Digital Commons Network^™

Delivering Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy For Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction As An Over-Encapsulated Polypill: Rationale And Protocol For The Combo-Hf-X Pilot Crossover Randomised Clinical Trial, Colette Dejong, Mark D Huffman, Anubha Agarwal, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: A four-drug regimen of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is underused, in part due to prescriber inertia and low patient adherence. Although fixed-dose combination pills ('polypills') have improved adherence and clinical outcomes for other conditions, there are no polypills available that combine multiple classes of GDMT for HFrEF. Pharmacy-level over-encapsulation, in which several tablets are combined into one capsule, offers an opportunity to create customised HFrEF polypills with the goal of improving delivery of HFrEF therapies.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In the COMBO-HF-X pilot crossover randomised clinical trial, we will enrol 30-40 patients …

Dried Blood Spots To Assess Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health, Tyler A Jacobson, Mark D Huffman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Dried blood spot sampling offers a scalable strategy to close diagnostic gaps and improve global surveillance for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. However, assay performance and the extent of validity vary widely between biomarkers used in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health assessment under different settings and have not been well described. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic search of the literature and a narrative synthesis through April 2024 and included reports with laboratory or field validation measuring biomarkers that can be used in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health assessment. We categorized assays into categories based on laboratory validation: excellent performance (r>0.95 with gold standard methods and …

The Autophagy Protein Atg14 Safeguards Against Unscheduled Pyroptosis Activation To Enable Embryo Transport During Early Pregnancy, Pooja Popli, Arin K Oestreich, Vineet K Maurya, Marina N Rowen, Yong Zhang, Michael J Holtzman, Ramya Masand, John P Lydon, Shizuo Akira, Kelle Moley, Ramakrishna Kommagani

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Recurrent pregnancy loss, characterized by two or more failed clinical pregnancies, poses a significant challenge to reproductive health. In addition to embryo quality and endometrial function, proper oviduct function is also essential for successful pregnancy establishment. Therefore, structural abnormalities or inflammation resulting from infection in the oviduct may impede the transport of embryos to the endometrium, thereby increasing the risk of miscarriage. However, our understanding of the biological processes that preserve the oviductal cellular structure and functional integrity is limited. Here, we report that autophagy-related protein ATG14 plays a crucial role in maintaining the cellular integrity of the oviduct by …

High-Throughput Repurposing Screen Reveals Compounds With Activity Against Toxoplasma Gondii Bradyzoites, Taher Uddin, Jing Xia, Yong Fu, Case W Mcnamara, Arnab K Chatterjee, L David Sibley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

C10-Benzoate Esters Of Anhydrotetracycline Inhibit Tetracycline Destructases And Recover Tetracycline Antibacterial Activity, Emily E Williford, Yao-Peng Xue, Wai Kwan Tang, Ruihao Li, Katherine V Jones, Kevin S Blake, Helen C Blaine, Xiang Lian, Christina L Stallings, Niraj H Tolia, Gautam Dantas, Timothy A Wencewicz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tetracyclines (TCs) are an important class of antibiotics threatened by enzymatic inactivation. These tetracycline-inactivating enzymes, also known as tetracycline destructases (TDases), are a subfamily of class A flavin monooxygenases (FMOs) that catalyze hydroxyl group transfer and oxygen insertion (Baeyer-Villiger type) reactions on TC substrate scaffolds. Semisynthetic modification of TCs (e.g., tigecycline, omadacycline, eravacycline, and sarecycline) has proven effective in evading certain resistance mechanisms, such as ribosomal protection and efflux, but does not protect against TDase-mediated resistance. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new series of 22 semisynthetic TDase inhibitors that explore D-ring substitution of anhydrotetracycline (aTC) …

Expression Of A Single Inhibitory Member Of The Ly49 Receptor Family Is Sufficient To License Nk Cells For Effector Functions, Sytse J Piersma, Shasha Li, Pamela Wong, Michael D Bern, Jennifer Poursine-Laurent, Li-Ping Yang, Diana L Beckman, Bijal A Parikh, Wayne M Yokoyama

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Natural killer (NK) cells recognize target cells through germline-encoded activation and inhibitory receptors enabling effective immunity against viruses and cancer. The Ly49 receptor family in the mouse and killer immunoglobin-like receptor family in humans play a central role in NK cell immunity through recognition of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and related molecules. Functionally, these receptor families are involved in the licensing and rejection of MHC-I-deficient cells through missing-self. The Ly49 family is highly polymorphic, making it challenging to detail the contributions of individual Ly49 receptors to NK cell function. Herein, we showed mice lacking expression of all Ly49s …

