Digital Commons Network^™

Procedural Barriers To Civil Rights Litigation And The Illusory Promise Of Equity, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

No abstract provided.

Release Of Hmgb1 In Response To Pro-Apoptotic Glioma Killing Strategies: Efficacy And Neurotoxicity, Marianela Candolfi, Kader Yagiz, David Foulad, Gabrielle Alzadeh, Matthew Tesarfreund, Akm Ghulam Muhammad, Mariana Puntel, Kurt Kroeger, Chunyan Liu, Sharon Lee, James Curtin, Gwendalyn D. King, Jonathan Lerner, Katsuaki Sato, Yohei Mineharu, Weidong Xiong, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria Castro

Articles

Purpose In preparation for a Phase I clinical trial utilizing a combined cytotoxic/immunotherapeutic strategy using adenoviruses expressing Flt3L (Ad-Flt3L) and thymidine kinase (Ad-TK) to treat glioblastoma (GBM), we tested the hypothesis that Ad-TK+GCV would be the optimal tumor killing agent in relation to efficacy and safety when compared to other pro-apoptotic approaches. Experimental Design and Results The efficacy and neurotoxicity of Ad-TK+GCV was compared with Ads encoding the pro-apoptotic cytokines (TNF-α, TRAIL, FasL), alone or in combination with Ad-Flt3L. In rats bearing small GBMs (day 4), only Ad-TK+GCV or Ad-FasL improved survival. In rats bearing large GBMs (day 9), the …

A Functional Polymorphism In The Hmgcr Promoter Affects Transcriptional Activity But Not The Risk For Alzheimer Disease In Swedish Populations., Lina Keller, Charlotte Murphy, Steve Meaney

Articles

Variations in genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis have been reported to modify the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). To date there have been few investigations into variations in genes directly involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and AD. We investigated the influence of the -911C>A polymorphism (rs3761740) in the hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) gene promoter on basal and regulated transcription, plasma cholesterol levels and the association with AD. Under in vitro conditions the A allele was found to be significantly more responsive to SREBP-2 mediated regulation than the C allele. In an age and sex matched case-control study, the genotype …

Rapid Multi-Class Multi-Residue Method For The Confirmation Of Chloramphenicol And Eleven Nitroimidazoles In Milk And Honey By Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Mark Cronly, Patrice Behan, Barry Foley, Liam Regan, Sheila Martin, Michael Doyle, Edward Malone

Articles

A confirmatory method has been developed to allow for the analysis of eleven nitroimidazoles and also chloramphenicol in milk and honey samples. These compounds are classified as A6 compounds in annex IV of council regulation 2377/90 and therefore prohibited for the use in animal husbandry. Milk samples are extracted by acetonitrile with addition of NaCl, while honey samples are first dissolved in water before a similar extraction. Honey extracts undergo a hexane wash to remove impurities. Both milk and honey extracts are evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in initial mobile phase. These are then injected onto an LC-MS/MS system and …

Letter By Harris Et Al Regarding Article, "Outcomes Of Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Intramural Hematoma, Jamie M. Pelzel

Articles

We read with interest the report by Song et al1 outlining the management of ascending aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) at the Asan Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea. This series, the largest of this life-threatening condition, demonstrated that at that institution, 84% of patients (n=85) could be treated with initial medical therapy, resulting in a mortality rate of 7.1%. These results are impressive but are observational rather than a randomized comparison of medical and surgical therapy.

Aba Criminal Justice Standards On The Treatment Of Prisoners, Margo Schlanger, Margaret C. Love, Carl Reynolds

Articles

or more than i O years, corrections professionals and others concerned about the treatment of prisoners have despaired over conditions in California's prisons. Crowding, violence, racial segregation, abysmal medical care, an obstructionist corrections union. and a state budget crisis have combined to bring the system to the point of constitutional meltdov,n. In 2008. a state appellate court found conditions of "'extreme peril to the safety of persons and property,'' and a three-judge federal court confirmed the existence of a "substantial risk to the health and safety of the men and women who work inside these prisons and the inmates housed …

The Inevitability Of Theory, Richard O. Lempert

Articles

I wrote this Article in response to an invitation to deliver the keynote address at Berkeley Law School’s Jurisprudence and Social Policy conference Building Theory Through Empirical Legal Studies. Lauren Edelman, the intellectual mother of the conference, gently brushed aside my suggestion that I present one of my own attempts to synthesize the results of empirical research to generate theory, and asked that I directly address the conference topic. I am glad that she did.

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity And Mechanism Of Action Of Novel Carbohydrate Fatty Acid Derivatives Against Staphylococcus Aureus And Mrsa, Paula Bourke, Patricia Nobmann, Julie Dunne, Gary Henehan

Articles

Aims: This study investigates the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of novel carbohydrate fatty acid (CFA) derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA).

