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Gender-Specific Facilitators And Barriers To Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Leigh Ann Bray Jan 2018

Gender-Specific Facilitators And Barriers To Health-Related Quality Of Life In Adults With Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study, Leigh Ann Bray

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BACKGROUND: With the life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) doubling over the last two decades, it is critical that healthcare providers address both quantity and quality of life. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) encompasses physical, social, psychological, and functional aspects of daily living and how CF impacts each one. Women with CF consistently report having an overall poorer quality of life across international studies, but the cause of the gender difference is unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in HRQoL and then build upon those results to better understand gender-specific facilitators and barriers …

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Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices, And Weight Gain During Infancy: A Secondary Analysis, Jessica Bahorski Jan 2018

Parental Self-Efficacy, Feeding Practices, And Weight Gain During Infancy: A Secondary Analysis, Jessica Bahorski

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Mechanisms contributing to childhood obesity begin during early life, including infant feeding practices and an excessive rate of infant growth. Parental decisions regarding their infant contribute to these mechanisms. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) is the belief parents have in their ability to accomplish the tasks of parenting and is associated with infant outcomes. A high sense of PSE, breastfeeding self-efficacy, or self-efficacy for feeding has been found to be associated with healthy infant feeding practices. However, this research is limited in scope and has not been conducted in populations at greatest risk for childhood obesity such as low-income or African-American infants. …

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Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul Jan 2018

Effect Of Dietary Compounds In Epigenetic Modulation And Microbial Alteration And Their Roles In Breast Tumor Inhibition, Bidisha Paul

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Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Current methods of chemoprevention and therapy have cytotoxic effects and have several short-term and long-term side effects. Therefore, the use of natural dietary bioactive compounds has gained prominence as safe and effective agents of chemoprevention and therapy. Genistein (GE), an isoflavone found in soy products, has been shown to exhibit several anticancer properties, particularly as an epigenetic modifier. We have observed that GE has the ability to alter the gut microbiome of germ-free mice humanized with fecal transplants from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We …

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The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson Jan 2018

The Role Of Astrocytes In The Development Of Central Chemosensitivity, Kelsey Patterson

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In the two decades since MECP2 was identified as the causative gene in the majority of Rett Syndrome (RTT) cases, transgenic mouse models have played a critical role in our understanding of this X-linked neurodevelopmental disease. However, their exclusive use presents a limitation in translating findings from animal models to the clinic. Here, we characterized growth, anatomical, behavioral, and motor deficits in a novel zinc-finger nuclease murine RTT model from birth through adulthood. Male rats lacking the transcriptional regulatory protein, MeCP2 (Mecp2ZFN/y), are noticeably symptomatic as early as postnatal day (P) 21 and die prematurely, while females lacking one copy …

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The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little Jan 2018

The Effects Of Body Size, Growth, And History Of Diabetes On Glioma Risk, Rebecca Barnhill Little

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Many dietary exposures have weak or null associations with glioma risk. As nutrition can affect growth rate in adolescence, body size throughout the lifespan, and the propensity for Type 2 diabetes, the goal of this project was to examine the relationships between these surrogates of nutritional states and the risk of glioma. The aims of this project were to examine the associations between glioma risk and 1) self-reported body measures; 2) age when full height was attained; 3) and a history of diabetes. To investigate the first aim, 1,111 glioma cases and 1,096 community controls completed a structured interview to …

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Membrane Capacitance Derived From Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Is Associated With Insulin Resistance In Relatively Healthy U.S. Women, But Not Men, Valene Garr Barry Jan 2018

Membrane Capacitance Derived From Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Is Associated With Insulin Resistance In Relatively Healthy U.S. Women, But Not Men, Valene Garr Barry

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Current screening methods have failed to detect more than 50% of the 120 million U.S. adults with insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome, conditions that substantially increase one’s risk for cardiometabolic disease (CMD).1 Evidence exists that metabolic health is associated with cell membrane composition, which is reflected in the electrical properties of the body cell mass. The objective of this study was to determine whether bioimpedance spectroscopy can identify insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome by evaluating membrane capacitance (CM). We hypothesized that CM would be higher in individuals with insulin resistance and/or metabolic syndrome when compared to healthy individuals. This cross-sectional …

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Religiosity And Spirituality As Predictors Of Substance Use In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess Jan 2018

Religiosity And Spirituality As Predictors Of Substance Use In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis, Benjamin Edwin Burgess

