Digital Commons Network^™

Memory And Pluralism On A Property Law Frontier, The Contested Landscape Of New Mexico's Costilla Valley, Gregory A. Hicks

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This article describes the decades-long dispute between Hispano settlers of the Costilla Valley in northern New Mexico's Sangre de Cristo Land Grant and the succession of entrepreneurial owners of the grant during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Through the U.S. Freehold Land and Emigration Company and its successors, the new Dutch and American owners sought to replace patterns of land and resource use developed during the Mexican period with patterns of use intended to support Anglo colonial settlement and intense development of the region's natural resources. The Dutch and American owners faced continuing resistance from the area's Hispano …

International Contracting Meets Information Technology: Tales From A Transpacific Seminar, Daniel H. Foote

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The following account is in essence a personal memoir concerning the first year of what, at the time, was a novel course offering: an international negotiation simulation, conducted transnationally, in which teams of students from the University of Tokyo utilized e-mail, videoconference facilities, and other resources to negotiate a major acquisition agreement with teams of students from the University of Washington. I originally wrote the account in 2001. As of this writing, in early 2005, we have just completed the fifth year of the course; and in the interim, professors at a number of other universities have established courses along …

Intellectual Property Rights And Stem Cell Research: Who Owns The Medical Breakthroughs?, Sean M. O'Connor

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This article will not address the science and ethics of stem cell research—at least as far as those topics are normally addressed in the existing literature. Instead, this article argues that an even more contentious battle is looming on the horizon, with dire practical consequences: Namely, who will own the revolutionary medical breakthroughs that are supposed to emerge from this research? Along the way, this article will assume that stem cell research will progress in some fashion and that at least some of the purported benefits will materialize.

But the central premise is that the pitch of the ownership battle …

On The Integrability Of A Class Of Nonlinear Dispersive Wave Equations, Rossen Ivanov

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We investigate the integrability of a class of 1+1 dimensional models describing nonlinear dispersive waves in continuous media, e.g. cylindrical compressible hyperelastic rods, shallow water waves, etc. The only completely integrable cases coincide with the Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations.

Micro Shot Blasting Of Machine Tools For Improving Surface Finish And Reducing Cutting Forces In Manufacturing, James Vahey, David Kennedy

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Micro blasting of cutting tips and tools is a very effective and reliable method of advancing the life of tools under the action of turning, milling, drilling, punching and cutting. This paper outlines the ways in which micro blasted tools, both coated and un coated have benefited from shot blasting and resulted in greater productivity, lower cutting forces, improved surface finish of the work pieces and less machine downtime. The process of micro blasting is discussed in the paper. Its effectiveness depends on many parameters including the shot media ad size, the mechanics of impact and the application of the …

Characterisation Of An Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer For Data Storage Utilizing Holographic Angular Multiplexing, Hosam Sherif, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Colm Mcginn, Vincent Toal

Articles

An acrylamide-based photopolymer formulated in the Centre for Industrial and Engineering Optics has been investigated with a view to further optimisation for holographic optical storage. Series of 18 to 30 gratings were angularly multiplexed in a volume of photopolymer layer at a spatial frequency of 1500 lines/mm. Since the photopolymer is a saturable material, an exposure scheduling method was used to exploit the entire dynamic range of the material and allow equal strength holographic gratings to be recorded. This investigation yielded the photopolymer M/# for moderately thin layers. Photopolymer temporal stability was also studied by measuring variations of material shrinkage, …

The Effect Of The Internal Field On The Ir Absorption Spectra Of Small Particles In Case Of 3d, 2d And 1d Size Confinement, Igor I. Shaganov, Tatiana S. Perova, R. Alan Moore, Kevin Berwick

Articles

The spectral properties of composite materials based on small particles under 1D, 2D, and 3D size confinement are described using a combination of dispersive internal field and effective media theory approaches. Calculations performed for a number of crystalline materials have shown that the peak position and intensity of the vibrational band of the material under conditions of 1D, 2D, and 3D size confinement are changed, whereas the bandwidth of the band remains the same. In the case of 3D confinement, the peak position of the spectrum of isolated “mesoparticles” ( ) appears to be very close to the intrinsic frequency …

Capitalising On Culture: An Evaluation Of Culture-Led Urban Regeneration Policy, Luke Binns

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Municipal authorities throughout Western Europe are attempting to drive regeneration of their urban centres through policies designed to attract inward investment and tourism. In an attempt to woo these outside economic agents in, a variety of cultural consumption oriented policies have been developed and marketed. These include investment in hard cultural-infrastructure such as museums or art galleries, and in less physical aspects such as holding events like the European Capital of Culture. A polemical debate surrounds this use of cultural policy with a clearly economic agenda. This paper gives a brief synopsis of some culture-led regeneration models, addresses the validity …

I'D Like To Teach The World To Sing (In Perfect Harmony): International Judicial Dialogue And The Muses - Reflections Of The Perils And The Promise Of International Judicial Dialogue 2006 Survey Of Books Relating To The Law - Part V: International And Comparative Law, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.

