Digital Commons Network^™

On Some Edge Folkman Numbers Small And Large, Jenny M. Kaufmann, Henry J. Wickus, Stanislaw Radziszowski

Articles

Edge Folkman numbers Fe(G1, G2; k) can be viewed as a generalization of more commonly studied Ramsey numbers. Fe(G1, G2; k) is defined as the smallest order of any Kk -free graph F such that any red-blue coloring of the edges of F contains either a red G1 or a blue G2. In this note, first we discuss edge Folkman numbers involving graphs Js = Ks − e, including the results Fe(J3, Kn; n + 1) = 2n − 1, Fe(J3, Jn; n) = 2n − 1, and Fe(J3, Jn; n + 1) = 2n − 3. Our modification of …

Scrutinizing Anticompetitive State Regulations Through Constitutional And Antitrust Lenses, Daniel A. Crane

Articles

State and local regulations that anticompetitively favor certain producers to the detriment of consumers are a pervasive problem in our economy. Their existence is explicable by a variety of structural features—including asymmetry between consumer and producer interests, cost externalization, and institutional and political factors entrenching incumbent technologies. Formulating legal tools to combat such economic parochialism is challenging in the post-Lochner world, where any move toward heightened judicial review of economic regulation poses the perceived threat of a return to economic substantive due process. This Article considers and compares two potential tools for reviewing such regulations—a constitutional principle against anticompetitive parochialism …

Can Refactoring Be Self-Affirmed? An Exploratory Study On How Developers Document Their Refactoring Activities In Commit Messages, Eman Abdullah Alomar, Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer, Ali Ouni

Articles

Refactoring is a critical task in software maintenance and is usually performed to enforce best design practices, or to cope with design defects. Previous studies heavily rely on defining a set of keywords to identify refactoring commits from a list of general commits extracted from a small set of software
systems. All approaches thus far consider all commits without checking whether refactorings had actually happened or not. In this paper, we aim at exploring how developers document their refactoring activities during the software life cycle. We call such activity Self-Affirmed Refactoring, which is an indication of
the developer-related refactoring events …

An Analysis Of Altitude, Citizen Science And A Convolutional Neural Network Feedback Loop On Object Detection In Unmanned Aerial Systems, Connor Bowley, Marshall Mattingly, Andrew Barnas, Susan Ellis-Felege, Travis Desell

Articles

Using automated processes to detect wildlife in uncontrolled outdoor imagery in the field of wildlife ecology is a challenging task. In imagery provided by Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), this is especially true where individuals are small and visually similar to background substrates. To address these challenges, this work presents an automated feedback loop which can operate on large scale imagery, such as UAS generated orthomosaics, to train convo- lutional neural networks (CNNs) with extremely unbalanced class sizes. This feedback loop was used to help train CNNs using imagery classified by both expert biologists and citizen scientists at the Wildlife@home project. …

Neglecting Nationalism, Gil Seinfeld

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Federalism is a system of government that calls for the division of power between a central authority and member states. It is designed to secure benefits that flow from centralization and from devolution, as well as benefits that accrue from a simultaneous commitment to both. A student of modern American federalism, however, might have a very different impression, for significant swaths of the case law and scholarly commentary on the subject neglect the centralizing, nationalist side of the federal balance. This claim may come as a surprise, since it is obviously the case that our national government has become immensely …

Should Automakers Be Responsible For Accidents?, Kyle D. Logue

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Motor vehicles are among the most dangerous products sold anywhere. Automobiles pose a larger risk of accidental death than any other product, except perhaps opioids. Annual autocrash deaths in the United States have not been below 30,000 since the 1940s, reaching a recent peak of roughly 40,000 in 2016. And the social cost of auto crashes goes beyond deaths. Auto-accident victims who survive often incur extraordinary medical expenses. Those crash victims whose injuries render them unable to work experience lost income. Auto accidents also cause nontrivial amounts of property damage—mostly to the automobiles themselves, but also to highways, bridges, or …

The Impact Of A Training Intervention With Spatial Occlusion Goggles On Controlling And Passing A Football, Alan Dunton, Edward K. Coughlan Phd, Cian O' Neill Phd

Articles

Introduction: The current study analysed the impact of spatial occlusion training on control and pass accuracy in football. Occlusion was achieved using goggles that removed the sight of the lower limbs and football as it was projected towards the participants.