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a degenerative chronic illness that results in pulmonary and gastrointestinal impairment. Because health-related behaviors, such as substance use, impact health outcomes in this population, it is important to understand factors that predict substance use in patients with CF. Thus, this study aimed to examine the unique roles of spirituality and religiosity in alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use. Higher religiosity was expected to predict lower substance use directly, reflecting a direct regulation of health behavior. Higher spirituality was expected to predict less substance use through lower depression, reflecting an indirect regulation of health behavior through emotion regulation. …

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How School District Secession Impacts The District Left Behind, Christopher Tyler Burks Jan 2018

How School District Secession Impacts The District Left Behind, Christopher Tyler Burks

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This is the first national analysis of school district secessions that predicts which kind of school districts are likely to have a secession attempt and measures the impact of secession on the per-pupil revenue of the district left behind. Data on school district secessions was limited prior to EdBuild’s 2017 report, Fractured. This thesis combines data from the National Center for Education Statistics with EdBuild’s data on secessions. Using a linear probability model, I find that larger districts in urban areas with more disadvantaged students receiving free and reduced-price lunch are more likely to experience a secession attempt. I then …

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Adiposity And Health In Zoo African And Asian Elephants, Daniella Chusyd Jan 2018

Adiposity And Health In Zoo African And Asian Elephants, Daniella Chusyd

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African (Loxodonta africana) and Asian (Elephas maximus) elephant populations are rapidly declining due to poaching, and habitat fragmentation and loss. Due to the precarious situation elephants are facing worldwide, captive elephant populations are being viewed as an insurance policy against extinction. Unfortunately, captive elephant populations are not self-sustaining, in part because of reproductive and health issues. One hypothesis for the observed reproductive and health issues is zoo elephants are obese. The current method of assessing obesity in elephants is based on a qualitative visual tool, the body condition score, which does not quantify fat mass. The purpose of this dissertation …

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Functional Analysis Of Cdc45 In The Replication Fork And In Response To Replicative Stress, Amanda Debrot Jan 2018

Functional Analysis Of Cdc45 In The Replication Fork And In Response To Replicative Stress, Amanda Debrot

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DNA replication is a highly conserved and tightly regulated process, with a variety of factors acting to ensure faithful duplication and stability of chromosomal DNA. During replication, positive supercoils form ahead of the advancing replication fork. DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1) acts to prevent DNA damage by relieving the torsional strain created by these supercoils. The camptothecin (CPT) class of chemotherapeutics target Top1, creating a long-lived DNA-Top1-CPT covalent complex, which leads to S-phase specific DNA lesions and cellular death. Our lab previously performed a genetic screen to isolate mutant proteins that enhance cell sensitivity to Top1-mediated DNA damage. One of the …

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The Influence Of Perceived Stress And Sleep Disturbance On Fatigue And Blood Pressure As Mediated By Cortisol In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Heather Carol Soistmann Jan 2018

The Influence Of Perceived Stress And Sleep Disturbance On Fatigue And Blood Pressure As Mediated By Cortisol In Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Heather Carol Soistmann

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Life expectancy is improving for those with sickle cell disease (SCD); however, with this improvement come increasing risks for long-term health complications. Early identification of health concerns could lead to improved long-term health outcomes. Two health concerns in school-age children with SCD are fatigue and blood pressure (BP). Previous research with other populations indicates perceived stress and sleep disturbance may influence outcomes of fatigue and BP. Further, cortisol, a stress hormone, may mediate the proposed relationships. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine effect sizes of relationships between fatigue, BP, perceived stress, and sleep disturbance in …

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Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang Jan 2018

Prenatal And Postnatal Factors Regulate Food Intake And Body Composition, Minsung Kang

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This research sought to identify the effects of prenatal and postnatal factors on systemic metabolism and the regulation of food intake, weight, and body composition. It was found that the manipulation of maternal diets influenced the systemic metabolism of offspring. The offspring of dams fed an isocaloric, low protein diet were significantly smaller and consumed less food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In the case of the offspring from dams fed a western diet, they were significantly heavier and consumed more food than offspring from dams fed a control diet. In addition, the offspring showed altered glucose …

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Metagenomic Analysis Of Microbial Community Compositions And Functions In Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Ecosystems In East Antarctica, Hyunmin Koo Jan 2018

Metagenomic Analysis Of Microbial Community Compositions And Functions In Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Ecosystems In East Antarctica, Hyunmin Koo