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No abstract provided.

Defamation In The Digital Age: Some Comparative Law Observations On The Difficulty Of Reconciling Free Speech And Reputation In The Emerging Global Village The Washington And Lee Law Alumni Association Student Notes Colloquium, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.

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No abstract provided.

Photocontrol Of Upper And Lower Rim Complexation Of Neutral And Cationic Species By P-Tert-Butylcalix[4]Arene Tetraethyl Ester, Mary Deasy, Bernadette Creaven, Brian A. Murray, Catherine Mckenna, Darren Tobin

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A number of sodium salt complexes of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraethyl ester, 1, were isolated both with and without upper-rim encapsulated solvent. Selective decomplexation of lower rim bound sodium cations and upper rim encapsulated solvent molecules could be successfully achieved using low pressure light sources. Oxidation of the counter anion at the lower rim of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraethyl ester triggered both the upper and lower rim decomplexation process. The extent of decomplexation at both rims is controlled both by the nature of the counter-anionic species at the lower rim and by the fate of the photoproducts generated. The calixarene host …

Future Reasoning Machines: Mind And Body, Brian Duffy, Gregory O'Hare, John Bradley, Bianca Schoen-Phelan

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In investing energy in developing reasoning machines of the future, one must abstract away from the specific solutions to specific problems and ask what are the fundamental research questions that should be addressed. This paper aims to revisit some fundamental perspectives and promote new approaches to reasoning machines and their associated form and function. Core aspects are discussed, namely the one-mind-many-bodies metaphor as introduced in the Agent Chameleon work. Within this metaphor the agent’s embodiment form may take many guises with the artificial mind or agent potentially exhibiting a nomadic existence opportunistically migrating between a myriad of instantiated embodiments. We …

A Rejoinder To The Rejoinder To On The Theory Class's Theories Of Asbestos Litigation, Lester Brickman

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The article, authored by Lester Brickman, serves as a rebuttal to Professor Charles Silver's rejoinder, which criticized Brickman's original article on asbestos litigation. Brickman defends his assertions regarding Silver's undisclosed retention by the law firm Baron & Budd to defend the controversial Script Memo, arguing that this nondisclosure breaches academic ethics. He also clarifies his stance on the role of attorney William Skepnek and reiterates his scholarly focus on legal ethics, particularly the issues surrounding contingency fees and their potential for overcharging clients. Brickman emphasizes the importance of academic integrity and the necessity of exposing ethical abuses in the legal …

Afterword Culture By Law: Backlash As Jurisprudence, Francisco Valdes

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No abstract provided.

Afterword "We Are Now Of The View"*: Backlash Activism, Cultural Cleansing, And The Kulturkampf To Resurrect The Old Deal, Francisco Valdes

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No abstract provided.

The Oas And Constitutionalism: Lessons From Recent West African Experience, Stephen J. Schnably

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No abstract provided.

The Unconstitutionality Of "Hold Until Cleared": Reexamining Material Witness Detentions In The Wake Of The September 11th Dragnet, Ricardo J. Bascuas

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No abstract provided.

Private International Law-Making For The Financial Markets, Caroline Bradley

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No abstract provided.

Who Needs Freedom Of Religion?, James W. Nickel

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This article proposes that we view freedom of religion as a specific application area of more general basic liberties such as freedoms of thought, expression, association, assembly, movement, privacy, political participation, and economic activity. Separate enumeration of freedom of religion in national and international bills of rights may be useful, but it is not indispensable. In this respect freedom of religion is more like scientific freedom or artistic freedom than like freedom of expression. Recognizing that separate enumeration of freedom of religion is dispensable has salutary consequences for how we conceive and justify freedom as it applies to religion. First, …

The V1647 Orionis (Iras 05436–0007) Protostar And Its Environment, Peregrine M. Mcgehee, J. Allyn Smith, Arne A. Henden, Michael Richmond, Gillian R. Knapp, Douglas P. Finkbeiner, J. Brinkmann

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We present Sloan Digital Sky Survey and United States Naval Observatory observations of the V1647 Ori protostar and surrounding field near NGC 2068. V1647 Ori, the likely driving source for HH 23, brightened significantly in November 2003. Analysis of SDSS imaging acquired in November 1998 and February 2002 during the quiescent state, recent USNO photometry, and published 2MASS and Gemini data shows that the color changes associated with brightening suggest an EXor outburst rather than a simple dust clearing event.

