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Impact Of Site Development Techniques In The Soft Tissue Height On Single Implant Supported Prosthesis In The Anterior Maxilla, Juan Francisco Pardo Jan 2011

Impact Of Site Development Techniques In The Soft Tissue Height On Single Implant Supported Prosthesis In The Anterior Maxilla, Juan Francisco Pardo

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Background: Implant placement should be based on a restoration-oriented treatment plan with correct three-dimensional positioning to allow optimal support and stability of surrounding hard and soft tissues. After tooth extraction the alveolus remodels producing changes in the soft tissues contours. This may translate into the inability to place the implant or in a non-esthetic restoration. In contemporary esthetic implant dentistry, the main objective is to maintain the socket dimensions and soft tissue contours to allow ideal implant placement and to provide a harmonious restoration. Objective: To evaluate if socket grafting with FDBA with or without PRP or rhPDGF in site …

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The Effects Of Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, Toral Rohit Patel Jan 2011

The Effects Of Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, Toral Rohit Patel

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, including the United States. Atherosclerosis remains the primary cause of CAD, and is a leading target for drug treatments. Despite advances in treatments, many questions remain unanswered pertaining to the mechanisms of the treatments on inflammation and oxidative stress. We hypothesize that peptides 4F and Ac-hE18A-NH2 act as anti-inflammatory factors and reduce oxidative stress. We also hypothesize that these peptides require apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) to increase paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity. The effects of administering peptides 4F and Ac-hE18A-NH2 on oxidative stress were evaluated through the analysis of plasma from apoA-I-null …

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Which Components Of Joint Attention Are Critical For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders To Learn New Words?, Dana Smith Jan 2011

Which Components Of Joint Attention Are Critical For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders To Learn New Words?, Dana Smith

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Though established that language deficits comprise a core element of a definitive autism diagnosis, relatively less research has been conducted to understand the bases for impaired language abilities as compared to understanding the social deficits associated with the disorder. Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have impoverished joint attention (JA) abilities, evidenced by their relative difficulty both in initiating bids for JA as well as responding to them. Once accepted that JA was crucial in lexical development in typically developing (TD) children, recent trends have diverged from this perspective, shedding light on JA's role in lexical development in an …

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Ultrasound Elasticity Measurements As A Predictor For Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation, Anna Sorace Jan 2011

Ultrasound Elasticity Measurements As A Predictor For Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation, Anna Sorace

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This research thesis examines the applicability of using ultrasound imaging to quantify arterial elasticity and assess potential of arteriovenous fistula maturation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Tissue-specific abnormalities have proven useful for identifying disease states within oncology, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal system. Using ultrasound-based imaging to evaluate arterial elasticity is a noninvasive and novel technique. It has the potential to contribute further insight into chronic kidney disease fistula failure and become a noninvasive prognostic indicator. Reliable vascular access is critical for delivery of adequate hemodialysis treatment to CKD patients and to maintain long-term connections for dialysis. An arteriovenous fistula is …

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Molecular Piracy In The Mobilization Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenicity Island 1, Michael Spilman Jan 2011

Molecular Piracy In The Mobilization Of Staphylococcus Aureus Pathogenicity Island 1, Michael Spilman

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Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage 80α is a temperate, double-stranded DNA phage that serves as a "helper" phage for the mobilization of several S. aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs), including SaPI1. When mobilized by 80α, SaPI1 genomes are packaged into smaller phage-like transducing particles composed of 80α capsid (gp47), scaffolding (gp46) and portal (gp42) proteins. In this dissertation, I utilize electron microscopy and biochemistry to tease apart the structural and genetic controls and consequences of SaPI1 as a molecular pirate. More specifically, I show that two SaPI1 proteins shift assembly from 63-nm, T = 7 icosahedral capsids to 47-nm, T = 4 capsids, …

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Calcium Dynamics Of Glial Cells And Genetic Influences On Behavior Of The Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Randy Franklin Stout Jan 2011

Calcium Dynamics Of Glial Cells And Genetic Influences On Behavior Of The Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans, Randy Franklin Stout

