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Religion, Spirituality, Faith, Centeredness And Wellbeing: An Exploration Of How These Elements Impact Individual Wellbeing, Carol Griggs Jan 2021

Religion, Spirituality, Faith, Centeredness And Wellbeing: An Exploration Of How These Elements Impact Individual Wellbeing, Carol Griggs

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Wellness and wellbeing have been a national priority in the United States of American for many years. Since 1961, wellbeing models have been created and reconstructed to define our understanding of what wellbeing is as well as what it should or could potentially be. These endeavors have contributed to a body of research that serve as a foundation for this study. The aim of this study was to review current theory and design a qualitative study to determine if current theory could be expanded upon utilizing religion, spirituality, faith and centeredness as central grounding principles for the model. This was …

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The Role Of Pim3 Kinase In Promoting Tumorigenesis, Tumor Metastasis, And Cancer Cell Stemness In Human Hepatoblastoma, Raoud Marayati Jan 2021

The Role Of Pim3 Kinase In Promoting Tumorigenesis, Tumor Metastasis, And Cancer Cell Stemness In Human Hepatoblastoma, Raoud Marayati

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Hepatoblastoma is the most common primary liver tumor in children. Despite an increasing incidence and major advances in care for other pediatric solid tumors, therapy for hepatoblastoma has remained virtually unchanged for the last 20 years, and children with metastatic or relapsed disease continue to suffer from a dismal prognosis. Treatment strategies primarily rely on cisplatin, due to its role as the most active single agent in hepatoblastoma treatment. However, chemoresistance remains a significant challenge with 54-80% of patients developing resistance to chemotherapy after 4-5 cycles of treatment. We have previously demonstrated that Proviral Integration site in Maloney murine leukemia …

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Association Between Antioxidant Capacity And Vascular Hemodynamics In Premenopausal Women Following 12 Weeks Of Exercise Training, Aparna Tamhane Jan 2021

Association Between Antioxidant Capacity And Vascular Hemodynamics In Premenopausal Women Following 12 Weeks Of Exercise Training, Aparna Tamhane

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Background: Oxidative stress induced by “free radicals” plays role in vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular health. Studies exploring beneficial effects of chronic aerobic training by enhancing antioxidant mechanisms in the body and thus, hemodynamic outcome measures are limited. Purpose: To assess effects of chronic aerobic exercise training on association between change (Δ) in antioxidant capacity, measured in terms of ferric reducing ability of plasma (ΔFRAP), and change in vascular hemodynamic (outcome) measures: systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP), diastolic blood pressure (ΔDBP), large arterial elasticity index (ΔLAEI) and small arterial elasticity index (ΔSAEI), in a cohort of healthy women. Methods: This was a …

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Transcriptional Regulation And Islet Transplantation Advantages Of Brown Adipose Tissue, Jessica D. Kepple Jan 2021

Transcriptional Regulation And Islet Transplantation Advantages Of Brown Adipose Tissue, Jessica D. Kepple

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Metabolic disease encompasses various disorders, including obesity and diabetes, that negatively impact glucose and lipid homeostasis and increase the risk of co-morbidities. Adipose tissue, which regulates whole-body energy balance and acts as a specialized endocrine tissue, is negatively affected by obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) functions to dissipate excess energy as heat and therefore is an attractive target against metabolic disease. To develop more effective therapeutic strategies, BAT physiology and genetic regulatory mechanisms need to be better understood. This dissertation highlights studies seeking to illuminate novel transcriptional regulation and islet transplantation applications of BAT. We investigated the requirement …

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Effectiveness Of A University Employee Assistance Program Using The Workplace Outcome Suite And Client Satisfaction Survey, Josephine Jackson Banks Jan 2021

Effectiveness Of A University Employee Assistance Program Using The Workplace Outcome Suite And Client Satisfaction Survey, Josephine Jackson Banks

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Background: Gallup (2013) reported that 30% of the U.S. workforce was not engaged in their work which means they were not reaching their full potential or productivity level. For organizations, lost productivity due to absenteeism or less than ideal performance at work impacts company performance and bottom line. Employee assistance programs are a resource to help increase employee health, productivity, and satisfaction through counseling interventions. Methods: Data were collected by a large urban university EAP over a 20-month period. The analysis was limited to EAP clients over the age of 18. A total of 866 subjects participated in this study, …

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Socioeconomic Status In Adolescence And Dna Methylation In Young Adulthood, Malcolm Barker-Kamps Jan 2021

