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The Usefulness Of 4-H Project Manual As Seen By Members Parents And Adult Leaders In Cache County, Vichit Viasayanunt

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study was to survey the usefulness of the 4-H members' project manual according to the opinions of members, parents, and adult leaders in Cache County, State of Utah.

Two USU Extension Agents, 140 4-H members, 119 parents, and 30 leaders cooperated in this survey. A separate questionnaire accompanied by a cover letter by the Extension Agents and a letter of explanation by the author was sent to each person in the three categories mentioned. Questionnaires were mailed to 200 4-H male members, 190 parents and 46 adult leaders. Evaluation of the usefulness of the manuals …

An Economic Analysis Of Feeding Steers Versus Heifers, Duane Sorensen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The question of which sex of cattle to feed is a basic economic decision which must be made by feeders. An economic analysis of costs and returns associated with feeding steers in comparison to heifers would give feeders some assistance in making this decision.

The objectives of this study were to make an economic analysis of feeding a pen of steers and a pen of heifers in a feedlot, then determine the break- even prices for feeder cattle which would make the feeder indifferent to whether he fed steers or heifers , and finally to develop a decision model that …

Reproduction And Hematology Of The Cache Elk Herd, Thomas B. Follis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The initial three years of a 10-year reproductive study of elk involved three major phases. A fourth was added because of convenience. Objective 1 was to ascertain pregnancy rates in yearling and mature elk by rectal palpation, associate these rates with subsequent fall cow/calf ratios, and to test concurrently an ultrasonic fetal heart detector. Rectally observed anatomical changes in gravid uteri of cattle were directly applicable to elk. Ultrasonic detections of pregnancies in elk and deer were unsuccessful.

Pregnancy rates in the 1969-70 winter of 100 and 0 percent, respectively, for 19 adult and five yearling elk were associated with …

The Development Of Career Activities For Fourth Grade Students, Barbara P. M. Southwick

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Today's youth have few real contacts with the work world and have little knowledge of what is expected from them. Many grade school youngsters are not aware of the type of work their parents are doing. Some do not even know where their parents work. It is difficult for most elementary students to see the relationship between their present school activities and their future life. And all too often, students can not express personal goals or plans.

As students become more aware of the world of work, they should be better prepared to enter it and they should also develop …

Ecology Of Aroga Websteri Clarke In Curlew Valley, Utah-Idaho, Reed L. Kirkland

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The ecology, life history, and population dynamics of the sagebrush defoliator, Aroga websteri Clarke, were studied in the field and laboratory. The defoliator has one generation a year at the Curlew Valley site. It overwintered in the egg stage and passed through five larval instars. Ten parasite species attacked the defoliator at the study site. Four species, Orgilus ferus, Phaeogenes sp., Spilochalcis leptis, and Apanteles cacoeciae, contributed over 75 percent of the total incidence of parasitism. Parasitism ranged from 20 to 76 percent in 1971, but only ranged from 6 to 29 percent in 1972. This decrease …

Early Life History Of The Mountain Whitefish Prosopium Williamsoni (Girard) In The Logan River, Utah, Lawrence Guy Brown

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Growth and food habits of 399 Age 0 mountain whitefish from the Logan River, Utah, were studied between March, 1970, and April, 1971. At the end of their first six months of life, whitefish were 86-96 mm total length and weighed 6-8 grams (wet). Total temperature experience was 2,950-3,430 degree-days above 32° F. The length-weight relationship for Age 0 mountain whitefish was best described by three stanzas with slopes of 4.3333 for fish 12.5-17.0 mm total length, 3.4437 for fish 17.0-55.0 mm total length, and 2.8043 for fish 50.0-112.0 mm total length. Scalation commenced at 30-35 mm total length and …

Limitation Studies Of Seed Set In The Onion Allium Cepa L. (Liliaceae), Nizar Shukri Shasha'a

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Two field experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, 13 variables were studied for 3 inbred groups as influenced by genetic differences, source of pollen, soil moisture, fertilizers, and size of bulbs. Path-coefficient analysis was made of various insect pollinators influencing seed yield in different inbreds, and of components of seed production in all inbreds together. In the second experiment, 4 variables were studied for one male-sterile inbred and one male-fertile inbred as influenced by soil moisture and fertilizers.