The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Xi. The Nature Of Diffuse Star Clusters In Early-Type Galaxies, Eric Peng, Patrick Côté, Andrés Jordán, John P. Blakeslee, Laura Ferrarese, Simona Mei, Michael J. West, David Merritt, Milos Milosavljević, John L. Tonry

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We use HST/ACS imaging of 100 early-type galaxies in the ACS Virgo Cluster Survey to investigate the nature of diffuse star clusters (DSCs). Compared to globular clusters (GCs), these star clusters have moderately low luminosities (MV > −8) and a broad distribution of sizes (3 < rh < 30 pc), but they are principally characterized by their low mean surface brightnesses which can be more than three magnitudes fainter than a typical GC (µg > 20 mag arcsec−2). The median colors of diffuse star cluster systems are red, 1.1 < g − z < 1.6, which is redder than metal-rich GCs and often as red as the galaxy itself. Most DSC systems thus have mean ages older than 5 Gyr or else have super-solar metallicities implying that diffuse star clusters are likely to be long-lived, surviving for significant fraction of a Hubble time. We find that 12 galaxies in our sample contain a significant excess of diffuse star cluster candidates. Nine of them are morphologically classified as lenticulars (S0s), and five of them visibly contain dust. We also find a substantial population of DSCs in the halo of the giant elliptical M49, associated with the companion galaxy VCC 1199. Most DSC systems appear to be both aligned with the galaxy light and associated with galactic disks, but at the same time many lenticular galaxies do not host substantial DSC populations, and environment and clustercentric radius do not appear to be good predictors of their existence. Diffuse star clusters in our sample share similar characteristics to those identified in other nearby lenticular, spiral, and dwarf galaxies. Unlike luminous GCs, whose sizes are constant with luminiosity, DSCs are bounded at the bright end by an envelope of nearly constant surface brightness. We suggest that populations of diffuse star clusters preferentially form, survive, and coevolve with galactic disks. Their properties are broadly consistent with those of merged star cluster complexes, and we note that despite being 3–5 magnitudes brighter than DSCs, ultra-compact dwarfs have similar surface brightnesses. The closest Galactic analogs to the DSCs are the old open clusters. We suggest that if a diffuse star cluster population did exist in the disk of the Milky Way, it would be very difficult to find.

How Well Can People Use Different Color Attributes?, Hongqin Zhang, Ethan Montag

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Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to analyze the role of color attributes in simple tasks involving color matching and discrimination. In Experiment I observers made color matches using three different adjustment control methods. The results showed that the Lightness, Chroma, Hue (LCH) and the Lightness, redness/greenness, blueness/yellowness ({L, r/g, y/b}) adjustment controls elicited significantly better performance than the display RGB controls in terms of both accuracy and time, but were not significantly different from each other. Expert observers performed significantly better than naive observers in terms of accuracy. Experiment II was a replication and extension of Melgosa, et al.’s experiment …

Supermassive Black Holes In Active Galactic Nuclei. Ii. Calibration Of The Black Hole Mass-Velocity Dispersion Relationship For Active Galactic Nuclei, Christopher A. Onken, Laura Ferrarese, David Merritt, Bradley M. Peterson, Richard W. Pogge, Marianne Vestergaard, Amri Wandel

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We calibrate reverberation-based black hole masses in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) by using the correlation between black hole mass, MBH, and bulge/spheroid stellar velocity dispersion, σ[sigma]∗. We use new measurements of σ[sigma]∗ for 6 AGNs and published velocity dispersions for 10 others, in conjunction with improved reverberation mapping results, to determine the scaling factor required to bring reverberation-based black hole masses into agreement with the quiescent galaxy MBH–σ[sigma]∗ relationship. The scatter in the AGN BH masses is found to be less than a factor of 3. The current observational uncertainties preclude use of the scaling factor to discriminate between broad-line …