Socioeconomic Status In Adolescence And Dna Methylation In Young Adulthood, Malcolm Barker-Kamps

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Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families are at a greater risk of negative health outcomes in adulthood, in part from chronic stress. The chronic stress of these experiences may become biologically embedded through DNA methylation in stress-related genes. However, the effects of specific SES dimensions during childhood or adolescence on later epigenetic profiles in adulthood are not well understood. The present study examined the roles of two objective SES dimensions and two subjective SES dimensions experienced in early adolescence in DNA methylation in young adulthood. The analyses focused on two genes, NR3C1 and SLC6A4, because their methylation has been …

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Importance Of The Zebrafish Model For Understanding Nutrition, Michael Britt Williams Jan 2021

Importance Of The Zebrafish Model For Understanding Nutrition, Michael Britt Williams

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The common zebrafish Danio rerio is a useful model for human health. Effective utilization of this model required development of husbandry and reproductive protocols as well as genomic sequencing and creation of relevant molecular techniques. However, the dietary needs of the species remain woefully under investigated. At this time no chemically-defined open source diets are available to the zebrafish research community. Consequently, those labs utilizing the zebrafish model rely on commercial diets that may not provide adequate nutrition and lack consistency needed for rigorous and reproducible research. The first focus of these studies was to examine the current state of …

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Evidence For A Bioelectrical Marker Of Insulin Resistance In Premenopausal Women: Membrane Capacitance, Valene E Garr Barry Jan 2021

Evidence For A Bioelectrical Marker Of Insulin Resistance In Premenopausal Women: Membrane Capacitance, Valene E Garr Barry

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Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with poor metabolic and reproductive outcomes among premenopausal women. Early identification of women with IR might mitigate these outcomes. However, clinically suitable methods to identify women with IR are unavailable due to high cost, high patient burden, or limited reliability. The objective was to examine a bioimpedance-based approach to identifying women with IR using membrane capacitance (CM). CM is a measure of cell membrane health and function, which is independently associated with IR and may be a suitable predictor. We validated the association of CM with IR and established the clinical utility of CM as …

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Predictors Of Subjective And Objective Everyday Functioning In Middle-Aged And Older Adults With Hiv, Alexandra Elaine Jacob Jan 2021

Predictors Of Subjective And Objective Everyday Functioning In Middle-Aged And Older Adults With Hiv, Alexandra Elaine Jacob

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People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for everyday functionalimpairment, especially as they age. The purpose of this study was: (1) to identify factors associated with subjective and objective instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) difficulty in PWH and (2) to identify factors associated with awareness of functional capacity. This cross-sectional study included 261 PWH. Participants completed a comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment, including self-report and performance-based measures of everyday functioning. Hierarchical multiple regressions were performed to identify health, psychological, and cognitive factors that contribute to subjective and objective evaluation of everyday functioning. We also examined factors that predicted a …

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Rural And Urban Differences In Vegetable And Fruit Consumption Among Older Cancer Survivors In The Deep South: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study, Harleen Kaur Jan 2021

Rural And Urban Differences In Vegetable And Fruit Consumption Among Older Cancer Survivors In The Deep South: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study, Harleen Kaur

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Background: Rural Americans have poorer overall health and physical functioning than their urban counterparts. A varied diet, rich in vegetable and fruit (V&F) consumption may improve health; however, little is known about rural-urban differences in V&F consumption, especially in older cancer survivors. Objective: To assess differences in V&F consumption among older cancer survivors residing in urban- and rural-designated areas, and explore whether differences exist by sex, race, and cancer type. Design: This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis. Participants/setting: Screening data from the Harvest for Health trial was obtained on 731 Medicare-eligible cancer survivors across Alabama. Main outcome measures: V&F consumption …

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Chemical, Physical, And Antibacterial Properties Of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials, Yu-Yin Lin Jan 2021

Chemical, Physical, And Antibacterial Properties Of Contemporary Pulp Capping Materials, Yu-Yin Lin

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The purpose of this project was to compare the chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties of right contemporary direct pulp capping materials. The material categories included in this study were calcium hydroxide (Dycal, Lime-Lite and Ultra-Blend plus), calcium silicate (MTA Angelus, Biodentine, TheraCal LC), calcium aluminate (Ceramir Protect LC), and resin ionomer (Bio-Cap). Calcium release and pH changes were measured via a calcium ion-selective electrode (Vernier Company) and pH sensor (Vernier Company) respectively, after specimens were immersed in 36.8oC deionized water for 1, 7, 28 and 90 days. Water solubility was calculated with weight loss of the specimens from 0 to …