Genetic differences among inbreds were the most important source of variation in seed yields. This points out that a major …

The Effects Of Dcpa And Trifluralin On Northern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Hapla Chitwood) Infection Of Selected Vegetables, Rulon Kent Romney

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The interaction of herbicides and Northern root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) on onions and beans was studied in the greenhouse. Seeds of onions (Allium cepa L.) were planted in soil treated with different levels of dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA). Seeds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were planted in soil treated with different levels of DCPA or α, α, α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin). Seedlings were inoculated with root-knot nematode larvae after 2 week's growth.

DCPA reduced root and shoot growth on onions but did not significantly affect bean growth. Trifluralin significantly reduced root and shoot …

The Influence Of Atmospheric Dust And Foliar Leachates On The Chemical Quality Of Throughfall In Northern Utah, Dennis R. Parent

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In the summer of 1971 a research project was carried out in an attempt to determine the influence of dust and leachates on rainfall quality. Open precipitation collectors, collectors under polyethylene screens, collectors under Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and juniper (Juniperus scopulorum), and leaf analyses were used to determine the relative effects of these two processes by which chemicals are incorporated into the rainwater. All samples were analyzed for sodium (Na⁺), calcium (Ca⁺⁺), magnesium (Mg⁺⁺), potassium (K⁺), and available phosphorus. Under the trees, sodium concentrations increased as much as …

Impact On Rural Incomes Of Improved Water Management Practices In Milagro County, Ecuador, Phillip H. Lloyd

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Farm budgets based on survey data a reused to calculate the net revenue for average irrigated and unirrigated farms for four tenure classes on the Milagro irrigation project, Ecuador. Differences in net revenues between irrigated and unirrigated farms within each tenure class are assumed to be the return to investment in irrigation capital, assuming homogeneity of all other production factors.

The internal rate of return is calculated on investment in irrigation capital assuming returns to such an investment are the difference in net revenues between irrigated and unirrigated farms. Investment in such capital is found to be highly profitable assuming …

Host-Parasite Relationship Studies Of The Larval Alfalfa Weevil And The Ichneumonid Parasite Bathyplectes Curculionis (Thomson), Yeboa A. Duodu

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The parasitic effects of the ichneumonid Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) on the larval alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), were studied.

Results of experiments on the rates of parasitism of the four host larval instars indicated that the first three are either preferred by the parasite over the fourth instar larvae or are more susceptible to the parasite's attack. Survival of the younger weevil larvae after their exposure to female parasites was markedly poorer than that of unparasitized larvae. Premature death of host larvae was probably from both the puncturing by the parasite's ovipositor and the feeding and other activities of parasite …

The Energy Expenditure In Comparison Of The Universal Gym And Olympic Weights, Ted A. Zimmerman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether more energy is expended on the Universal Gym or on the Olympic Weights. Ten male volunteer students between the ages of 18 and 24 in a beginning weight training class were used for subjects. The test periods included a pre-test and a post-test. The subjects performed the military press and curls on both apparatuses. The expired air was collected in a Douglas bag; then, gas samples were taken from the bag and were analyzed for oxygen and carbon dioxide percentages. The respiratory quotient was determined from the volume of expired air …

Xanthium Strumarium L.: Extraction And Assay Of Floral Promotive Principles And Additional Investigations Into Inhibition Of Flowering, David D. Gibby

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

New techniques in extraction and assay of florigenic substances were tested. Initial response to the buffer-PVP extracts proved promising, but after several successful experiments, results could not be duplicated. Possible reasons for the failure are discussed.