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A major challenge in neuroscience is understanding how the different neural cell types work together to process information and produce a behavioral output. Glial cells of the human brain have long been thought to act as support for the fundamental cell to cell communication at the core of cognition: neuronal synaptic communication. Research over the past several decades measuring glial activity and experimentally controlling glial cells in rodent model systems has shown that the two macroglia sub-types of glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) have active roles in establishment, maintenance, and modulation of synaptic communication in the mammalian brain. Much of …

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Protective Factors Against Relapse For Practicing Nurse Anesthetists In Recovery From Anesthetic Opiates, Elizabeth Laura Wright Jan 2011

Protective Factors Against Relapse For Practicing Nurse Anesthetists In Recovery From Anesthetic Opiates, Elizabeth Laura Wright

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Introduction: Addiction to anesthetic opiates is an occupational hazard for anesthesia providers, which includes nurse anesthetists. Several factors influence this hazard risk, including, genetic make-up, personality traits, and job stress. Also of great concern is the risk of relapse if an anesthesia provider returns to work, which can be as high as 40%. However, there are nurse anesthetists who have successfully returned to the practice of anesthesia while in recovery from addiction to anesthetic opiates. These nurse anesthetists have first-hand experience with the challenges of recovery when faced with continual access to opiates, and their experience can help others in …

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Role Of Vdr In Host Immune Response To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection, Gulam Yezdani Jan 2011

Role Of Vdr In Host Immune Response To Porphyromonas Gingivalis Infection, Gulam Yezdani

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the etiologic factors of periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and the subsequent loss of alveolar bone. Epidemiological and genetic studies have indicated an association between periodontal disease and the vitamin D system. However, little is known regarding how vitamin D signaling regulates the inflammatory immune process of this disease. The purpose of the study was to understand the role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in regulating the host response to P. gingivalis infection by using a dual chamber mouse model. These chambers served both as …

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Biological, Ecological, And Conservational Implications Of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination In Sea Turtle Populations, Jennifer Estes Layton Jan 2011

Biological, Ecological, And Conservational Implications Of Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination In Sea Turtle Populations, Jennifer Estes Layton

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Various aspects of TSD were examined in two different sea turtle populations, representing two sea turtle species. Sex ratio was examined in the juvenile portion of the loggerhead sea turtle population in the southeastern U.S. Turtles were captured in the intake channel of the St. Lucie Nuclear Power plant on the central Atlantic coast of Florida. Blood samples were collected from a total of 111 juvenile turtles from May 2005 through April 2007, and the samples were analyzed in a testosterone radioimmunoassay that was validated for use as a sexing technique for sea turtles. The results suggest a significant female-biased …

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The Intestinal Extracellular Matix As An Innate Regulator Of Effector T-Cell Responses, Kayci Renee Huff Jan 2011

The Intestinal Extracellular Matix As An Innate Regulator Of Effector T-Cell Responses, Kayci Renee Huff

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Extracellular matrix (stroma) regulation of mucosal T-cell function is incompletely understood. Here we uncovered a role for intestinal stromal products in the innate regulation of effector T-cells. Stroma-conditioned media (S-CM) derived from normal human intestinal stroma (TGF-&betahi/IL-6lo/IL-1ßlo) significantly down-regulated T-cell proliferation and IFN-&gamma production compared to S-CM derived from inflamed Crohn's mucosa (TGF-&betahi/IL-6hi/IL-1&betahi). Antibody neutralization studies showed that TGF-&beta in normal S-CM inhibited T-cell proliferation and IFN-&gamma production, whereas IL-6 plus IL-1&beta in Crohn's S-CM promoted T-cell proliferation, and the IL-1&beta alone promoted IFN-γ and IL-17 release. Importantly, stromal cells in normal tissue produce TGF-&beta and contribute to mucosal homeostasis …

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Exhaustion Renders Cd8 T Cells Unresponsive To Antigen-Independent Activation And Is Characterized By Il-18 Receptor Downregulation, Jennifer T. Ingram Jan 2011