Systematic Method For Developing Tailored Strategies For Implementing Point-Of-Care Procalcitonin Testing To Guide Antibiotic Prescribing In Swiss Primary Care: A Protocol For A Mixed-Methods Participatory Approach, Aline Wolfensberger, Sophie Cl Gendolla, Jelena Dunaiceva, Catherine Plüss-Suard, Anne Niquille, Anna Nicolet, Joachim Marti, Byron J Powell, Rahel Naef, Noémie Boillat-Blanco, Yolanda Mueller, Lauren Clack

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, driven largely by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Point-of-care (POC) tests for inflammatory biomarkers like procalcitonin (PCT) have shown promise in reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. The hybrid type II ImpPro trial aims to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of POC-PCT on antibiotic prescriptions by primary care physicians (PCP) in French-speaking Switzerland. Implementation is planned to include a multifaceted strategy delivered mainly, but not exclusively, via PCP quality circles. Currently, little guidance exists on how to best tailor the implementation strategies to a specific context. This study protocol describes the comprehensive …

Environmental Hygiene Strategies To Combat Antimicrobial Resistance In Healthcare Settings, Mary Morgan Lee, Caroline A O'Neil, Lucy Vogt, Jennie H Kwon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

In this manuscript, we highlight current literature on environmental hygiene techniques to combat reservoirs of antibiotic resistant organisms in the healthcare environment. We discuss several topics for each strategy, including mechanism of action, assessment of effectiveness based on studies, cost, and real-world translatability. The techniques and topics summarized here are not inclusive of all available environmental hygiene techniques but highlight some of the more popular and investigated strategies. We focus on the following: Ultraviolet radiation, hydrogen peroxide vapor, copper-coated surfaces, phages, interventions involving sinks, and educational initiatives.

Emergence Of Infective Endocarditis Due To Serratia Spp.: Results Of A Multicenter Cohort, Leah Madeline Mccrary, Douglas Slain, Sunish Shah, Bobbi Jo Stoner, Ashley H Marx, Asher J Schranz

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis due to

METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of adults treated for S-IE at 4 academic health systems in different US states from 2015 to 2021. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association of inpatient mortality with procedural management and combination antibiotic treatment.

RESULTS: A total of 159 cases of S-IE were identified with a qualitative overall increase across the period, and a peak in 2019, although trends varied by site. Seventy-five were due to IDU, 57% involved a single left-sided valve, and inpatient mortality was 21%. In adjusted analyses, including 117 cases from 3 sites, lower inpatient …

Rates Of Hospitalization And Death Due To Covid-19 In Us Veterans With Sars-Cov-2 Infection In The Xbb-, Jn.1-, And Kp-Predominant Eras, Taeyoung Choi, Yan Xie, Ziyad Al-Aly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Between September 2023 and October 2024, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 evolved through 3 variant-predominant eras: XBB, JN.1, and KP. Among 130 263 Department of Veterans Affairs patients with coronavirus disease 2019, hospitalization odds declined for JN.1 (0.81; 95% CI, 0.74-0.89) and KP (0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88) compared with XBB, with consistently low in-hospital death rates across all eras.

Rapid Development Of An Online Tracker To Communicate The Human Impact Of Abruptly Halting Pepfar Support, Brooke E Nichols, Elvin H Geng, Eric Moakley, Andrew N Phillips, Jeffrey W Imai-Eaton, John Stover, Edinah Mudimu, Anna Grimsrud

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Norovirus Co-Opts Ninj1 For Selective Protein Secretion, Jaewon Song, Wandy L Beatty, Anthony Orvedahl, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Plasma membrane rupture by Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) executes programmed cell death, releasing large cellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, the regulation and selectivity of NINJ1-mediated DAMP release remain unexplored. Here, we uncover that murine norovirus (MNoV) strategically co-opts NINJ1 to selectively release the intracellular viral protein NS1, while NINJ1-mediated plasma membrane rupture simultaneously bulk-releases various cellular DAMPs. Host caspase-3 cleaves the precursor NS1/2, leading to NS1 secretion via an unconventional pathway. An unbiased CRISPR screen identifies NINJ1 as an essential factor for NS1 secretion. During infection, NINJ1 is recruited to the viral replication site, where it oligomerizes and forms speckled bodies, …

Strategies, Personnel, And Diversity Of Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs In The United States: Strategies And Composition Of Us Pediatric Asps, Christina S Manice, Alexander S Plattner, Edan Leshem, Jason G Newland, Mari M Nakamura

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize US pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs), including their hospital demographics, staffing, funded full-time equivalents (FTEs) by hospital size, and relative emphasis on recommended stewardship strategies. We examined the self-reported characteristics of ASP personnel with regard to discipline, race, ethnicity, gender identity, and years of experience in antimicrobial stewardship.