A long-day inhibitory effect, demonstrated earlier by Gibby and Salisbury (25), was further investigated. Experiments with ¹⁴C-labled assimilates disproved the hypothesis that the inhibition is a result of assimilate translocation. Other experiments pointed to the probability of phytochrome involvement as well as protein synthesis as part of the inhibitory process. The nature of inhibition was ascribed to a localized inhibitory condition, probably a …

Effects Of Six Herbicides On Three Common Fresh Water Algae, Mridulika Virmani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Six herbicides (diuron, karbutilate, propham, chloropropham, atrazine and simazine) were tested for their effects on Chlorocuccum hypnosporum, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Anabaena sp. Experiments were conducted to determine minimum lethal dosages, algicidal versus algistatic concentrations and the uptake of ¹⁴CO₂ fixation by diuron containing cultures, as well as the uptake of radioactive diuron.

All three investigated species have shown a high degree of sensitivity to diuron at or below 1 ppm. Karbutilate was found to inhibit the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Anabaena sp. at lower concentrations than were required in the case of Chlorococcum hypnosporum.

Chloropropham …

The Action Of Antibiotics And Antimetabolites On The Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection Process In Bean Leaves, Virendra Nayyar

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The action of 28 antibiotics and antimetabolites at varying concentrations was studied in coincidence with the bioassay of tobacco mosaic virus on detached bean leaves by using an ultrasonic method of inoculation developed by Lamborn, Cochran and Chidester.¹ All tested chemicals were classified, in regard to the virus infection process, as inhibitory or stimulatory and their optimal concentrations in the inoculum were determined. Of the 28 antibiotics and antimetabolites studied, eight were found to stimulate while twenty inhibited TMV infection in bean leaves. From the results of these experiments, an attempt was made to characterize the nature of the …

Xenobiotic Detoxication Potential And Drug Induced Changes In Carbaryl Toxicity In The Alfalfa Leafcutter Bee, Megachile Rotundata (Febricius), Richard M. Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata, one of the most important pollinators of alfalfa, generally became more susceptible to carbaryl as the adults aged. LD₅₀ values for carbaryl toxicity were 240,166, 109, and 51 μg carbaryl/gram for the 1, 2, 3, and 4 days-old adult male bees. For the female bees, these were 245 , 551, 289, and 262 μg car-baryl/ gram. Lipid content and microsomal enzyme activity (measured by EPN detoxication in vitro) decreased in both sexes as the bees aged.

Synergist ratios, defined as the ratio of the LD₅₀ of carbaryl alone …

Antibody Production Of Rats Fed Diets Of Varying Nutrient Density, Radharukmani

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Available evidence indicated that the deficiency of a specific nutrient in the diets adversely affect antibody production from a mild to severe degree. Studies of the effects of diet partially deficient in various essential nutrients on antibody response is meagre.

Twelve groups of weanling rats were fed with diets prepared by diluting the basal diet with 0 to 75 percent sucrose for 46 days and their antibody response was measured on the 28th, 40th and 46th day using Salmonella pullorum as the antigen. The rats fed the diet containing 75 percent sucrose and 25 percent basal diet had mean antibody …

Investigation Of Urolithiasis Occurring In Hatchery-Reared Trout In Utah, Ernest H. Dean Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The urolithiasis condition investigated occurred at a "hard water" hatchery in Utah after the trout were changed from a meat diet to a commercial pelleted fish feed as a sole sustaining diet in 1961. Numerous diet modifications proved unsuccessful in preventing urolithiasis at the hatchery. It was eventually determined that different commercial diets resulted in varied percentages of trout developing urolithiasis. The urolithic deposits found in the kidney tubules were amorphous and composed of calcium phosphate (apatite) and an organic matrix. Bacterial contamination of the kidneys was not an important factor in the formation of urolithiasis. Rainbow trout containing urolithic …

Effects Of Water Quality On Physico-Chemical And Organoleptic Characteristics Of Selected Canned Fruits And Vegetables, Anita Kay Wilson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effect of processing water quality, specifically calcium and magnesium salt content (0-500 mg/1) and the addition of chelating agents (0-250 mg/1 of aminopolycarboxylic acids, polyphosphates, hydroxycarboxylic acids or phytates), upon physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of canned Jonathan and Delicious apple slices, Montmorency cherries and Blue Lake green beans was investigated.