Exhaustion Renders Cd8 T Cells Unresponsive To Antigen-Independent Activation And Is Characterized By Il-18 Receptor Downregulation, Jennifer T. Ingram

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During many chronic infections virus-specific CD8 T cells succumb to exhaustion as they lose their ability to respond to antigenic activation. Combinations of interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18, and IL-21 have been shown to induce the antigen-independent production of IFN-γ by effector and memory CD8 T cells. In this study we investigated whether exhausted CD8 T cells are sensitive to activation by these cytokines. We show that effector and memory, but not exhausted, CD8 T cells produce interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and upregulate CD25 following exposure to certain combinations of IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21. This unresponsiveness was associated with downregulation of the IL-18 receptor …

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Effects Of Growth Factor Induced Pathways On Differentiation Of The Human Neuronal Cell Line Sh-Sy-5y., Ashish D. Dwary Jan 2011

Effects Of Growth Factor Induced Pathways On Differentiation Of The Human Neuronal Cell Line Sh-Sy-5y., Ashish D. Dwary

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Background: The VSNL1 gene product, Visinin-like-protein-1 (VILIP-1), is a member of the neuronal EF-hand Ca2+-sensor protein family. Previously, VILIP-1 mRNA and protein expression were shown to be altered in animal models and in schizophrenia patients. VILIP-1 influences cytosolic cAMP levels, cell migration, exocytotic processes and differentiation in the periphery. This raises the question, whether similar to other potential schizophrenia susceptibility genes, such as Disc1, PDE4B and Akt, VILIP-1 may be associated with schizophrenia-related measures, and if it could mechanistically affect cAMP signaling and neurite outgrowth in neurons. Methods: 627 people with schizophrenia and 541 control subjects were ascertained and the …

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Demands Of Dualism: Literacy And Content Area Instructional Beliefs In Alabama High Schools, Cindy Sager Adams Jan 2011

Demands Of Dualism: Literacy And Content Area Instructional Beliefs In Alabama High Schools, Cindy Sager Adams

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The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine differences in content area teachers' general educational beliefs and their attitudes toward teaching reading in their social studies, science, and English language arts classrooms in Alabama high schools when both content area and teacher certificate levels were considered. Such a study is important because teachers work with students ill-prepared for the demands of required high school reading, upcoming college reading, or workplace literacy, in a state in which nearly 39% of its youth fail to graduate from high school. Nearly 80% of all Alabama grade 11 students read below the 50th …

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A Recombinant Myeloid-Binding Adenovirus For Targeted Pulmonary Gene Therapy, Michael O. Alberti Jan 2011

A Recombinant Myeloid-Binding Adenovirus For Targeted Pulmonary Gene Therapy, Michael O. Alberti

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Inflammation and airway destruction are hallmarks of many debilitating lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), acute lung injury (ALI), and cancer. Gene-based therapeutic interventions that modulate this pathologic inflammatory response are likely to reduce the progressive destruction to lung airways. In this regard, a number of strategies have been evaluated for targeting the pul-monary vasculature; particularly those based on serotype 5 Adenovirus (Ad5). The ad-vantages of Ad over other vector systems include: in vivo stability, low oncogenic poten-tial, and large packaging capacity. Yet, specific and efficient gene delivery to the lung has been hampered …

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Evaluation Of The Optical And Mechanical Properties Of Cad-Cam Generated Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Laminate Veneers, Tariq F. Alghazzawi Jan 2011

Evaluation Of The Optical And Mechanical Properties Of Cad-Cam Generated Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Laminate Veneers, Tariq F. Alghazzawi

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The purpose of this investigation was to study three aspects which have been shown to limit clinical applications of yttria-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) for dental restorations. Mechanical property and structural changes due to low-temperature degradation (LTD) of Y-TZP led to increased surface roughness and monoclinic phase fractions, with a concomitant decrease in hardness and modulus. Yttria content and flexural strength were unchanged and phase transformation proceeded from the surface into the bulk of the material. The optical properties of Y-TZP, IPS e.max® CAD (IEC), and feldspathic por-celain (FP) laminate veneers showed that the underlying color of try-in pastes (TP) af-fected the …