DESIGN: Descriptive two-part survey.

SETTING: Pediatric ASPs at hospitals participating in Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship (SHARPS), a pediatric quality improvement collaborative of >70 children's hospitals.

PARTICIPANTS: Survey distributed to 82 US pediatric ASPs, excluding hospitals without pediatric ASPs. Part I completed by ASP leader (physician …

Virologic Effects Of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Vrc01ls And Vrc07-523ls On Chronic Hiv-1 Infection, Myra Happe, Rachel M. Presti, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUNDHIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAbs) have emerged as promising interventions with the potential to effectively treat and prevent HIV-1 infections. We conducted a phase I clinical trial evaluating the potent CD4-binding site-specific (CD4bs-specific) bNAbs VRC01LS and VRC07-523LS in people with HIV-1 (PWH) not receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).METHODSParticipants received a single intravenous 40 mg/kg dose of either VRC01LS (n = 7) or VRC07-523LS (n = 9) and did not initiate ART for a minimum of 14 days. The primary study objective was to evaluate safety and tolerability; the secondary study objectives were to evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) and the impact of …

Impact Of Biocontainment On Small Animal Pet Performance Adapted For Bsl-2/3 Infectious Disease Imaging Research, Isabella Salerno, Nadia Benabdallah, Amanda Fears, Ryan Unnerstall, Lindsey Hauck, Sergey Komarov, Linda Cox, Hanwen Zhang, Kevin Poenicke, Joseph Aromando, Yuan-Chun Tai, Timothy Wencewicz, Deborah J Veis, Daniel L J Thorek

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Biocontainment protocols are critical for conducting infectious disease (ID) research, particularly when using small animal models in biosafety level (BSL) 2/3 environments. This study evaluates the impact of poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) containment vessels on the performance of preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) systems. We tested containment vessels designed with varying wall thicknesses (3, 6, and 9 mm) to simulate ID imaging facility equipment and protocols. Through the use of multicomponent phantoms and in vivo mouse models of Staphylococcus aureus infection, we assessed key performance metrics including count rate, image quality, activity recovery, and spatial resolution.

RESULTS: The results indicate …

Handshake Antimicrobial Stewardship For Adult Surgical Patients, Abby Kosharek, Elizabeth Neuner, Emily Welch, Spenser January, Alice Bewley, Kevin Hsueh, Sena Sayood

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of handshake stewardship on adult general surgical units.

DESIGN: Retrospective quasi-experimental pre- and post-intervention study.

SETTING: A total of 1,278 bed academic medical center with a level 1 trauma center in St. Louis, Missouri.

PATIENTS: Adults admitted to general surgery units.

INTERVENTION: Once weekly handshake antimicrobial stewardship rounds were initiated in January 2022 on adult general surgery units. The handshake stewardship team consisted of an infectious diseases (ID) physician and pharmacist who reviewed charts of patients receiving systemic antimicrobials without a formal ID consult. Antimicrobial recommendations were delivered in person to general surgery teams including trauma, …

2024 Physician-Scientist Trainee Diversity Summit Conference Proceedings, Jessica Weng, Cynthia Y Tang, Kyle T Enriquez, Rohini N Guin, Briana Christophers, Yentli E Soto Albrecht, Daniel B Amusin, Deborah D Rupert, Paige Cooper Byas

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The Physician-Scientist Trainee Diversity Summit, hosted by the American Physician Scientists Association and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, was conceived in 2019 with the mission of developing strategic plans to diversify the physician-scientist community using human-centered design thinking. In June 2024, the second iteration of this conference was held in Raleigh, North Carolina, and brought together a network of scientific and medical organizations to discuss issues of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion facing physician-scientist trainees. This article summarizes the progress made from the first meeting, the proceedings of the 2024 Summit, and a thematic analysis of the recent meeting, offering tangible …