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The perennially ice-covered lakes of the Antarctic continent are considered to be the ideal extreme ecosystems to study growth, sustenance, and evolution of microbial mats without any direct influence by higher organisms and other external environmental factors. This dissertation research utilized Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and bioinformatics tools to study the microbial composition and metabolic potential of the microbial mats in permanently ice-covered freshwater Lake Untersee, Lake Obersee and their surrounding ecosystems in East Antarctica. Overall, the microbial communities in the microbial mats of Lake Untersee were distinct in regard to their compositions, shared taxa and metabolic potential as …

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Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene Jan 2018

Apoe E4 Carrier Status And Prestroke Cognitive Function In A Case/Cohort Sample Of Incident Stroke From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Caroline Lassen-Greene

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This study explores the role of ApoE e4 in cognitive function and incident stroke to better understand the risk of cognitive decline associated with both normal aging and dementia. ApoE e4 is a genetic risk factor for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, and may have detrimental effects on cerebrovascular integrity by increasing the risk of acquiring cerebrovascular abnormalities such as white matter lesions (WMLs), infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds. Subtle cognitive impairments may reflect these clinically undetected brain vascular pathologies that also are associated with increased likelihood of incident stroke. Results of the study revealed that ApoE e4 was associated with …

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Lick My Battery, Sasha Mitchell Jan 2018

Lick My Battery, Sasha Mitchell

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An insecure cyborg named Grit defects to a tech-atheist society. Her neuro-disorder-addicted sister, Siri, follows her with a licentious government drone, one officer Rah Tetra of the Austere Sapien Services (A.S.S. for short). Sex, anthropology, family dysfunction, and social rigidity are tackled beneath the influences of Radiohead, Billy Wilder, and Jonathan Swift.

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The Influence Of Treatment Expectation On Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs)-Induced Suppression Of Craving And Eating, Mary Katherine Osborn Ray Jan 2018

The Influence Of Treatment Expectation On Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (Tdcs)-Induced Suppression Of Craving And Eating, Mary Katherine Osborn Ray

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Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulation technique with promise to improve numerous diseases, but results are inconsistent. Possible explanations for the conflicting evidence include: 1) expectation effects arising from discernable real vs. sham tDCS conditions, and 2) uncontrolled individual differences related to the outcome variables. Therefore, we conducted a study that systematically assessed the putative action of tDCS to suppress food craving and eating while controlling for expectation effects and baseline individual differences. N=74 adults were randomized to one of four groups: Told Fake/Got Fake (participants were told they were receiving fake and received fake tDCS), Told Fake/Got …

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Novel Anti-Cancer Therapy Development Using Omics Guided Rational Cell Process Engineering, Ningning Xu Jan 2018

Novel Anti-Cancer Therapy Development Using Omics Guided Rational Cell Process Engineering, Ningning Xu

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Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality globally, and multiple anti-cancer therapies have been developed and applied over last few decades. Antibody-based cancer therapies have been on one of the most exciting and promising therapeutic strategies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can control the progression of cancers via targeted binding to the specific antigen of tumors to trigger an immune response, target and block the signaling pathway involved in cancer progression, or deliver cytotoxic agents into tumors. Two chimeric/humanized monoclonal antibodies (anti-HER2 mAb and anti-CD 20 mAb) with higher efficacy were successfully expressed in engineered Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO). …

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Effects Of Dietary R,S-1,3 Butanediol Diacetoacetate On Components Of Energy Balance, Rachel A H Davis Jan 2018

Effects Of Dietary R,S-1,3 Butanediol Diacetoacetate On Components Of Energy Balance, Rachel A H Davis

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Ketogenic diet (KD) has been used to attenuate the decline in energy expenditure occurring from calorie restriction-induced weight loss, but long-term adherence can be difficult due to the strict nature of the diet. The growing body of evidence supporting KD-treatment of neurologic and metabolic diseases, as well as obesity, has prompted interest in the ability to increase circulating ketones via exogenous delivery. Ketone esters (KE) can raise blood ketone concentrations similarly to fasting and appear to reduce food intake acutely, but studies assessing effects on energy balance are limited and provide a potentially promising direction for weight control. Previous investigations …

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Evaluation Of The Factors Influencing Feed Intake And Satiety Of The Variegated Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus, Marlee Hayes Jan 2018

Evaluation Of The Factors Influencing Feed Intake And Satiety Of The Variegated Sea Urchin, Lytechinus Variegatus, Marlee Hayes