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Fabrication Of Biodegradable Fibers Using Hdpe/Starch Blends. Morphological, Mechanical And Processing, Fayaz J. Ali Jan 2011

Fabrication Of Biodegradable Fibers Using Hdpe/Starch Blends. Morphological, Mechanical And Processing, Fayaz J. Ali

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Products developed from polymeric materials have found a myriad of applications that make life better and more convenient. In many cases, however, plastics end up in landfills after their useful lifetime. The inability of most synthetic plastics to degrade in the landfill presents a challenge to continue to expand their applications in order to minimize their environmental impact. Incorporating natural fibers into synthetic polymers has been investigated recently; however, most of the natural fibers do not have the mechanical properties of their inorganic counterparts. Thus, there is a need for high strength fibers that are degradable. The goal of this …

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Vitamin D And Insulin Sensitivity Among African American And European American Adolescents And Adults, Jessica Alejandra Alvarez Jan 2011

Vitamin D And Insulin Sensitivity Among African American And European American Adolescents And Adults, Jessica Alejandra Alvarez

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Adequate vitamin D status is associated with a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM); the relationship may be mediated by insulin sensitizing effects of vitamin D. African Americans (AA) are at a greater risk for T2DM and insulin resistance, as well as vitamin D deficiency, compared to European Americans (EA). The primary objective of this dissertation was to investigate the independent relationships of vitamin D with various measures of insulin sensitivity. Investigations were performed in a series of studies involving adolescent and adult female cohorts. The intravenous glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity index (SI) or the oral glucose tolerance …

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Biometic Self-Assembled Nanomatrix For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Joel Matthew Anderson Jan 2011

Biometic Self-Assembled Nanomatrix For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Joel Matthew Anderson

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Formation of the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM) provides an attractive template for bone tissue engineering. At the cellular level, structural support and biological complexity of bone ECM are provided within a composite microenvironment that consists of an organic fibrous network reinforced by inorganic hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructured crystals. To synthetically recreate this biphasic assembly, a bone ECM analogous scaffold comprised of self-assembling peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers and interspersed HA nanoparticles was investigated. The PAs have been endowed with biomolecular ligand signaling using synthetically inscribed peptide sequences (i.e. RGDS, DGEA) derived from the native bone ECM and integrated with HA nanoparticles …

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Significance And Regulation Of Cd68 Expression In The Osteoclast, Jason Waid Ashley Jan 2011

Significance And Regulation Of Cd68 Expression In The Osteoclast, Jason Waid Ashley

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The mucin-like Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein (LAMP) family member CD68 is a primarily myeloid lineage restricted transmembrane protein that is expressed in macrophages and osteoclasts. While the existence and expression pattern of human CD68 and mouse CD68 (sometimes called macrosialin) are well-known, and these molecules are routinely used as histological markers of tissue macrophages, the functional signific-ance of CD68 expression remains an unanswered question. Our overall goal is to deter-mine the significance and characterize the function of CD68 in osteoclasts and explore the effects of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB (RANK) signaling on CD68 post-translational modification. To achieve this …

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The Effect Of The Release Of A Thermal Stressor On Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus) Morphology And Physiology, Jessica Eagar Jan 2011

The Effect Of The Release Of A Thermal Stressor On Bluegill (Lepomis Macrochirus) Morphology And Physiology, Jessica Eagar

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Temperature is considered a very important abiotic factor in fish communities. An increase in water temperature, as is found with the use of nuclear production reactors, can act as a stressor in aquatic systems. The P-reactor, operational from 1954-1988, on the Savannah River Site near Aiken, South Carolina, utilized the Par Pond Reservoir System as part of its cooling mechanisms. During reactor operation, heated effluents were displaced into Pond C, causing the water to be heated to around 45° C. Fischer (1994) found that the bluegill population had adapted with changes to their morphology and physiology. The bluegill from the …