Methods and Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the effect of CFA derivatives on lag phase were determined using a broth microdilution method. Lauric acid carbohydrate esters and corresponding ether analogs showed the greatest antimicrobial activity with MIC values between 0.04 to 0.16mmol l^-1. Leakage studies at 260nm following exposure to CFA derivatives at 4X MIC showed a significant increase in membrane permeability for all compounds, after ca. 15 minutes exposure except …

You Deserve Access To Research, David H. Carlson

Articles

An Op Ed piece in the Carbondale (IL) daily newspaper. An overview of FRPAA, the Federal Research Public Access Act, is given. Arguments are made for the legislation and support by the public.

Rainwater Harvesting And Greywater Treatment Systems For Domestic Application In Ireland, Zhe Li, Fergal Boyle, Anthony Reynolds

Articles

Water shortage has been recognised as one of the key issues facing many countries. Fortunately, there are relatively abundant water resources available in Ireland because of its plenty of rainfall. However, Ireland will inevitably encounter water shortage in the future, especially in urban areas. The water consumption per capita per day in Ireland is one of the highest in Europe. The water demand is still increasing due to population growth and higher standard of living. The use of domestic rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment systems has the potential to supply nearly 94% of domestic water in Irish households. The utilisation …

The Institutional Dynamics Of Transition Relief, Jonathan Masur, Jonathan Remy Nash

Articles

Whether and how to provide transition relief from a change in legal regime is a question of critical importance. Legislatures and agencies effect changes to the law constantly, and affected private actors often seek relief from those changes, at least in the short term. Scholarship on transition relief therefore has focused almost entirely on examining when transition relief might be justified and now recognizes that there may be settings where relief from legal transitions is appropriate. Yet largely absent from these treatments is an answer to the question of which institutional actor is best positioned to decide when legal transition …

Modification Of Water Application Uniformity Among Closed Circuit Trickle Irrigation Systems, Hani A.-G. Mansour, Mohamed Yousif Tayel, Mohamed A. Abd El-Hady, David A. Lightfoot, Abdel-Ghany Mohamed El-Gindy

Articles

The aim of this research was determine the ma- ximum application uniformity of closed circuit trickle irrigation systems designs. Laboratory tests carried out for Two types of closed circuits: a) One manifold for lateral lines or Closed cir-cuits with One Manifold of Trikle Irrigation Sys-tem (COMTIS); b) Closed circuits with Two Manifolds of Trikle Irrigation System (CTMTIS), and c) Traditional Trikle Irrigation System (TTIS) as a control. Three lengths of lateral lines were used, 40, 60, and 80 meters. PE tubes lateral lines: 16 mm diameter; 30 cm emitters distance, and GR built-in emitters 4 lph when operating pressure 1 …

Augmentation Of Macular Pigment Following Supplementation With All Three Macular Carotenoids: An Exploratory Study, Eithne Connolly, Stephen Beatty, David Thurnham, James Loughman, Alan Howard, Jim Stack, John Nolan

Articles

Purpose:At the macula, the carotenoids meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), lutein (L), and zeaxanthin (Z) are collectively referred to as macular pigment (MP). This study was designed to measure serum and macular responses to a macular carotenoid formulation. Materials and Methods:Ten subjects were recruited into this study (five normal and five with early age-related macular degeneration [AMD]). Subjects were instructed to consume a formulation containing 7.3mg of MZ, 3.7mg of L, and 0.8mg of Z everyday over an eight-week period. The spatial profile of MP optical density (i.e., MPOD at 0.25°, 0.5°, 1°, and 1.75°) was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry, and …

Adr In Labor And Employment Law During The Past Quarter Century, Theodore J. St. Antoine

Articles

Two events can serve as bookends for alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in labor and employment law during the past quarter century. The first was the 1991 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Gilmer v. Interstate/Johnson Lane Corp. The Court approved so-called "mandatory arbitration" by holding that an individual stockbroker was bound by a contract with the New York Stock Exchange to arbitrate a claim of age discrimination against his employer, rather than take the case to court. The second event, or set of events, is the current consideration by Congress of the proposed Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA) and Arbitration Fairness …

A Study Of The Physicochemical And Sensory Properties Of Organic And Conventional Potatoes (Solanum Tuberosum) Before And After Baking, Catherine Barry-Ryan, Roisin Burke, Clare Gilsenan

Articles

The objective of this study was to investigate if there were any differences in the physicochemical and sensory properties of organic and conventional potatoes (cv. Orla). The conventional potatoes had a lower dry matter content (P < 0.05) and a slightly softer texture (P V 0.05) than the organic potatoes. The trained panel perceived the conventional baked potato to be slightly softer, less adhesive and wetter than the organic baked potato (P

Marine Current Energy Devices: Current Status And Possible Future Applications In Ireland, Fergal O'Rourke, Fergal Boyle, Anthony Reynolds

Articles

There is a growing demand for the use of renewable energy technologies to generate electricity due to concerns over climate change. The oceans provide a huge potential resource of energy. Energy extraction using marine current energy devices (MCEDs) offers a sustainable alternative to conventional sources and a predictable alternative to other renewable energy technologies. A MCED utilises the kinetic energy of the tides as opposed to the potential energy which is utilised by a tidal barrage. Over the past decade MCEDs have become an increasingly popular method of energy extraction. However, marine current energy technology is still not economically viable …

Reforming Health Care: The Paradoxes Of Cost, Edward A. Zelinsky

Articles

No abstract provided.

Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Phacoemulsification With And Without Correction For Posture-Related Ocular Cyclotorsion, I. Dooley, S. Charalampidou, A. Malik, G. Ormonde, James Loughman, Laura Molloy, Stephen Beatty

Articles

Purpose To report the impact of posture-related ocular cyclotorsion on one surgeon's surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) results and the variance in SIA. Setting Institute of Eye Surgery, Whitfield Clinic, Waterford, Ireland. Methods This prospective randomized controlled study included eyes that had phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Eyes were randomly assigned to have (intervention group) or not have (control group) correction for posture-related ocular cyclotorsion. In the intervention group, the clear corneal incision was placed precisely at the 120-degree meridian with instruments designed to correct posture-related ocular cyclotorsion. In the control group, the surgeon endeavored to place the incision at the …

The Relationship Between Macular Pigment And Visual Performance, James Loughman, Mukunda Akkali, Stephen Beatty, Grainne Scanlon, Peter Davison, Veronica O'Dwyer, Thomas Cantwell, Philip Major, Jim Stack, John Nolan

Articles

This study was designed to assess whether macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is associated with visual performance. One hundred and forty-two young healthy subjects were recruited. Macular pigment optical density and visual performance were assessed by psychophysical tests including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, photostress recovery time (PRT). Measures of central visual function, including BCVA and contrast sensitivity, were positively associated with MPOD (p < 0.05, for all). Photostress recovery and glare sensitivity were unrelated to MPOD (p > 0.05). A longitudinal, placebo-controlled and randomized supplementation trial will be required to ascertain whether augmentation of MPOD can influence visual performance.

An Assessment Of The Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity Of Six Species Of Edible Irish Seaweeds, Sabrina Cox, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Shilpi Gupta

Articles

Six species of edible Irish seaweeds; Laminaria digitata, Laminaria saccharina, Himanthalia elongata, Palmaria palmata, Chondrus crispus and Enteromorpha spirulina were screened for potential bioactivity. Extraction of secondary metabolites was carried out using different solvents to determine antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the dried extracts. The total phenolic contents of dried methanolic extracts were significantly different (p < 0.05). H. elongata exhibited highest phenolic content at 151.3 mg GAE/g of seaweed extract and also had the highest DPPH scavenging activity (p < 0.05) with a 50% inhibition (EC50) level at 0.125μg/ml of extract. H. elongata also had the highest total tannin and total flavonoid contents (p < 0.05) of 38.34 mg CE/g and 42.5 mg QE/g, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was determined using a microtitre method which allowed detection of bacterial growth inhibition at low levels. All methanolic seaweed extracts inhibited the food spoilage and food pathogenic bacteria tested; Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella abony, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, except C. crispus extracts. It was found that dried methanolic extracts of red and green seaweeds had significantly lower antimicrobial activity than the brown species; H. elongata had the highest antimicrobial activity with up to 100% inhibition. In the studied work, the antimicrobial activity of red and green seaweed extracts significantly increased when ethanol and acetone were used as extraction solvents (p < 0.05). Inhibition of E. faecalis with C. crispus extracts increased from 39.28 to 100% when ethanol and acetone were applied as solvents.

Breaking The Mould 5 : Comparative Simulation Of Internal Insulation Systems, Joseph Little

Articles

In the last edition of Construct Ireland ‘Breaking the Mould IV’ established the standard that should be used to evaluate thermal upgrades of single leaf walls, described steps to physically prepare the wall, explained some of the mechanisms that affect the likelihood of mould and gave criteria for judging the simulations outputs. The next step is to simulate a number of permutations of typical internal insulation systems using WUFI Pro under IS EN 15026.

