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Articles 1741 - 1770 of 2926
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Enhanced Quantum Dot Emission For Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using Plasmonic Interaction, Subhash Chandra, Manus Kennedy, John Doran, Sarah Mccormack, A. J. Chatten
Enhanced Quantum Dot Emission For Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using Plasmonic Interaction, Subhash Chandra, Manus Kennedy, John Doran, Sarah Mccormack, A. J. Chatten
Articles
Plasmonic excitation enhanced fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) in the presence of Au nanoparticles (NPs) has been studied for application in quantum dot solar concentrator (QDSC) devices. We observe that there is an optimal concentration of Au NPs that gives a maximum 53% fluorescence emission enhancement for the particular QD/Au NP composite studied. The optimal concentration depends on the coupling and spacing between neighboring QDs and Au NPs. We show the continuous transition from fluorescence enhancement to quenching, depending on Au NP concentration. The locally enhanced electromagnetic field induced by the surface plasmon resonance in the Au NPs …
Dc Pulsed Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Image Information, Denis P. Dowling, F T. O'Neill, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Victor J. Law
Dc Pulsed Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Image Information, Denis P. Dowling, F T. O'Neill, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Victor J. Law
Articles
This paper presents optical imaging and optical emission spectroscopy (OES) data of an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet. It is shown how the visual information and OES information of the air discharge are related as the blown arc extends from the nozzle (2-4 mm) with a molecular nitrogen rotational temperature on the order of 1700 K and the flowing afterglow beyond this region is dominated by the cooler (300-K) NO-O chemiluminescent reaction that produces NO2 species.
Performance Of Coiled Tube Ultraviolet Reactors To Inactivate Escherichia Coli W1485 And Bacillus Cereus Endospores In Raw Cow Milk And Commercially Processed Skimmed Cow Milk, Ruplal Choudhary, Srinivasaro Bandla, Dennis G. Watson, John Haddock, Amer Abughazaleh, Bhaskar Battacharya
Performance Of Coiled Tube Ultraviolet Reactors To Inactivate Escherichia Coli W1485 And Bacillus Cereus Endospores In Raw Cow Milk And Commercially Processed Skimmed Cow Milk, Ruplal Choudhary, Srinivasaro Bandla, Dennis G. Watson, John Haddock, Amer Abughazaleh, Bhaskar Battacharya
Articles
Two coiled tube reactors were designed to investigate the influence of Reynolds number (Re) and diameter of fluid carrying tube on UV-C inactivation of Escherichia coli W1485 and Bacillus cereus endospores in raw cow milk (RCM) and skimmed cow milk (SCM) at room temperature. UV reactors were constructed using perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing having internal diameters of 1.6 and 3.2 mm and each had a residence time of 11.3 s. Four levels of Re were tested for each milk type, each tube size and each bacteria type. Inactivation efficiency increased as the Re increased in both the reactors for both types …
Understanding The Molecular Information Contained In Principal Component Analysis Of Vibrational Spectra Of Biological Systems, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne
Understanding The Molecular Information Contained In Principal Component Analysis Of Vibrational Spectra Of Biological Systems, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne
Articles
K-means clustering followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to analyse Raman spectroscopic maps of single biological cells. K-means clustering successfully identifies regions of cellular cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleoli, but the mean spectra do not differentiate their biochemical composition. The loadings of the principal components identified by PCA shed further light on the spectral basis for differentiation but they are complex and, as the number of spectra per cluster is imbalanced, particularly in the case of the nucleoli, the loadings under-represent the basis for differentiation of some cellular regions. Analysis of pure bio-molecules, both structurally and spectrally distinct, in …
Climate Change And The Conservation Of Archaeological Sites: A Review Of Impacts Theory, Caithleen Daly
Climate Change And The Conservation Of Archaeological Sites: A Review Of Impacts Theory, Caithleen Daly
Articles
This article identifies the current state of knowledge in the literature regarding the possible impacts of future climatic change on archaeological sites and ensembles. Drawing on the literature review a matrix of potential impacts is collated to provide a simplified overview. This theoretical ‘menu’ is then tested by applying it to a vulnerability assessment of the World Heritage site of Skellig Michael in Ireland. The case study results reveal some knowledge gaps, particularly in regard to the impacts of climate change on buried archaeological remains.