Physical determinations: shear values, turbidity of syrup or brine measured via light transmittance, Hunter color and color difference meter readings and internal can corrosion; chemical composition: pectin as calcium pectate, volatile reducing substances, total acidity, pigment determinations, nitrate-nitrogen values; and sensory measurements: texture, shape, flavor, aroma, color value and …

The Coalville Deer Herd In Northeastern Utah: Its Ecology And Management, Gary L. Hickman

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The primary objective of this study on the Coalville Deer Management Unit adjacent to the corner of Wyoming in Utah was to determine the condition of the deer herd in relation to its range and population characteristics.

Postseason doe-fawn ratio was 100:77, while an adjusted doe-fawn ratio accounting for the unproductive female yearling segment was 100:105. The approximate net-productivity for 1964 was 44 percent compared to 27 percent in 1965. In 1964-65, the average age-class mortality rate for the male and female segments was 45 and 35 percent respectively. Preseason and postseason sex ratios were 64:100 and 60:100 respectively.

Mature …

Ecology Of The Morgan Creek And East Fork Of The Salmon River Bighorn Sheep Herds And Management Of Bighorn Sheep In Idaho, James K. Morgan

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

An ecological study on the Morgan Creek and the East Fork of the Salmon River, Idaho, Bighorn Sheep herds was conducted from July 1, 1966 to February 28, 1970.

The Morgan Creek population numbered about 100 animals upon termination of the study. The trend of this population was downward. The East Fork population numbered about 50 animals and the trend appeared to be stable or slightly downward.

Productivity of both herds was low. Lamb mortality was high and recruitment to the breeding herd low. Low recruitment rates coupled with hunting pressure caused a decline in the ram component of both …

Hydraulics Of Waste Stabilization Ponds And Its Influence On Treatment Efficiency, Kenneth A. Mangelson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The treatment efficiency of waste stabilization ponds depends on many factors, the most important of which are generally presumed to be the biological factors such as the type of waste and the organic loading. However, the biological activity in a pond is greatly influenced by the environmental conditions of temperature, wind, sunlight, and the hydraulic flow patterns. In the past little attention has been given to the hydraulic characteristics of waste stabilization ponds. Specifically, little consideration has been given to the gross flow patterns within stabilization ponds as affected by the shape of the pond or lagoon, the presence of …

The Self-Concept And Self-Actualization Of University Faculty In Relation To Student Perceptions Of Effective Teaching, A. Paul King

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between student ratings of university instructors and instructors' self-concept and self-actualization. During the academic year 1970-71, students rated faculty members teaching undergraduate courses from the "Illinois Course Evaluation Questionnaire", Instructors rated high or in the top three deciles were defined in this study as "good" or "effective" teachers, and those rated low or in the lower three deciles were defined as "poor" or "ineffective" instructors. Sixty-eight percent or 118 of the instructors in these categories submitted to two psychological tests--the "Index of Adjustment and Values" and the …

The Effects And Desirability Of Utilizing Dried Whey In Selected Food Products, Katherine P. Robinson

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The effects and desirability of utilizing dried whey in pie crust, muffins, and beef gravies were studied using taste panel evaluations and objective testings.

In pastry the addition of whey caused significant changes. As the whey level increased to 10 percent of the flour weight, the crust became browner during baking and the shortometer recorded an increase in tenderness. The taste panel noted as whey levels increased to 10 percent and above that the color became yellow instead of creamy white; the flavor became undesirable; and pastry became less tender and flaky.

Whey significantly increased the desirability of muffins by …

The Production Of Acceptable Baked Products In The Electronic Oven, Lois Irene Knudsen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose was to find the adjustments needed to make acceptable pies, cookies and muffins baked in the electronic oven. The products were evaluated by a taste panel and by objective tests. The results of both tests supported each other.