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The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla Jan 2021

The Role Of Race, Sex, And Place In The Association Of Diabetes And Cardiovascular Disease, Gargya Malla

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Cardiovascular disease risk is higher among adult with diabetes than those without diabetes. This increase in risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics. Recent US data showed a resurgence in stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) among adults with diabetes, and an increase in heart failure (HF) mortality. Therefore, this dissertation investigated how cardiovascular disease risk may vary by race, sex, and neighborhood characteristics for adults across the glycemic spectrum.Data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, an ongoing prospective cohort of 30,239 Black and White adults age 45 years at baseline (2003-07) …

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Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Licorice Extrcat Agiasnt Oral Microorganisms, Roshanak Rastegar Jan 2021

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effect Of Licorice Extrcat Agiasnt Oral Microorganisms, Roshanak Rastegar

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Introduction: The causative factors of dental caries have been studied for many years, however, preventing the formation of dental caries remains an elusive task. Microorganisms have been the focal point of numerous studies as a prime cariogenic factor. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans have been frequently co-isolated from dental biofilm in patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and studies have demonstrated the synergistic effects of these two microorganisms in promoting tooth demineralization. Acid and glucan production, which are two virulence factors produced by S. mutans that mediate biofilm formation and tooth decay, have been shown to be promoted during co-colonization …

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An Investigation Into The Effects Of Diet On Pain And Pain Disparities, Larissa Jane Strath Jan 2021

An Investigation Into The Effects Of Diet On Pain And Pain Disparities, Larissa Jane Strath

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Chronic pain is one of the most common and disabling disorders in Westernsociety. Recently, it has been suggested that dietary quality may play a key role in the development and maintenance of pain. Additionally, diet differs between demographic groups, as does physiological differences in response to metabolites. We sought to explore 1) the central way in which diet influences pain sensitivity and 2) if dietary patterns affected various demographic groups differently. We first employed a rat model to observe diet-related changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In the absence and presence of an injury, rats fed a …

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From Deviance To Disease: How Congress Frames Opioid Use, 1994-2019, Stephanie Kirkland Jan 2021

From Deviance To Disease: How Congress Frames Opioid Use, 1994-2019, Stephanie Kirkland

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Over the past thirty years, the use of opioids like heroin, fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone led to tens of thousands of deaths from overdoses and caused a public health crisis. Researchers have noted the roles of various social organizations and groups in creating a public discourse around this topic and have studied the changing public views of opioid use in light of new scientific research. And yet, there remains a gap in research on the role of the members of Congress in this public discourse. These legislators pass policies that directly affect people who live with or who know someone …

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Added Sugar Consumption And Prediabetes In U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018, Nadia Markie Sneed Jan 2021

Added Sugar Consumption And Prediabetes In U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018, Nadia Markie Sneed

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Prediabetes is a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D) that effects 88- million U.S. adults. Added sugar is linked to the risk for prediabetes through direct and indirect mechanisms that promote hepatic and whole-body insulin resistance. Added sugar is overconsumed and totals ~13% of American’s daily caloric intake, with consumption highest for non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic minority populations also disproportionality affected by prediabetes and T2D. The effects of total added sugar on prediabetes have been mixed; however, total added sugar intake has primarily been examined using added sugar proxies (e.g., sugar-sweetened beverages, fructose), likely increasing systemic measurement error …

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Association Of Abdominal Obesity And Risk Of Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Joonseok Kim Jan 2021

Association Of Abdominal Obesity And Risk Of Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From The Reasons For Geographic And Racial Differences In Stroke (Regards) Study, Joonseok Kim

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Background: Our knowledge of the association between abdominal obesity (AO) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) is limited. Methods: We included 11,617 black and white participants (mean age 63.0 + 8.4 years) from the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) national cohort study who were free of AF at baseline between 2003 and 2007, and completed a follow-up exam between 2013 and 2016 with assessment of AF. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval of incident AF associated with …

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Risk Of Delirium With Opioid Use Among Older Adults In The Emergency Department, Rachel Michelle Skains Jan 2021

Risk Of Delirium With Opioid Use Among Older Adults In The Emergency Department, Rachel Michelle Skains

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Objectives: Delirium affects 7-17% of older Emergency Department (ED) patients. Inadequate pain control and opioid pain management have been reported to increase risk for delirium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pain severity, opioid exposure, and delirium among older ED patients.Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted in an academic Geriatric ED. Patients aged ≥65 years with an Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) score ≥2 and an Emergency Severity Index (ESI) level 3 were enrolled into the Geriatric ED Pathway. Those who received a delirium screening using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDESC) …