Holographic Recording In Corona Charged Acrylamide-Based Mfi-Zeolite Photopolymer, Temenujka Yovcheva, Izabela Naydenova, Simeon Sainov, Vincent Toal, Svetlana Mintova
Holographic Recording In Corona Charged Acrylamide-Based Mfi-Zeolite Photopolymer, Temenujka Yovcheva, Izabela Naydenova, Simeon Sainov, Vincent Toal, Svetlana Mintova
Articles
The influence of corona charging on holographic recording in acrylamide-based photopolymer nanocomposite containing MFI zeolite nanoparticles has been studied. The holographic recording was carried out in two different geometries —transmission grating recording and total internal reflection grating recording. During the recording process, the layers were charged in a corona field. It was observed that independently of the corona polarity, in the case of transmission geometry of recording, the corona charging led to a decrease in the diffraction efficiency (DE) of the grating. In the case of the total internal reflection grating, the DE increased in the corona field presence.
On The N-Wave Equations And Soliton Interactions In Two And Three Dimensions, Vladimir S. Gerdjikov, Rossen Ivanov, Assen V. Kyuldjiev
On The N-Wave Equations And Soliton Interactions In Two And Three Dimensions, Vladimir S. Gerdjikov, Rossen Ivanov, Assen V. Kyuldjiev
Articles
Several important examples of the N-wave equations are studied. These integrable equations can be linearized by formulation of the inverse scattering as a local Riemann–Hilbert problem (RHP). Several nontrivial reductions are presented. Such reductions can be applied to the generic N-wave equations but mainly the 3- and 4-wave interactions are presented as examples. Their one and two-soliton solutions are derived and their soliton interactions are analyzed. It is shown that additional reductions may lead to new types of soliton solutions. In particular the 4-wave equations with Z2xZ2 reduction group allow breather-like solitons. Finally it is demonstrated that …
Preparation And Characterization Of A Composite Of Gold Nanoparticles And Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Its Potential For Heterogeneous Catalysis, Anne Shanahan, James Sullivan, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne
Preparation And Characterization Of A Composite Of Gold Nanoparticles And Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes And Its Potential For Heterogeneous Catalysis, Anne Shanahan, James Sullivan, Mary Mcnamara, Hugh Byrne
Articles
A single-walled carbon nanotube-supported gold nanoparticle composite was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy/scanning electron microscopy/transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The Au particles were found to be crystalline, with a well-defined and narrow particle-size distribution, centered around 7 nm. The activity and selectivity of the composite for solventless aerobic oxidation of a secondary alcohol were examined, and a conversion efficiency of 95% was obtained.
Technical Note: Friction Factor Diagrams For Pipe Flow, Jim Mcgovern
Technical Note: Friction Factor Diagrams For Pipe Flow, Jim Mcgovern
Articles
This technical note describes diagrams of friction factor for pipe flow that have been prepared using, mainly, the equations that Lewis Moody used to prepare his famous diagram in 1944. The preparation of the new diagrams was prompted by the need for vector graphics versions that could be used for teaching purposes and that could be distributed freely to students and others under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike license. Using a structure very similar to that of Moody's diagram, variants with the Darcy friction factor and the Fanning friction factor have been prepared. In addition, variants have been prepared that include …
Rational Efficiency Of A Heat Exchanger, Jim Mcgovern, Brian P. Smyth
Rational Efficiency Of A Heat Exchanger, Jim Mcgovern, Brian P. Smyth
Articles
The authors propose a new and unique definition for the rational efficiency of a heat exchanger. This new rational efficiency is defined in terms of its sub-rational efficiencies: a heat transfer rational efficiency and a friction rational efficiency for each of the fluid systems comprising the heat exchanger. The heat transfer rational efficiency is based on the definition of a mean temperature for the heat source and a mean temperature for the heat sink and reflects the exergy supplied and the exergy received, due to heat transfer only. The friction rational efficiency for each fluid system of the heat exchanger …
Application Of Baranyi Function To Model The Antibacterial Properties Of Solvent Extract From Irish York Cabbage Against Food Spoilage And Pathogenic Bacteria, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta, Sabrina Cox