Methods: Fifteen skilled male football players were randomly assigned to one of three groups; Occlusion, Practice and Control. Participants were required to control a projected football, before passing it to one of two designated targets, while concurrently identifying a series of randomly generated numbers. Pass direction was determined by a directional arrow that accompanied each number, which coincided with the …

Equitable Gateways: Toward Expanded Federal Habeas Corpus Review Of State Court Criminal Convictions, Eve Brensike Primus

Articles

State prisoners who file federal habeas corpus petitions face a maze of procedural and substantive restrictions that effectively prevent almost all prisoners from obtaining meaningful review of their convictions. But it is a mistake to think that habeas litigation is just a Kafkaesque nightmare with no constructive potential. Federal courts do sometimes cut through the doctrinal morass to consider state prisoners’ claims, relying on what this Articleterms "equitable gateways" to federal habeas relief. Litigants and courts generally underestimate the potential these gateways offer, with the result that habeas litigation does not focus on them as often as it should. Here …

Whistleblowing In The Irish Military: The Cost Of Exposing Bullying And Sexual Harassment, John Hogan, Sharon Feeney, Grace Flynn

Articles

Whistleblowing has gained increasing media attention over the past 40 years, as incidents of abuse and wrongdoing associated with businesses, religious institutions, the media and politics have come to light. In this article, we investigate the consequences of a military whistleblower’s actions for both himself and the military institution that he was a part of. The case concerns former army officer Dr. Tom Clonan and his findings concerning the bullying and sexual harassment of female personnel in the Irish Defence Forces at the turn of the century. As these revelations came to light over 17 years ago we are able …

Analysis Of Human Mitochondrial Dna Content By Southern Blotting And Nonradioactive Probe Hybridization., Joel H Wheeler, Carolyn K J Young, Matthew J Young

Articles

A single cell can contain several thousand copies of the mitochondrial DNA genome or mtDNA. Tools for assessing mtDNA content are necessary for clinical and toxicological research, as mtDNA depletion is linked to genetic disease and drug toxicity. For instance, mtDNA depletion syndromes are typically fatal childhood disorders that are characterized by severe declines in mtDNA content in affected tissues. Mitochondrial toxicity and mtDNA depletion have also been reported in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with certain nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Further, cell culture studies have demonstrated that exposure to oxidative stress stimulates mtDNA degradation. Here we outline a Southern …

Reputation As A Disciplinarian Of International Organizations, Kristina Daugirdas

Articles

As a disciplinarian of international organizations, reputation has serious shortcomings. Even though international organizations have strong incentives to maintain a good reputation, reputational concerns will sometimes fail to spur preventive or corrective action. Organizations have multiple audiences, so efforts to preserve a “good” reputation may pull organizations in many different directions, and steps taken to preserve a good reputation will not always be salutary. Recent incidents of sexual violence by UN peacekeepers in the Central African Republic illustrate these points.

Patents, Property, And Prospectivity, Jonathan Masur, Adam Mortara

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No abstract provided.

Assessing The Empirical Upside Of Personalized Criminal Procedure, Matthew B. Kugler, Lior Strahilevitz

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No abstract provided.

Not Such A Fixed Star After All: West Virginia State Board Of Education V. Barnette, And The Changing Meaning Of The First Amendment Right Not To Speak, Genevieve Lakier

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No abstract provided.

The Living Constitution And Moral Progress: A Comment On Professor Young’S Boden Lecture, David A. Strauss

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No abstract provided.