Antioxidant Capacity And Polyphenol Content Of Brown Seaweeds After Heat Processing, Gaurav Rajauria, Shilpi Gupta, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Amit Jaiswal

Articles

Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are renewable living resources which are also used as food, feed and fertilizer in many parts of the world. They are able to produce a great variety of secondary metabolites characterized by a broad spectrum of biological behavior such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The effect of heat treatment was investigated on the level of bioactive compounds and changes in the overall antioxidant capacity of edible Irish brown seaweeds namely Himanthalia elongata, Laminaria saccharina and Laminaria digitata. In order to make the seaweeds safe and edible, they were heated at 85, 95, 100, 110 and 121°C …

Measuring The Success Of Bivens Litigation And Its Consequences For The Individual Liability Model, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

In Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U. S. 388 (1971), the Supreme Court held that the Federal Constitution provides a cause of action in damages for violations of the Fourth Amendment by individual federal officers. The so-called "Bivens "cause of action—initially extended to other constitutional provisions and then sharply curtailed over the past two decades—has been a subject of controversy among academics and judges since its creation. The most common criticism of Bivens—one that has been repeated in different venues for thirty years— is that the Court's individual liability model, in …

A Service-Learning Project: Disability, Access And Health Care, Elizabeth Pendo

Articles

Last summer, I was thinking about a public service project for my disability discrimination law course. I teach the course in fall, and try to incorporate a project each year. Integrating a public service project into a traditional doctrinal course fits within the trend toward expanding teaching techniques beyond the case method in order to better prepare students for the practice of law., It was also inspired in part by the Carnegie Foundation's 2007 report, "Educating Lawyers: Preparation for the Profession of Law," as a way to foster "civic professionalism," and to "[link] the interests of legal educators with the …

Platelet Alpha- And Beta- Secretase Activities Are Not Significantly Affected By Dementia Or Mild Cognitive Impairment In Swedish Patients., Paul Gorham, Natalie Bark, Ingemar Bjorkhem, Steve Meaney, Milita Crisby

Articles

The processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a critical event in the formation of amyloid plaques which are composed of the 4kDa amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Processing of APP occurs through a non-amyloidogenic pathway, mediated by initial α-secretase cleavage or through an amyloidogenic pathway via sequential cleavage by β- and γ- secretase enzymes, which produces Aβ peptides. Currently, the diagnosis of probable or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) is primarily based on neuropsychological and neuroradiological assessment. Recent reports indicate that platelet β- secretase activity is moderately increased in patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To our knowledge platelet …

Links With Canada Benefit Dit Prosthesis Research, Colm O'Kane

Articles

Colm O’Kane is a lecturer in the School of Manufacturing and Design Engineering and a member of the DIT Biomedical Device and Assistive Technology Research Group. He is currently engaged in PhD research in the field of knee prosthesis development, focused on developing optimised strategies for partial and total joint replacements used in treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. This article is an account of a research scholarship sponsored by the CHC Helicopter Corporation and awarded by the Ireland Canada University Foundation (ICUF). This foundation awards annual scholarships for research visits between Ireland and Canada with the aspiration of …

Sensitivity Of Wtp Estimates To Definition Of 'Yes': Reinterpreting Expressed Response Intensity, Mimako Kobayashi, Kimberly Rollins, M. D. R. Evans

Articles

Willingness to pay (WTP) estimation typically involves some strategy for mapping nondichotomous contingent valuation (CV) responses onto a dichotomous yes/no dependent variable. We propose a new approach to selecting which responses qualify as ‘yes.’ We apply the proposed method to polychotomous CV data for preventative land management programs in the Great Basin. We also estimate WTP using other methods of response recoding found in the literature. By contrasting the results under different approaches, we demonstrate how and why WTP point estimates vary across recoding methods and discuss the comparative advantages of our more generalized recoding approach that is based on …

What Tort Theory Tells Us About Federal Preemption: The Tragic Saga Of Wyeth V. Levine, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Mould 4 : Condensation Risk Analysis – The Standards And The Issues, Joseph Little

Articles

The ‘Breaking the Mould’ series of articles was written to explore the range of issues associated with upgrading single leaf walls with a focus on occupant and building health as much as energy, just as the Home Energy Saving Scheme was launched. A year on from the first article the need for greater understanding and clear guidance for the Industry is greater than ever. This is because the Government’s ‘Energy Demand Reduction Target’ (EDRT), under the 2006 EU ‘Energy Services Directive’, is bringing energy utilities (e.g. ESB, Bord Gáis) into the refurbishment market.

Iso-Lines And Inbred-Lines Confirmed Loci That Underlie Resistance From Cultivar ‘Hartwig’ To Three Soybean Cyst Nematode Populations, Samreen Kazi, Jeffry Shultz, Jawad Afzal, Rizwan Hashmi, Mohammed Jasim, Jason Bond, Prakash R. Arelli, David A. Lightfoot

Articles

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars varied in their resistance to different populations of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, called HG Types. The rhg1 locus on linkage group G was necessary for resistance to all HG types. However, the loci for resistance to H. glycines HG Type 1.3- (race 14) and HG Type 1.2.5- (race 2) of the soybean cyst nematode have varied in their reported locations. The aims were to compare the inheritance of resistance to three nematode HG Types in a population segregating for resistance to SCN and to identify the underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL). …