Application Of Baranyi Function To Model The Antibacterial Properties Of Solvent Extract From Irish York Cabbage Against Food Spoilage And Pathogenic Bacteria, Amit Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta, Sabrina Cox
Articles
Cabbage is a rich source of a number of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, glucosinolates and their breakdown products which may have antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. Outer green leaves of York cabbage were extracted with 60% methanol, ethanol or acetone. Antibacterial activities of vacuum dried crude extracts were estimated against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative food spoilage and food pathogenic bacteria. The crude extracts showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities but 60% methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial effect. Complete growth inhibition for Listeria monocytogenes was achieved with an extract concentration of 1.4%, whereas a two-fold concentration …
Euler Equations On A Semi-Direct Product Of The Diffeomorphisms Group By Itself, Joachim Escher, Rossen Ivanov, Boris Kolev
Euler Equations On A Semi-Direct Product Of The Diffeomorphisms Group By Itself, Joachim Escher, Rossen Ivanov, Boris Kolev
Articles
The geodesic equations of a class of right invariant metrics on the semi-direct product of two Diff(S) groups are studied. The equations are explicitly described, they have the form of a system of coupled equations of Camassa-Holm type and possess singular (peakon) solutions. Their integrability is further investigated, however no compatible bi-Hamiltonian structures on the corresponding dual Lie algebra are found.
Solutions To Quasi-Relativistic Multi-Configurative Hartree-Fock Equations In Quantum Chemistry, Carlos Argáez García, Michael Melgaard
Solutions To Quasi-Relativistic Multi-Configurative Hartree-Fock Equations In Quantum Chemistry, Carlos Argáez García, Michael Melgaard
Articles
We establish existence of infinitely many distinct solutions to the multi-configurative Hartree-Fock type equations for N-electron Coulomb systems with quasi-relativistic kinetic energy for the n th electron. Finitely many of the solutions are interpreted as excited states of the molecule. Moreover, we prove existence of a ground state. The results are valid under the hypotheses that the total charge Z of K nuclei is greater than N-1 and that Z is smaller than a critical charge. The proofs are based on a new application of the Lions-Fang-Ghoussoub critical point approach to nonminimal solutions on a complete analytic Hilbert-Riemann manifold.
On The Acceleration Of Explicit Finite Difference Methods For Option Pricing, Stephen O'Sullivan, Conall O'Sullivan
On The Acceleration Of Explicit Finite Difference Methods For Option Pricing, Stephen O'Sullivan, Conall O'Sullivan
Articles
Implicit finite difference methods are conventionally preferred over their explicit counterparts for the numerical valuation of options. In large part the reason for this is a severe stability constraint known as the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition which limits the latter class’s efficiency. Implicit methods, however, are difficult to implement for all but the most simple of pricing models, whereas explicit techniques are easily adapted to complex problems. For the first time in a financial context, we present an acceleration technique, applicable to explicit finite difference schemes describing diffusive processes with symmetric evolution operators, called Super-Time-Stepping. We show that this method can …
A Three-Dimensional Hydro-Environmental Model Of Dublin Bay, Zeinab Bedri, Michael Buen, Aodh Dowley
A Three-Dimensional Hydro-Environmental Model Of Dublin Bay, Zeinab Bedri, Michael Buen, Aodh Dowley
Articles
This paper compares a 3-dimensional hydro-ecological model with a 2-dimensional model simulating the distribution and fate of Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) discharges from a sewage treatment plant discharging into Dublin Bay, Ireland. Before being discharged, the effluent from the sewage treatment plant is mixed with cooling water from a thermal generation plant resulting in a warm buoyant sewage plume that can be 7 − 9oC higher than the ambient water in the Bay. The mixing of the stratified plume is complicated by the tidal currents which transport the plume into and out of the estuary. These processes have a direct impact …
Smooth And Peaked Solitons Of The Camassa-Holm Equation And Applications, Darryl Holm, Rossen Ivanov
Smooth And Peaked Solitons Of The Camassa-Holm Equation And Applications, Darryl Holm, Rossen Ivanov
Articles