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Feed intake is the primary determinant of nutrient and energy acquisition for most metazoans. Satiety regulates feed intake and may have cascading effects on nutrient acquisition and health. Satiety of many higher organisms involves complex processes and a variety of signaling molecules that are responsive to many factors associated with nutrient intake. However, the ability to sate is observed in many simpler animals with less complex physiological processes. Sea urchins, with relatively simple digestive and nervous systems, provide an ideal model for the study of fundamental drivers of feed intake. Understanding the process of satiety in this primitive deuterostome can …

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A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial To Compare Free Gingival Grafts And Connective Tissue Grafts Around Implants With A Lack Of Keratinized Mucosa, Jeffrey Thomas Hsu Jan 2017

A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial To Compare Free Gingival Grafts And Connective Tissue Grafts Around Implants With A Lack Of Keratinized Mucosa, Jeffrey Thomas Hsu

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A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL TO COMPARE FREE GINGIVAL GRAFTS AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFTS AROUND IMPLANTS WITH A LACK OF KERATINIZED MUCOSA JEFFREY T HSU PERIODONTOLOGY ABSTRACT Although evidence is equivocal regarding the need for keratinized mucosa around dental implants, the consensus among researchers and clinicians is that peri-implant keratinized mucosa is beneficial to the health and stability of the implant prosthesis. An adequate width of keratinized mucosa (WKM) provides a resistant barrier to bacterial infiltration, facilitates restorative procedures, improves esthetic outcomes, patient comfort, and ease of oral hygiene. Many surgical approaches have been used to increase WKM around dental …

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Relationship Between Protein Timing And Body Composition In Colegiate Women Soccer Players, Rachael Gabriel Jan 2017

Relationship Between Protein Timing And Body Composition In Colegiate Women Soccer Players, Rachael Gabriel

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Nutrition plays an invaluable role in the ability of an athlete to perform at an optimal level. Numerous studies have provided considerable information regarding the amounts of various macronutrients thought to maximize body composition and performance. However, few studies have explored macronutrient intake frequencies, in particular protein, and the impact feeding frequency may have on body composition and performance. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between protein frequency and body composition in collegiate female soccer players. Participants completed food and activity logs over a three-day period along with a nutrition history form. Relationships between the …

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Associations Among Perceived Stress, Pain Sensitivity, And Physiological Reactivity Following An Acute Noxious Stressor, Hailey Waddell Bulls Jan 2017

Associations Among Perceived Stress, Pain Sensitivity, And Physiological Reactivity Following An Acute Noxious Stressor, Hailey Waddell Bulls

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We recommend using HCCM estimators to estimate the variance of a regression model

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The Benefits Of A Vegetable Gardening Intervention For Cancer Survivors, Mallory Gamel Cases Jan 2017

The Benefits Of A Vegetable Gardening Intervention For Cancer Survivors, Mallory Gamel Cases

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Due to improvements in screening and treatment, the number of cancer survivors continues to increase. Cancer survivors are at increased risk for second malignancies, comorbidities, and functional decline. All three papers draw data from Harvest for Health, a 12-month home-based vegetable gardening intervention for cancer survivors. This dissertation aimed to (1) explore changes in physical functioning and physical health-related quality of life in 44 cancer survivors aged >65 years old pooled from two iterations of Harvest for Health; (2) examine predictors of continued gardening and garden expansion 12-months post-intervention; and (3) assess the capacity of sustainability of Harvest for Health …

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N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine-Reactive Natural Antibodies: Roles In Suppression Of Autoimmune Diabetes And Environmental Factors Influencing Their Development, James Stewart New Jan 2017

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine-Reactive Natural Antibodies: Roles In Suppression Of Autoimmune Diabetes And Environmental Factors Influencing Their Development, James Stewart New

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Type 1 Diabetes suppression in diabetes prone mice following immunization with Group A Streptococcus correlates with the B lymphocyte response to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) present in the Group A Carbohydrate cell wall polysaccharide. GlcNAc-specific B cells recognize cryptic GlcNAc-epitopes in beta cells. Following exposure of GlcNAc-modified antigens on beta cells during cellular apoptosis, GlcNAc-specific IgM antibodies opsonize these epitopes and mediate classical complement pathway activation. In vitro, opsonization of apoptotic beta cells with GlcNAc-specific IgM increases their uptake by dendritic cells, while suppressing the subsequent presentation of beta cell-derived antigens to diabetogenic T lymphocytes. Passive administration of Group A Streptococcus antisera …

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Associations Of Food Environment, Mediterranean Diet And Obesity In United States: A Geographic Information System (Gis) Analysis, Meifang Chen Jan 2017