The Acs Virgo Cluster Survey. Ii. Data Reduction Procedures, Andrés Jordán, John P. Blakeslee, Eric W. Peng, Simona Mei, Patrick Côté, Laura Ferrarese, John L. Tonry, David Merritt, Miloš Milosavljević, Michael J. West

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The ACS Virgo Cluster Survey is a large program to carry out multi-color imaging of 100 early-type members of the Virgo Cluster using the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope. Deep F475W and F850LP images (≈ SDSS g and z) are being used to study the central regions of the program galaxies, their globular cluster systems, and the three-dimensional structure of Virgo itself. In this paper, we describe in detail the data reduction procedures used for the survey, including image registration, drizzling strategies, the computation of weight images, object detection, the identification of globular cluster candidates, …

A Classification Of Tournaments Having An Acyclic Tournament As A Minimum Feedback Arc Set, Garth Isaak, Darren Narayan

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Given a tournament with an acyclic tournament as a feedback arc set we give necessary and sufficient conditions for this feedback arc set to have minimum size.

High-Resolution Slant-Angle Scene Generation And Validation Of Concealed Targets In Dirsig, Kris E. Barcomb, John Schott, Scott D. Brown, Timothy J. Hattenberger

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Traditionally, synthetic imagery has been constructed to simulate images captured with low resolution, nadirviewing sensors. Advances in sensor design have driven a need to simulate scenes not only at higher resolutions but also from oblique view angles. The primary efforts of this research include: real image capture, scene construction and modeling, and validation of the synthetic imagery in the reflective portion of the spectrum. High resolution imagery was collected of an area named MicroScene at the Rochester Institute of Technology using the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science’s MISI and WASP sensors using an oblique view angle. Three Humvees, …

Surface And Buried Landmine Scene Generation And Validation Using The Digital Imaging And Remote Sensing Image Generation Model, Erin D. Peterson, Scott D. Brown, Timothy J. Hattenberger, John R. Schott

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Detection and neutralization of surface-laid and buried landmines has been a slow and dangerous endeavor for military forces and humanitarian organizations throughout the world. In an effort to make the process faster and safer, scientists have begun to exploit the ever-evolving passive electro-optical realm, both from a broadband perspective and a multi or hyperspectral perspective. Carried with this exploitation is the development of mine detection algorithms that take advantage of spectral features exhibited by mine targets, only available in a multi or hyperspectral data set. Difficulty in algorithm development arises from a lack of robust data, which is needed to …

Integrating Remorse And Apology Into Criminal Procedure, Stephanos Bibas, Richard A. Bierschbach

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The article argues that the criminal justice system's current focus on punishment and procedural efficiency overlooks the transformative potential of remorse and apology in repairing moral and relational harm caused by crime. It advocates for a relational approach that integrates mechanisms like restorative justice and victim-offender mediation to foster healing, reconciliation, and reintegration of offenders into society.

Structural Characterisation Of A Sol-Gel Copolymer Synthesised From Aliphatic And Aromatic Alkoxysilanes Using 29si-Nmr Spectroscopy, Mohamed Oubaha, M. Dubois, B. Murphy, P. Etienne

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A hybrid organic-inorganic material was prepared from the hydrolytic co-condensation of 3- trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (MAPTMS) and diphenyldiethoxysilane (DPHDES). The synthesis was performed in three steps: (1) MAPTMS pre-hydrolysis, (2) addition of DPHDES, and (3) further hydrolysis of the obtained mixture. ²⁹ Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to characterise the structural evolution of the mineral network during the synthesis. It revealed the catalytic effect of DPHDES on the condensation reaction of silanol groups, initially observed for pre-hydrolysed MAPTMS. In addition, it was clearly demonstrated that the formation of the highest condensed species of the aromatic oligomers (D₂ species) occurred …

A Novel Brdf Measurement Technique With Spatial Resolution-Dependent Spectral Variance, James Ii Shell, Carl Salvaggio, John Schott

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Overhead spectral imaging has enabled a variety of quantitative remote sensing techniques. However, the derived surface reflectance upon which these techniques rely is generally directional and dependent upon the incident solar and receiving detector angles. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) is becoming increasingly important with the development of non-nadir, multi-angle systems. A BRDF measurement approach in the visible to near infrared is described which is suitable for field use. An imaging technique measures BRDF but also enables the generation of the BRDF variability, or the bidirectional reflectance variance function (BRVF). From the measurements, the BRVF and spectral correlation statistics …