Contracting On Litigation, Kathryn E. Spier, J.J. Prescott

Articles

Two risk-averse litigants with different subjective beliefs negotiate in the shadow of a pending trial. Through contingent contracts, the litigants can mitigate risk and/or speculate on the trial outcome. Contingent contracting decreases the settlement rate and increases the volume and costs of litigation. These contingent contracts mimic the services provided by third-party investors, including litigation funders and insurance companies. The litigants (weakly) prefer to contract with risk-neutral third parties when the capital market is transaction-cost free. However, contracting with third parties further decreases the settlement rate, increases the costs of litigation, and may increase the aggregate cost of risk bearing.

International Law And Political Philosophy: Uncovering New Linkages, Steven R. Ratner

Articles

The legal regime regulating cross-border investment gives key rights to foreign investors and places significant duties on states hosting that investment. It also raises distinctive moral questions due to its potential to constrain a state’s ability to manage its economy and protect its people. Yet international investment law remains virtually untouched as a subject of philosophical inquiry. The questions of international political morality surrounding investment rules can be mapped through the lens of two critiques of the law – that it systemically takes advantage of the global South and that it constrains the policy choices of states hosting investment. Each …

Stock Market Reactions To India's 2016 Demonetization., Vikramaditya S. Khanna, Dhammika Dharmapala

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On November 8, 2016, the Indian government made a surprise announcement that certain currency notes (representing 86 percent of the currency then in circulation) would no longer be legal tender (although they could be deposited in banks over a limited period). The stated reason for this sudden “demonetization” was to combat tax evasion and corruption associated with “unaccounted for” cash. We compute abnormal returns for different subsamples of firms—defined by industry, ownership structure, and other characteristics—on the Indian stock market around this event. There is little evidence that sectors thought to be associated with greater tax evasion or corruption experienced …

Monitoring Meaningful Activities Using Small Low-Cost Devices In A Smart Home, Jordan Tewell, Dympna O'Sullivan, Neil Maiden, James Lockerbie, Simone Stumpf

Articles

A challenge associated with an ageing population is increased demand on health and social care, creating a greater need to enable persons to live independently in their own homes. Ambient assistant living technology aims to address this by monitoring occupants’ ‘activities of daily living’ using smart home sensors to alert caregivers to abnormalities in routine tasks and deteriorations in a person’s ability to care for themselves. However, there has been less focus on using sensing technology to monitor a broader scope of so-called ‘meaningful activities’, which promote a person’s emotional, creative, intellectual, and spiritual needs. In this paper, we describe …

Manned Aircraft Versus Small Unmanned Aerial System—Forestry Remote Sensing Comparison Utilizing Lidar And Structure-From-Motion For Forest Carbon Modeling And Disturbance Detection, Michael P. Mcclelland Ii, Jan Van Aardt, Darin Hale

Articles

Sustainable forest management relies on the acquisition of timely (change detection) and accurate structural information of forest landscapes. Light detection and ranging (lidar) remote sensing platforms enable rapid, three-dimensional (3-D), structural data collection with a high spatial resolution. This study explores a functional carbon model applied to a dense, closed deciduous forest. Data are collected by manned airborne systems and unmanned aerial system, producing both lidar and structure-from-motion (SfM) 3-D mapping. A hybrid approach combining cost-effective SfM-generated data with lidar-derived digital elevation models also is explored, since the SfM fails to produce adequate terrain returns. Carbon modeling results are comparable …

An Investigation Of The Detection Capability Of Pulsed Wave Duplex Doppler Of Low Grade Stenosis Using Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubbles – An In-Vitro Study, Jacinta Browne, Deirdre King, Andrew J. Fagan, Deepa Chari, Carmel Moran

Articles

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate whether clinically used ultrasonic contrast agents improved the accuracy of spectral Doppler ultrasound in the detection of low grade (< 50%) renal artery stenosis. Low grade stenoses in the renal artery are notoriously difficult to reliably detect using Doppler ultrasound due to difficulties such as overlying fat and bowel gas.