The relations between smooth and peaked soliton solutions are reviewed for the Camassa- Holm (CH) shallow water wave equation in one spatial dimension. The canonical Hamiltonian formulation of the CH equation in action-angle variables is expressed for solitons by using the scattering data for its associated isospectral eigenvalue problem, rephrased as a Riemann- Hilbert problem. The momentum map from the action-angle scattering variables T∗(TN) to the flow momentum (X∗) provides the Eulerian representation of the N-soliton solution of CH in terms of the scattering data and squared eigenfunctions of its isospectral eigenvalue problem. The …
A Simple Ultrasensitive Displacement Sensor Based On A High Bend Loss Single-Mode Fibre And A Ratiometric Measurement System, Pengfei Wang, Gilberto Brambilla, Yuliya Semenova, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell
A Simple Ultrasensitive Displacement Sensor Based On A High Bend Loss Single-Mode Fibre And A Ratiometric Measurement System, Pengfei Wang, Gilberto Brambilla, Yuliya Semenova, Qiang Wu, Gerald Farrell
Articles
Study Of The Shrinkage Caused By Holographic Grating Formation In Acrylamide Based Photopolymer Film, Mohesh Moothanchery, Izabela Naydenova, Vincent Toal
Study Of The Shrinkage Caused By Holographic Grating Formation In Acrylamide Based Photopolymer Film, Mohesh Moothanchery, Izabela Naydenova, Vincent Toal
Articles
We study the shrinkage in acrylamide based photopolymer by measuring the Bragg detuning of transmission diffraction gratings recorded at different slant angles and at different intensities for a range of spatial frequencies. Transmission diffraction gratings of spatial frequencies 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 lines/mm were recorded in an acrylamide based photopolymer film having 60 ± 5 μm thickness. The grating thickness and the final slant angles were obtained from the angular Bragg selectivity curve and hence the shrinkage caused by holographic recording was calculated. The shrinkage of the material was evaluated for three different recording intensities 1, 5 and 10 …
Budget Allocation Formulas: Magic Or Illusion?, Roger Cross
Budget Allocation Formulas: Magic Or Illusion?, Roger Cross
Articles
Budget allocation formulas claim objectivity, and hence fairness. But factors composing the formula are limited to supply, demand, and cost. Attempts to correct for this imbalance of empirical data like usage have led to the use of weighted values in the formulas. This paper seeks to argue that assigning “weight” in a formula introduces value judgments and subjectivity, leaving only the misplaced illusion of objectivity.
Us Fda Releases Final Rule On Medical Device Data Systems:What Does This Mean For Device Manufacturers, Martin Mchugh, Fergal Mccaffery, Valentine Casey
Us Fda Releases Final Rule On Medical Device Data Systems:What Does This Mean For Device Manufacturers, Martin Mchugh, Fergal Mccaffery, Valentine Casey
Articles
On 16 April 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) final rule on medical device data systems (MDDSs) came into force. This rule attempts to remove the uncertainty surrounding the safety classification of certain information technology systems used in healthcare. Devices that now meet the criteria of being an MDDS are classified as Class I (general controls). However, this final ruling explicitly precludes specific software applications that meet the definition of an MDDS, such as electronic health record applications and computerised physician order entry applications, as being beyond the scope of an MDDS. Similarly, ambiguity still remains surrounding mobile …
Willpower Taxes, Lee Anne Fennell
Willpower Taxes, Lee Anne Fennell
Articles
Self-control and related concepts appear regularly in tax discussions, but often they are invoked hazily or blurred together with other aspects of choice over time. Despite the evident relevance of willpower to consumption patterns, wealth accumulation, and, ultimately, well-being, there is no consensus about whether and how heterogeneity along this dimension should factor into tax policy. There is support in the tax literature for such divergent responses as funneling more resources to low-willpower people, penalizing them for their lapses, and limiting their choices. Whether we should follow one of these approaches, or some other approach entirely, requires a careful analysis …
Can The Use Of Clickers Or Continous Assessment Motivate Critical Thinking?: A Case Study Based On Corporate Finance Students, Lucia Morales
Can The Use Of Clickers Or Continous Assessment Motivate Critical Thinking?: A Case Study Based On Corporate Finance Students, Lucia Morales
Articles