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Role Of The Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock In Modulating Myocardial Physiology And Pathophysiology, David Joseph Durgan Jan 2011

Role Of The Cardiomyocyte Circadian Clock In Modulating Myocardial Physiology And Pathophysiology, David Joseph Durgan

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It is well established that multiple parameters of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology exhibit diurnal variations. For example, human heart rate and blood pressure peak during the morning and trough in the evening. Similarly, there is a morning prevalence for the onset of multiple adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Traditionally these rhythms have been attributed to rhythms in neurohumoral stimulation. However recent identification of the circadian clock mechanism in cardiovascular relevant cell types, including the cardiomyocyte, has prompted investigation into its role in modulating myocardial physiology and pathophysiology over the course of the day. Preliminary …

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From Brown To Bakke: Race Change And The Birmingham City Schools, 1963-1983, Johnmark Allen Edwards Jan 2011

From Brown To Bakke: Race Change And The Birmingham City Schools, 1963-1983, Johnmark Allen Edwards

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When in 1954 the US Supreme Court declared that "separate but equal" was inherently not equal, every segregated school system in America was supposed to desegregate. This was easier said than done, and more successful in some systems than others. Here is a case study of that episode in American history focused on Birmingham, Alabama. This city's tumultuous road to educational desegregation unfolded in four phases: non-compliance (1954-1963), incremental desegregation (1963-1967), "freedom of choice" (1967-1970) and zoned integration (1970-1983). In this context, the thesis has three objectives: first, to explore how people of Birmingham - black and white, male and …

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The Role Of The Classical Nf-Kb Pathway In Hsc Self-Renewal And Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Robert Jason Flynn Jan 2011

The Role Of The Classical Nf-Kb Pathway In Hsc Self-Renewal And Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Robert Jason Flynn

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Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprises approximately 25% of newly diagnosed cases of leukemia each year. The constitutive activation of the classical NF-κB signaling pathway has been observed in up to 70% of AML cases, and could be due to mutations upstream involving the PI3K-Akt cascade, which is also constitutively active in a majority of cases. In mice, constitutive activation of Akt either through deletion of the negative regulator of PI3K-Akt, PTEN, or by expression of Myr-Akt induces rapid stem cell loss along with a lethal, transplantable myeloproliferative disorder and AML. These studies show that constitutive Akt and NF-κB signaling distinguish …

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Occupational Stress In Veterinary Support Staff, Sandra Morales Foster Jan 2011

Occupational Stress In Veterinary Support Staff, Sandra Morales Foster

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OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN VETERINARY SUPPORT STAFF Sandra Morales Foster DOCTOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH ABSTRACT Limited information exists about veterinary support staff and the occupational stressors of this workforce. Concern for workers in occupations of high or prolonged stress such as caregivers in hospitals and emergency situations has been noted in many studies. Occupational stress can cause harmful physical and emotional outcomes when the homeostatic balance is upset. This study explored occupational stress, health status, and coping strategies of veterinary support staff. A mixed-method collected quantitative and qualitative data. Demographic information and three validated instruments were ad-ministered using a web-based survey; …

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The Study Of Intracellular Signaling Pathways In Schizophrenia, Adam Funk Jan 2011

The Study Of Intracellular Signaling Pathways In Schizophrenia, Adam Funk

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INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING AND INTEGRATION ABNORMALITIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA Adam J. Funk DEPARTMENT OF NEUROBIOLOGY ABSTRACT The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is complex and diverse, with many classes of receptors, neurotransmitters, and brain regions implicated in this illness. The many hypotheses proposed have yet to fully explain the heterogeneity of the genetic, postmor-tem, and clinical evidence. It is the goal of this dissertation to integrate the current hy-potheses of schizophrenia into a unified hypothesis of abnormal intracellular signaling and signal integration. Inconsistencies in genetic and postmortem findings suggest that the development of schizophrenia is multifaceted, and the heterogeneity of symptoms supports the hypothesis …

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An Evaluation Of Dietary Lipids On Growth Performance In The Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), Victoria K. Gibbs Jan 2011