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Developing A Core Set Of Nursing-Sensitive Indicators For International Pediatric Oncology Nursing Practice, Courtney Erin Sullivan Jan 2021

Developing A Core Set Of Nursing-Sensitive Indicators For International Pediatric Oncology Nursing Practice, Courtney Erin Sullivan

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Although nursing sensitive indicators (NSIs) have been developed to measure factors influencing nursing care quality and patient outcomes in general and in select specialty areas, a core set of NSIs for international pediatric oncology nursing practice does not exist. Quality nursing care delivery in pediatric oncology is essential to achieving optimal patient outcomes and closing the 50% survival gap between high-income and low- and middle-income countries. To enhance global childhood cancer outcomes influenced by nursing, this dissertation research was conducted with the purpose of developing a preliminary core set of NSIs for international pediatric oncology nursing that is important, actionable, …

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Inflammation, Executive Function, And Adiposity In Children With Or At Risk For Obesity, Kathryn L. Prendergast Jan 2021

Inflammation, Executive Function, And Adiposity In Children With Or At Risk For Obesity, Kathryn L. Prendergast

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Obesity is associated with executive function (EF) deficits across the lifespan. Higher body mass index (BMI), greater severity of obesity, and poorer adherence and weight outcomes in obesity treatment have all been associated with EF deficits. Adult literature has begun to emphasize neuroinflammation in obesity as a possible pathway to later cognitive impairment. However, the pediatric obesity literature has yet to even establish associations between peripheral inflammation and EF. Thus, the present study aimed to examine associations and variability in inflammatory biomarkers, EF, and adiposity in children with or at risk for obesity. Additionally, inflammation was examined as a mechanism …

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Biomarker And Target Discovery In Cancer, Alyncia Dominique Robinson Jan 2021

Biomarker And Target Discovery In Cancer, Alyncia Dominique Robinson

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Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of transformed cells that can arise in many tissue types throughout the body (e.g., breast, lung, prostate, pancreas, lymph nodes) and is a major cause of death worldwide. Cancer progression resulting in aggressive or metastatic disease accounts for one of the leading causes of death worldwide, second only to heart disease in the US. Incidentally, cancer-related mortality has been on a steady decline, dropping 25% over the last 25 years [1]. This could be attributed to improved and earlier diagnoses and better treatment options being developed over the past few decades. …

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Keller-Segel Type Chemotaxis Model: Asymptotic Behavior Of The Small Data Solution, Jean D. Rugamba Jan 2021

Keller-Segel Type Chemotaxis Model: Asymptotic Behavior Of The Small Data Solution, Jean D. Rugamba

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This dissertation’s work is on asymptotic behavior of a Keller- Segel type chemotaxismodel with logarithmic sensitivity and logistic growth. The logarithmic singularity in the system is removed via the inverse Hopf-Cole transformation. Then, for the transformed system, we study the Green’s function of the corresponding linear system, linearized around a constant equilibrium solution, and the results give us a detailed point-wise description of the Greens function, which, itself, is significant in linear theory. Next, with the results on the Green’s function, we study small data solution to the nonlinear system by making use of Duhamel’s principle. This provides a descriptive …

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Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels Jan 2021

Urban School Leaders’ Perceptions Of Community Education Within Essentialist Educational Policy Contexts, Ashley Samuels

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Urban schools face the enormous task of providing a wide range of support to students. These supports include academics, socio-emotional learning, health, nourishment, and even clothing. Students arrive with challenges that make it difficult to concentrate on their academic studies. The community education model can supply students in urban schools with needed resources so that they may prioritize their academics. A community education model is a holistic approach to providing support to students. With this in mind, the urban school leader must find a way to provide comprehensive support to students, both through community education and in consideration of essentialist …

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Identifying Factors To Inform The Development Of Adaptive Interventions For Increasing Physical Activity Behavior Among People With Multiple Schlerosis, Yumi Kim Jan 2021

Identifying Factors To Inform The Development Of Adaptive Interventions For Increasing Physical Activity Behavior Among People With Multiple Schlerosis, Yumi Kim

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People with multiple sclerosis (MS) can benefit from physical activity, specifically exercise, for the management of disease symptoms, including walking impairments, fatigue, and depression, and improvements in quality of life. However, people with MS do not engage in adequate amounts of physical activity for the accrual of health benefits. Researchers have focused on the delivery of exercise training and behavioral interventions to improve levels of physical activity in MS. To date, there is an emerging body of research supporting the efficacy of these interventions for increasing and potentially sustaining physical activity behavior in people with MS. Yet, people with MS …