This study explores the use of clickers as a tool to support, encourage and motivate critical thinking in higher education students. A case study was carried out with a cohort of undergraduate students undertaking the BSc. in Accounting and Finance during the academic year 2009/10, were corporate finance was a major component. Since the students in this sample had previously demonstrated passivity during their corporate finance classes, it was proposed that clickers would help motivate them to participate during face to face sessions. Previous research on the use of clickers shows evidence that this tool has a positive effect on …
Studies Of Shrinkage As A Result Of Holographic Recording In Acrylamide Based Photopolymer Film, Mohesh Moothanchery, Izabela Naydenova, Vincent Toal
Studies Of Shrinkage As A Result Of Holographic Recording In Acrylamide Based Photopolymer Film, Mohesh Moothanchery, Izabela Naydenova, Vincent Toal
Articles
We studied the shrinkage in acrylamide-basedphotopolymer by measuring the Bragg detuning of transmission diffraction gratings recorded at different slant angles and at different intensities. Transmission diffraction gratings of spatial frequency 1000 lines/mm were recorded in an acrylamide-based photopolymer film having 60 ± 5 μm thickness. We have obtained the grating thickness and the final slant angles from the Bragg curve and hence calculated the shrinkage caused by holographic recording. The shrinkage of the material was evaluated for three different recording intensities 1, 5 and 10 mW/cm2, while the total exposure energy was kept constant at 80 mJ/cm2. From the experimental …
Optimisation Of Accelerated Solvent Extraction Of Antioxidant Compounds From Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.), Marjoram (Origanum Majorana L.) And Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L.) Using Response Surface Methodology, M. Hossain, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, N. Brunton
Optimisation Of Accelerated Solvent Extraction Of Antioxidant Compounds From Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.), Marjoram (Origanum Majorana L.) And Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L.) Using Response Surface Methodology, M. Hossain, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Ana Belen Martin-Diana, N. Brunton
Articles
The present study optimised the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) conditions (Dionex ASE® 200, USA) to maximise the antioxidant capacity of the extracts from three spices of Lamiaceae family; rosemary, oregano and marjoram. Optimised conditions with regard to extraction temperature (66–129 °C) and solvent concentration (32–88% methanol) were identified using response surface methodology (RSM). For all three spices results showed that 129 °C was the optimum temperature in order to obtain extracts with high antioxidant activity. Optimal methanol concentrations with respect to the antioxidant activity of rosemary and marjoram extracts were 56% and 57% respectively. Oregano showed a different response to …
Some Experiences, Thoughts, Ideas And Open Questions Relating To Applied Thermodynamics, Jim Mcgovern
Some Experiences, Thoughts, Ideas And Open Questions Relating To Applied Thermodynamics, Jim Mcgovern
Articles
In this paper I present some of my thoughts and experiences relating to 'applied thermodynamics' over my career so far. I explain my interest in thermodynamics, describe some topics I have worked on, point out some questions that appear still to be open and outline some ideas for work that could be done. I describe how I was inspired to pursue the area of applied thermodynamics, with reference to a glass, opposed-piston internal combustion engine. I put my heat pump research in the late 1970s briefly into today's context. Some of my research has been in relation to compressors, which …
Embodied Emissions Abatement: A Policy Assessment Using Stochastic Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Embodied Emissions Abatement: A Policy Assessment Using Stochastic Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Articles
Policymakers traditionally focus on regulating operational energy use in buildings, ignoring other life cycle components such as embodied energy even though this may account for a significant portion of life cycle emissions. Data relating to embodied energy and emissions in buildings is limited. However, stochastic techniques can be used to estimate the distribution of such emissions from buildings. This helps policymakers identify which instruments are appropriate for achieving emissions reductions. A primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate this approach using a sample of apartment buildings in Ireland. A Monte-Carlo simulation suggests that the average probability distribution of embodied …