An Evaluation Of Dietary Lipids On Growth Performance In The Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea), Victoria K. Gibbs

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Sea urchin fisheries are declining across the world, and sea urchin aquaculture will be an important alternative to wild-caught fisheries. A significant aspect of a successful sea urchin culture operation is the formulation of nutritionally-complete diets with the potential to support optimal growth and health to sea urchins at different life stages. Due to the ecological variety of sea urchin species, the inclusion level and source of the various macronutrients and micronutrients needed for a complete diet must be carefully considered for each sea urchin species. Lytechinus variegatus is an echinoid species commonly found in the northern Gulf of Mexico, …

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Human Cytomegalovirus Ul97 Kinase Activity Modifies Cell Cycle Checkpoint Regulators, Rachel Brooke Gill Jan 2011

Human Cytomegalovirus Ul97 Kinase Activity Modifies Cell Cycle Checkpoint Regulators, Rachel Brooke Gill

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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection results in destructive infections in neonates and immunocompromised individuals. Being the primary congenital infection in the United States, it can often result in permanent neurological deficits in infants. The current therapies for CMV infections all target the viral DNA polymerase and also have dose-limiting toxicities. Isolates resistant to ganciclovir (GCV), the therapy of choice, can sometimes overwhelm immunocompromised hosts. Better therapies for this infection are required. The CMV UL97 kinase is a key enzyme in the treatment of CMV infection because it phosphorylates GCV. Additionally, maribavir (MBV) specifically inhibits UL97 kinase activity and inhibits viral replication. …

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Oxidative Stress And Xanthine Oxidase In Acute And Chronic Cardiac Volume Overload In Rats, James Douglas Gladden Jan 2011

Oxidative Stress And Xanthine Oxidase In Acute And Chronic Cardiac Volume Overload In Rats, James Douglas Gladden

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Mechanisms of left ventricular dysfunction in cardiac volume overload (VO) are not well understood and there is no medical therapy. Cardiac VO is marked by eccentric remodeling and contractile dysfunction ultimately resulting in cardiac failure. Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure and recent evidence suggests xanthine oxidase (XO) plays a role in VO. To study VO, we used a rat model of aortocaval fistula (ACF). ACF results in early diastolic stress on the left ventricle (LV) and recapitulates the progressive nature of heart failure with contractile function being initially maintained and then depressed by 6 weeks. …

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Violating The Code: Inmates' Justifications For Failing To Uphold The Code, Anastasia Gwyn Brown Jan 2011

Violating The Code: Inmates' Justifications For Failing To Uphold The Code, Anastasia Gwyn Brown

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Many theories have been created in hope of explaining why people deviate from societal norms to commit crimes. However, Elijah Anderson's Code of the Streets has recently grown in popularity as an explanation for street crime that construes criminal behavior more adequately than previous theories. Recent empirical evidence of researchers such as Anderson suggests the existence of an insidious street culture whose members identify themselves not with conventional norms, but instead with the standards of the street culture. To violate this street code would be to jeopardize self esteem and risk ostracism, further victimization, and often physical safety. However, people …

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Analysis Of The Structural And Kinetic Properties Of Sult2a1 Induced By The Binding Of 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-Phosphosulfate, Ian Thomas Cook Jan 2011

Analysis Of The Structural And Kinetic Properties Of Sult2a1 Induced By The Binding Of 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-Phosphosulfate, Ian Thomas Cook

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Sulfation is an important Phase II drug metabolism reaction catalyzed by the cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs). SULT2A1 is a major SULT in liver and adrenal cortex that has been reported to sulfate a wide variety of substrates including bile acids, steroids, and drugs. The crystal structures of SULT2A1 suggest that PAPS binding causes a structural change. This study examines the kinetic changes in SULT2A1 caused by PAPS binding using computer modeling, enzyme kinetics, binding studies, and mammalian cells expressing SULT2A1. The data presented clearly demonstrate that the binding of PAPS changes the affinity of some substrates to SULT2A1 resulting in different …

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