Transcription System In High School And College Classrooms, Lisa Elliot, Susan Foster, Michael Stinson
A Qualitative Study Of Teachers' Acceptance Of A Speech-To-Text Transcription System In High School And College Classrooms, Lisa Elliot, Susan Foster, Michael Stinson
Articles
Student success using an assistive technology may be partially attributed to educators' acceptance of the technology. High school and college educators in New York and California participated in a qualitative study of the implementation of a speech-to-text support service for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Educators' interviews were analyzed using criteria from Rogers (1995) model of diffusion of innovations. Educators accepted the support service due to its relative advantage to other notetaking services, perceived simplicity of the system, and perceived potential for students. Acceptance was less clear-cut in the domains of compatibility and trialability. Educators were less …
Kubelka-Munk Theory And The Mtf Of Paper, Jonathan Arney, James Chauvin, Josh Nauman
Kubelka-Munk Theory And The Mtf Of Paper, Jonathan Arney, James Chauvin, Josh Nauman
Articles
An experimental analysis of paper optical scattering is reported. The Kubelka– Munk parameters for scattering, S, absorption, K, thickness, L, and background reflectance, Rg , were measured for a variety of papers. Measurements were made of reflectance and transmittance using integrating sphere techniques, and the Kubelka– Munk Eqs. were inverted numerically to generate the corresponding S and K values. The modulation transfer function, MTF, of each paper sample was also measured by projecting a sharp edge onto the paper and measuring the resulting edge spread function. The MTF was calculated as the modulus of the Fourier transform of the derivative …
Energy Guides As Teaching Aids, David Farnsworth
Energy Guides As Teaching Aids, David Farnsworth
Articles
This article may be accessed from the following website (additional fees may apply): http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3950/is_200301/ai_n9173558 One of the many challenges of teaching, especially on the lower level, is that of motivation. Thus, problems that students recognize as meaningful in life are of great help in the classroom. This problem could be used in algebra or a statistics course to provide motivation. The following analysis has students calculating appliance efficiency using basic arithmetic, and they can take this problem home to their own appliances as well as apply these skills to their future purchases.
Dye Desensitization Studies: Agbr Core-Shell Versus Agbr Core-Agibr Shell Emulsions, J. Zheng, A. Gary Difrancesco, Richard Hailstone
Dye Desensitization Studies: Agbr Core-Shell Versus Agbr Core-Agibr Shell Emulsions, J. Zheng, A. Gary Difrancesco, Richard Hailstone
Articles
Four 0.73 μm core-shell octahedral emulsions, sulphur-plus-gold sensitized either internally or on the surface, were used to study dye desensitization by anionic J-aggregating dyes. Two of the emulsions were pure AgBr and two contained AgBr cores with AgI[0.01] Br[0.99] shells. Four dyes having a systematically varying electrochemical oxidation potential, E[ox], were studied at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 per cent monolayer coverage. None of the dyes desensitized the internal image of either emulsion. However, desensitization of the surface-sensitized emulsions was observed, particularly for the dyes with E[ox] less than about 1.1 V (versus Ag/AgCl in acetonitrile), and it was …
A Model Of Electrophotographic Laser Printing That Is Independent Of Halftone Algorithm, Jonathan Arney, Peter Anderson, Sunadi Gunawan
A Model Of Electrophotographic Laser Printing That Is Independent Of Halftone Algorithm, Jonathan Arney, Peter Anderson, Sunadi Gunawan
Articles
A printer model for an electrophotographic printer is described that is capable of showing quantitatively the difference in behavior of different halftone patterns. The objective was to develop a model that is independent of the halftone pattern but as computationally simple as possible. A model employing a single point spread function was not found to be sufficiently reliable for this purpose. The model that was finally tested incorporated a point spread function for the distribution of toner mass, a toner delivery function, and a separate point spread function for scattering of light within the paper. The result was found to …
Perceived Image Contrast And Observer Preference: Ii. Empirical Modeling Of Perceived Image Contrast And Observer Preference Data, Anthony Calabria, Mark Fairchild
Perceived Image Contrast And Observer Preference: Ii. Empirical Modeling Of Perceived Image Contrast And Observer Preference Data, Anthony Calabria, Mark Fairchild
Articles
Psychophysical experimentation was performed on the perceived contrast of color images and its effect on observer preference. Goals of this research included the following: investigation into the roles of image lightness, chroma and sharpness manipulations on perceived image contrast; modeling the perception of image contrast with physical image parameters; the relation of perceived contrast of an image to the most preferred version of that image; and the generation of a large scale image contrast data set for later use in image difference/quality metric development. These goals were undertaken by administration of soft copy paired-comparison experiments of perceived image contrast and …
Perceived Image Contrast And Observer Preference: I. The Effects Of Lightness, Chroma, And Sharpness Manipulations On Contrast Perception, Anthony Calabria, Mark Fairchild
Perceived Image Contrast And Observer Preference: I. The Effects Of Lightness, Chroma, And Sharpness Manipulations On Contrast Perception, Anthony Calabria, Mark Fairchild
Articles
A large-scale investigation into the perception of contrast in color images was performed. Psychophysical experiments were performed to determine the influence of image lightness, chroma, and sharpness transforms on perceived image contrast and observer preference. The influence of these transforms on perceived contrast was investigated separately by independent soft copy, paired comparison tests of contrast perception and image preference. The perception of contrast across transformations was also investigated, as was the perception of image contrast relative to the most preferred image manipulation. In all, four experiments of contrast perception and image preference were performed by at least thirty-two observers each. …
A Three Component Model Based On Linear Color Addition In Halftones, Yoshihiko Azuma, Jonathan Arney
A Three Component Model Based On Linear Color Addition In Halftones, Yoshihiko Azuma, Jonathan Arney
Articles
One would expect that colors of single ink halftones would be reproduced by linear addition of the colors of paper and ink, and consequently their chromaticity coordinates would be on the straight line connecting the colors of the paper and ink. However, it is typically observed that the chromaticity coordinate points of single ink halftones lie on a gentle curve other than on the straight line. This non-linearity suggests an existence of a third primary color that is involved in color reproduction of single ink halftones. This article describes the model in which reflectance spectra of halftones are represented by …
Analyzing Transformation-Based Simulation Metamodels, Maria Irizarry, Michael Kuhl, Emily Lada
Analyzing Transformation-Based Simulation Metamodels, Maria Irizarry, Michael Kuhl, Emily Lada
Articles
To analyze a simulation (response surface) metamodel that involves a variance-stabilizing transformation of the original simulation- generated response, we present two techniques. In the first technique we compute an approximate percentile-type confidence interval for the mean of the original response at a selected factor-level combination (design point) as follows: we compute the usual confidence interval for the mean of the transformed response at that design point; and then we untransform the corresponding endpoints to obtain the desired confidence interval for the untransformed metamodel. In the second technique we compute the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the mean of the untransformed …
Incentives Versus Standards: Properties Of Accounting Income In Four East Asian Countries, Ray Ball, Ashok Robin, Shuang Wu
Incentives Versus Standards: Properties Of Accounting Income In Four East Asian Countries, Ray Ball, Ashok Robin, Shuang Wu
Articles
The East Asian counties Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand provide rare insight into the interaction between accounting standards and the incentives of managers and auditors. Their standards derive from common law sources (UK, US, and IAS) that are widely viewed as higher quality than code law standards. However, their preparers' incentives imply low quality. We show their financial reporting quality is not higher than under code law, with quality operationalized as timely recognition of economic income (particularly losses). It is