Synthesis And Characterization Of A Colloidal Novel Folic Acid–Β-Cyclodextrin Conjugate For Targeted Drug Delivery, Antonio Clementi, Maria Chiara Aversa, Carmelo Corsaro, Jeroen Spooren, Rosanna Stancanelli, Christine O'Connor, Mary Mcnamara, Antonino Mazzaglia
Synthesis And Characterization Of A Colloidal Novel Folic Acid–Β-Cyclodextrin Conjugate For Targeted Drug Delivery, Antonio Clementi, Maria Chiara Aversa, Carmelo Corsaro, Jeroen Spooren, Rosanna Stancanelli, Christine O'Connor, Mary Mcnamara, Antonino Mazzaglia
Articles
A novel folic acid–b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) conjugate was synthesized and preliminarily characterized by 1H NMR, ESI-MS, and MALDI-MS. 1H NMR shows the presence of a- and c-conjugates which are generated by b-CD linkage in turn with both carboxylic functions of folic acid. Moreover ROESY evidences supramolecular interactions between the benzene ring of the folic acid and the b-CD cavity. DOSY suggests that ethylenediamine derived b-CD–folic acid forms a colloidal dispersion difficult to purify from free folic acid. An analysis of self-diffusion coefficient (Ds) of the three species (a-, c-conjugates, and free folic acid) and relaxation times (T1 and T2) is reported …
Stochastic Hybrid Embodied Co2-Eq Analysis: An Application To The Irish Apartment Building Sector, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Stochastic Hybrid Embodied Co2-Eq Analysis: An Application To The Irish Apartment Building Sector, Adolf Acquaye, Aidan Duffy, Biswajit Basu
Articles
Although embodiedCO2-eq analysis has seen recent developments as evident in the establishment of the ISO14040 and 14044 LCA standards, it is recognized that due to weaknesses in gathering data on product-related emissions,embodiedCO2-eq values are probabilistic. This paper presents a stochastic analysis of hybrid embodied CO2-eq in buildings to account for this weakness in traditional methods and, by way of example, applies it to an Irish construction-sector case study. Using seven apartment buildings, 70,000 results are simulated with Monte Carlo analysis and used to derive probabilistic and cumulative embodied CO2-eq intensity distributions for apartment buildings in Ireland. A Wakeby distribution with …
Identification Of ‘Carbon Hot-Spots’ And Quantification 1 Of Ghg Intensities In The Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid Lca And Structural Path Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Thomas Wiedmann, Kuishang Feng, Robert Crawford, John Barrett, Johan Kuylenstierna, Aidan Duffy, Lenny Koh, Simon Mcqueen-Mason
Identification Of ‘Carbon Hot-Spots’ And Quantification 1 Of Ghg Intensities In The Biodiesel Supply Chain Using Hybrid Lca And Structural Path Analysis, Adolf Acquaye, Thomas Wiedmann, Kuishang Feng, Robert Crawford, John Barrett, Johan Kuylenstierna, Aidan Duffy, Lenny Koh, Simon Mcqueen-Mason
Articles
It is expected that biodiesel production in the EU will remain the dominant contributor as part of a 10% minimum binding target for biofuel in transportation fuel by 2020 within the 20% renewable energy target in the overall EU energy mix. Life cycle assessments (LCA) of biodiesel to evaluate its environmental impacts have, however, remained questionable, mainly because of the adoption of a traditional process analysis approach resulting in system boundary truncation and because of issues regarding the impacts of land use change and N2O emissions from fertiliser application. In this study, a hybrid LCA methodology is used to evaluate …
Development And Characterisation Of Integrated Microfluidics On Waveguide-Based Photonic Platforms Fabricated From Hybrid Materials, Robert Copperwhite, Mary O'Sullivan, Catherine Boothman, Arnaud Gorin, Colette Mcdonagh, Mohamed Oubaha
Development And Characterisation Of Integrated Microfluidics On Waveguide-Based Photonic Platforms Fabricated From Hybrid Materials, Robert Copperwhite, Mary O'Sullivan, Catherine Boothman, Arnaud Gorin, Colette Mcdonagh, Mohamed Oubaha
Articles
This article reports on a detailed investigation of sol–gel processed hybrid organic–inorganic materials for use in lab-on-a-chip (LoC) applications. A particular focus on this research was the implementation of integrated microfluidic circuitry in waveguide-based photonic sensing platforms. This objective is not possible using other fabrication technologies that are typically used for microfluidic platforms. Significant results on the surface characterisation of hybrid sol–gel processed materials have been obtained which highlight the ability to tune the hydrophilicity of the materials by careful adjustment of material constituents and processing conditions. A proof-of-principle microfluidic platform was designed and a fabrication process was established which …