The best bottom pie crust had an extra tablespoon of liquid added to the pastry and was precooked before the filling was added. It was both flaky and tender.

No leavening and one-fourth more liquid produced the most acceptable cookies. They were more like standard cookie in height, texture, moisture and tenderness.

It was found that one-half the amount of …

Eating Quality Of Beef: Influence Of Cooking Method; Sires; Mineral (Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, And P), Lipid, And Nitrogen Content, Elisabeth E. Ream

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The influence on eating quality of beef of cooking method, sires, mineral (Fe, Mg, Zn, Na, K, and P), lipid, and nitrogen content was determined by objective measurements, sensory evaluations, cooking losses, and chemical analysis. Two adjacent arm and two adjacent rib roasts from 18 Herford animals were used. The arm and rib (sixth to eighth ribs) roasts were deboned, cut in half, and randomly assigned to the conventional or electronic ovens for dry roasting to the medium-rare stage (145 F, 147 F). Roasts of the ninth to twelfth ribs were dry-roasted in a meat research oven at 325 F …

The Influence Of Various Energy Sources On Microbial Protein Synthesis From Biuret As Determined By Artificial Rumen Fermentation, Jenny Eggleston

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Barley, cornstarch, crested wheatgrass, glucose, molasses and solka floc were fermented with rumen fluid obtained from sheep that were adapted or unadapted to feed grade biuret (Kedlor) in their diet. Each rumen fluid and substrate combination was subjected to three nitrogen treatments: (1) control, (2) nitrogen added as feed grade biuret and (3) reagent grade biuret in a factoral arrangement of treatments. In vitro fermentations were terminated at 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours and the protein nitrogen insoluble in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was determined.

Molasses and cornstarch fermentation residues increased while barley, crested wheatgrass, glucose and solka floc decreased …

A Procedure For Measuring Residual Rennin Activity In Whey And Curd From Freshly Coagulated Milk, Jorge Reyes

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A procedure was developed for measuring residual rennin activity in curd extracts and whey. A sensitive substrate at pH 5.8 was prepared by mixing 6 grams of low-heat nonfat dry milk in 500 milliliters buffer containing 0.05 molar cacodylic acid, 0.02 molar calcium chloride, and 0.012 molar triethanolamine, and storing it at 2 degrees centigrade for 18 hours. Two milliliters of whey or curd extract were inoculated into 25 milliliters of substrate at 30 degrees centigrade. The coagulation time was measured and compared to that induced by 2 milliliters of a known rennin concentration added at the same time to …

Effects Of Controlled Atmosphere Storage On Quality And Certain Physiological Characteristics Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L., Cultivar "Great Lakes"), Christopher Chi-Chuen Yang

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lettuce heads (Cultivar "Great Lakes") were stored in different concentrations of O₂ and CO₂, including 1 percent O₂ and 1 percent CO₂, 2.5 percent O₂ and 2.5 percent CO₂, 5 percent O₂ and 0 percent CO₂, and 5 percent O₂ and 5 percent CO₂; temperatures of 35 and 70 F; and with or without microbe- and senescence-inhibiting chemicals and packaging. The samples were taken on the twentieth and fortieth days in the first series of experiments; and in the subsequent experiments, on the fifteenth, thirtieth, …

Factors Affecting The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Capable Of Producing Enterotoxins A, B, C And D In Sterile Milk, Manoj A. Divatia

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Growth and enterotoxin production by Staphylococcus aureus strains, in the presence of different starter [2:1 (V/V) blend of AM₂:ML₈ strains of Streptococcus lactis] levels was investigated. Sterile, 10 per cent non-fat dry milk was inoculated with S. aureus strains capable of producing all types of enterotoxins, and reduced levels of starters; and was incubated at 32 C for 24 hours. The pH and S. aureus population were determined at 2 hour intervals until 8 hours and at 24 hours. The inhibitory response of lactic streptococci was studied by spot-tests on a lawn of S. aureus strains. …