Associations Of Food Environment, Mediterranean Diet And Obesity In United States: A Geographic Information System (Gis) Analysis, Meifang Chen

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Given the growing obesity epidemic in the U.S., modifying current obesogenic food environment, and identifying and promoting an obesity-modifying dietary approach that fits in the food environment context are urgent. Emerging evidence indicates that Mediterranean diet (MD) could be a beneficial dietary pattern to protect against overweight/obesity. However, as a relatively new dietary pattern in the U.S., how the unique food environment influences MD adherence, and whether consuming a MD can mediate the relationship between food environment and obesity among the population remain unknown. This dissertation, applying Geographic Information System (GIS) and path analytical methods using data from the REasons …

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Relationship Between Walking Speed And Kinematic Trajectory Complexity In People With Poststroke Hemiparesis, Deanna Delayne Rumble Jan 2017

Relationship Between Walking Speed And Kinematic Trajectory Complexity In People With Poststroke Hemiparesis, Deanna Delayne Rumble

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Individuals with chronic poststroke hemiparesis (PS) exhibit increased variability in spatiotemporal kinematic variables related to endpoint control during walking. For nonimpaired individuals, walking faster or slower than a preferred walking speed, results in less consistent stepping behavior. In three studies I investigated variability in swing phase foot trajectory area on a step-by-step basis (SBS-FTA) in nonimpaired individuals and people with PS. The primary aims of these studies were to 1) validate SBS-FTA in nonimpaired individuals, 2) observe if there was a difference in SBS-FTA variability between nonimpaired individual’s limb, the PS paretic, and nonparetic limbs, and across a wide range …

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Phenotypic Characteristics And Dietary Treatment Of Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Shima Dowla Jan 2017

Phenotypic Characteristics And Dietary Treatment Of Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Shima Dowla

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Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder among children in the developed world and can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Objectives: The primary objectives of this dissertation were to (1) review advances in the field of pediatric NAFLD, (2) describe the demographic, anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of children with NAFLD and evaluate whether differences existed based on ethnicity and diagnostic method, and (3) compare the effect of a carbohydrate restricted diet vs fat reduced diet on improvement in hepatic steatosis over an 8-week period among overweight and obese children diagnosed with NAFLD. …

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Purification, Characterization, And Enzymatic Activity Of Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferase 1c4, Amber Lynn Guidry Jan 2017

Purification, Characterization, And Enzymatic Activity Of Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferase 1c4, Amber Lynn Guidry

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Human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1C4 (hSULT1C4) is a dimeric Phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme primarily expressed in the developing fetus. SULTs facilitate the transfer of a hydrophilic sulfonate moiety from 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) onto an acceptor substrate altering the substrate’s biological activity and increasing the compound’s water solubility. While several of the hSULTs’ endogenous and xenobiotic substrates have been identified, the physiological function of hSULT1C4 remains unknown. The fetal expression of hSULT1C4 leads to the hypothesis that the function of this enzyme may be to regulate metabolic and hormonal signaling molecules, such as estrogenic compounds, that may be generated or consumed by the …

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Advances In The Creation And Use Of Genetically Modified Rodent Models, Laura Lambert Jan 2017

Advances In The Creation And Use Of Genetically Modified Rodent Models, Laura Lambert

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Rodents have been the model of choice for decades in biomedical research due to their relatively high physiological similarity to humans and amenability to genomic modification. While transgenic constructs were first used in mouse blastocysts in 1974 and the first mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line created in 1981, the lack of reliable methods to produce ES cells or culture embryos from the rat led to the limitation of its use in spite of several advantages such as larger size and higher genetic homology with humans. Use of genetic modification has recently expanded due to the advent of tailored nucleases …

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Cancer-Related Symptoms And Cognitive Intervention Adherence Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Mixed Methods Study, Jennifer Bail Jan 2017

Cancer-Related Symptoms And Cognitive Intervention Adherence Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Mixed Methods Study, Jennifer Bail

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Advancements in screening, early detection, and treatment have increased breast cancer survival. In the United States, the 5-year relative survival rate for breast cancer is 89%. With more women surviving breast cancer, there are now more than 3.5 million breast cancer survivors (BCS), a figure estimated to increase to 4.3 million by 2020. Survivors experience long-term symptoms of their cancer and treatment which may last years and even decades after diagnosis and treatment. This symptom experience may potentially have exacerbating effects on BCS’ cognitive function as well as their ability to adhere to interventions aimed at improving cognitive function. The …

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