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Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Rotc Army Cadet Exercise Training For The Army Combat Fitness Test, Simone Cannon Jan 2021

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Rotc Army Cadet Exercise Training For The Army Combat Fitness Test, Simone Cannon

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To see the effectiveness of a twelve-week exercise training program in relation to ACFT performance over time. With changes to the Army’s standard physical test, the Army believes the ACFT will better prepare soldiers for combat. Physical Training is required and compared to the ACFT done by Army ROTC cadets for training purposes. Participants of this study were a part of the UAB ROTC program ranging from freshman to seniors. Height, weight, and body composition measurements were taken. Over twelve weeks, participants trained three days per week (MWF) at the ROTC building and executed the training protocol for one hour …

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Hurricanes And Heart Problems: Natural Disaster, Social Capital, And Cardiovascular Mortality, Zachary H. Mccann Jan 2021

Hurricanes And Heart Problems: Natural Disaster, Social Capital, And Cardiovascular Mortality, Zachary H. Mccann

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Social capital refers to the social relationships and structures that provide individuals with material, financial, and emotional resources throughout their lives. Previous research has found an association between high levels of social capital and lower rates of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Severe disasters have been linked to higher rates of all-cause and CVD mortality. In post-disaster settings social capital may be a valuable resource for protecting against both forms of mortality. Past research shows that social capital can improve access to resources, such as food, water, and medical supplies, that reduce all-cause and CVD mortality. Using previous research …

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Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles Jan 2021

Caregiving And Depressive Symptomatology: Multi-National Testing Of Role Strain Theory, Jessica Valles

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While several studies have shown that caregiving duties are correlated with poor mental health outcomes, little is known about this association and how it varies by the type of care provided, as well as the other types of social roles that the caregiver occupies. Furthermore, the nature of these associations amongst caregivers who have been diagnosed with a chronic condition themselves is also unclear. Role Strain theory offers a foundation by which we can begin to understand the level of burden that results from occupying multiple social roles including that of caregiving. Using dating from the WHO Study on Global …

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An Investigation Of Strain And Support Needs Of Caregivers Of Older Adults With Delirium And Allied Health Promotion Interventions, Jasmine Vickers Jan 2021

An Investigation Of Strain And Support Needs Of Caregivers Of Older Adults With Delirium And Allied Health Promotion Interventions, Jasmine Vickers

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Delirium, or the sudden onset of confusion, is common, highly distressing, debilitating, and deadly among hospitalized older adults and is associated with adverse outcomes for their family caregivers. As people are living longer with more complex conditions, more people will face the task of caregiving for older adults with delirium. Family caregivers can make meaningful contributions to delirium care, but high distress, insufficient knowledge, and lack of skills often seen in caregivers can lead to maladaptation and negative health outcomes. A few studies have focused on distress in caregivers from witnessing delirium episodes; however more research is needed to understand …

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Evaluating The Effects Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Microbiome Analysis Of Carious Lesions, Karol Fernanda Bryant Jan 2021

Evaluating The Effects Of Silver Diamine Fluoride On Microbiome Analysis Of Carious Lesions, Karol Fernanda Bryant

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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the oral bacterial flora before and after application of 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF, manufacturer and city/state) to carious lesions. Methods: Fifteen children with at least one cavitated carious tooth and one healthy tooth were enrolled and following examination, a carious tooth was selected to receive SDF treatment. Prior to SDF treatment, two supragingival plaque samples were obtained (using sterile cotton swabs, then storage in transport fluid and frozen at -80oC until DNA extraction) at the first appointment, one carious tooth, another from a non-carious tooth. At the …

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The Role Of Obesity, Gdm, And Lifestyle Factors On Metabolic Syndrome Scores In Mothers And Their Children 4-10 Years After Pregnancy, Makenzie Callahan Jan 2021

The Role Of Obesity, Gdm, And Lifestyle Factors On Metabolic Syndrome Scores In Mothers And Their Children 4-10 Years After Pregnancy, Makenzie Callahan

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of symptoms that increase risk for heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, early detection of MetS is vital for disease prevention. Gestational diabetes (GDM) and/or obesity during pregnancy are associated with a greater risk for MetS in mothers and their children compared to mothers with no GDM. However, little is known about how much a GDM history or in utero exposure to maternal GDM contributes to MetS risk years after that pregnancy in addition to risk attributable to obesity itself. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was explore how a history of …

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