Methods: A range of anatomically-realistic renal artery phantoms with varying low degrees of stenosis (0, 30 and 50%) were constructed and peak velocity data was measured from within the pre-stenotic and mid-stenotic regions in each phantom, for both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced spectral Doppler data acquisitions. The effect of a 20mm overlying fat layer on the ultrasound beam distortion and phase aberration, and hence on the measured peak velocity data, was also …

Financial Regulation In The (Receding) Shadow Of Antitrust, Samuel N. Weinstein

Articles

Mounting evidence that a number of key industries in the U.S. economy have become less competitive in recent years is prompting a renewed national conversation about an enhanced role for antitrust enforcement. But there are limits on the anticompetitive conduct antitrust enforcers and private plaintiffs can reach, especially in regulated markets. This is due in part to the doctrine of implied antitrust immunity: when a court perceives a conflict between the antitrust laws (e.g., the Sherman Act) and a regulatory regime (e.g., the securities laws), it may find immunity for conduct that otherwise would violate the antitrust laws. Two Supreme …

Ly379268 Does Not Have Long-Term Procognitive Effects Nor Attenuate Glutamatergic Signaling In Aβpp/Ps1 Mice., Kevin N Hascup, Jesse Britz, Caleigh Findley, Shelley Tischkau, Erin R. Hascup

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No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Students' Perceptions Of The Kekulé Resonance Representation Using A Perceptual Learning Theory Lens, Thomas Kim, Leslie Kate Wright, Kathryn Miller

Articles

Students in chemistry often demonstrate difficulty with the principle of resonance. Despite many attempts to mitigate this difficulty, there have been few attempts to examine the root cause of these issues. In this study, students were assessed for their perception of Kekulé structures based on perceptual learning theory, which is grounded in cognitive mechanisms of visual perception. The data from this assessment shows that students are perceiving inappropriate clues from this representation, which infers that the image itself might be an impediment to learning about resonance. Employment of a metarepresentational competence approach was used to address these misperceptions.

Absorption Wavebands For Discriminating Oxidation Time Of Engine Oil As Detected By Ft-Ir Spectroscopy, Ali Mazin Abdul-Munaim, Torrey Holland, Poopalasingam Sivakumar, Dennis G. Watson

Articles

Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to analyze gasoline engine oil (SAE 5W20) samples that were exposed to seven different oxidation times (0 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, 120 h, and 144 h) to determine the best wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges for the discrimination of the oxidation times. The thermal oxidation process generated oil samples with varying total base number (TBN) levels. Each wavenumber (400–3900 cm􀀀1) and wavenumber ranges identified from the literature and this study were statistically analyzed to determine which wavenumbers and wavenumber ranges could discriminate among all oxidation times. Linear regression was used …

Residents As Destination Advocates: The Role Of Attraction Familiarity On Destination Image, Muhammet Kesgin, Rajendran S. Murthy, Linden Pohland

Articles

Purpose – Emphasizing the role of residents as destination advocates, this study investigates the influence of residents’ familiarity with, and, favorability of attractions on destination image. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed methods research strategy was employed using fifteen individual in-depth interviews and a survey questionnaire with a sample of N=364. The study utilizes an attraction familiarity index to classify respondents into four groups based on high, average, and low familiarity and examines the characteristics of each in the relationship between informational familiarity, experiential familiarity, and favorability and destination image. Findings – The study reveals resident perceptions of attractions within the tourism …

The Impact Of Spatial Occlusion Goggles On The Basketball Crossover Dribble, Alan Dunton, Cian O' Neill Phd, Edward K. Coughlan Phd

Articles

Spatial occlusion involves removing specific sources of visual information such as an object, limb or other information from the visuomotor workspace. In the sports context, limiting an athlete’s visual system to sub-optimal conditions during complex motor skills such as the basketball dribble may be detrimental to performance. However, when normal visual conditions are returned performance may rise above its previous threshold, as athletes then rely less on visual information. In this study, we randomly assigned skilled basketball players into three groups; spatial occlusion (SPO), practice (PRA) and control (CON) and asked participants to execute a basketball crossover dribble task in …

Racial Equity In Algorithmic Criminal Justice, Aziz Huq

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No abstract provided.

Segregation By Citizenship, Emma Kaufman

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No abstract provided.

A Framework For The New Personalization Of Law, Anthony Casey, Anthony Niblett

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No abstract provided.