Phosphorylation Of Cryab Induces A Condensatopathy To Worsen Post-Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Remodeling, Moydul Islam, David R. Rawnsley, Xiucui Ma, Walter Navid, Chen Zhao, Xumin Guan, Layla Foroughi, John T. Murphy, Honora Navid, Carla J. Weinheimer, Attila Kovacs, Jessica Nigro, Aaradhya Diwan, Ryan P. Chang, Minu Kumari, Martin E. Young, Babak Razani, Kenneth B. Margulies, Mahmoud Abdellatif, Simon Sedej, Ali Javaheri, Douglas F. Covey, Kartik Mani, Abhinav Diwan

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Protein aggregates are emerging therapeutic targets in rare monogenic causes of cardiomyopathy and amyloid heart disease, but their role in more prevalent heart-failure syndromes remains mechanistically unexamined. We observed mislocalization of desmin and sarcomeric proteins to aggregates in human myocardium with ischemic cardiomyopathy and in mouse hearts with post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling, mimicking findings of autosomal-dominant cardiomyopathy induced by the R120G mutation in the cognate chaperone protein CRYAB. In both syndromes, we demonstrate increased partitioning of CRYAB phosphorylated on serine 59 to NP40-insoluble aggregate-rich biochemical fraction. While CRYAB undergoes phase separation to form condensates, the phosphomimetic mutation of serine 59 …

Punch Cd3-Ols: A Phase 3 Prospective Observational Cohort Study To Evaluate The Safety And Efficacy Of Fecal Microbiota, Live-Jslm (Rebyota) In Adults With Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Paul Feuerstadt, Teena Chopra, Whitfield Knapple, Nicholas W Van Hise, Erik R Dubberke, Brian Baggott, Beth Guthmueller, Lindy Bancke, Michael Gamborg, Theodore S Steiner, Daniel Van Handel, Sahil Khanna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; REBYOTA)-the first single-dose, broad consortia microbiota-based live biotherapeutic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in adults following standard-of-care (SOC) antibiotic treatment.

METHODS: PUNCH CD3-OLS was a prospective, phase 3, open-label study, conducted across the US and Canada. Participants were aged ≥18 years with documented rCDI and confirmed use of SOC antibiotics. Participants with comorbidities including inflammatory bowel disease and mild-to-moderate immunocompromising conditions could be enrolled. A single dose of RBL was rectally administered …

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Il-7 In Critically Ill Patients With Covid-19, Manu Shankar-Hari, Kenneth E. Remy, Jane Blood, Andrew H. Walton, Teresa Blood, Richard Hotchkiss, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Lymphopenia and failure of lymphocytes to mount an early IFN-γ response correlate with increased mortality in COVID-19. Given the essential role of CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic cells in eliminating viral pathogens, this profound loss in lymphocytes may impair patients' ability to eliminate the virus. IL-7 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is obligatory for lymphocyte survival and optimal function.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of CYT107, recombinant human IL-7, in 109 critically ill, patients with lymphopenia who have COVID-19. The primary endpoint was to assess CYT107's effect on lymphocyte recovery with secondary clinical endpoints including …

Toxoplasma Chitinase-Like Protein Orchestrates Cyst Wall Glycosylation To Facilitate Effector Export And Cyst Turnover, Yong Fu, Tadakimi Tomita, Louis M Weiss, Christopher M West, L David Sibley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Intersection Of Race And Rurality With Health Care-Associated Infections And Subsequent Outcomes, Katelin B Nickel, Hannah Kinzer, Anne M Butler, Karen E Joynt Maddox, Victoria J Fraser, Jason P Burnham, Jennie H Kwon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but little is known about whether structural factors impacting race and rurality are associated with HAI and subsequent outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of race and rurality, which are proxies for structural disadvantage, with HAI and subsequent outcomes.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study was conducted at 3 US urban and suburban hospitals. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older admitted for 48 hours or longer from January 1, 2017, to August 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2022 to April 2024. …

Multi-Modal Prediction Of Extracorporeal Support-A Resource Intensive Therapy, Utilizing A Large National Database, Daoyi Zhu, Bing Xue, Neel Shah, Philip Richard Orrin Payne, Chenyang Lu, Ahmed Sameh Said

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is among the most resource-intensive therapies in critical care. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the lack of ECMO resource allocation tools. We aimed to develop a continuous ECMO risk prediction model to enhance patient triage and resource allocation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We leveraged multimodal data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) to develop a hierarchical deep learning model, labeled "PreEMPT-ECMO" (Prediction, Early Monitoring, and Proactive Triage for ECMO) which integrates static and multi-granularity time series features to generate continuous predictions of ECMO utilization. Model performance was assessed across time points ranging from 0 to 96 …

Environmental Sustainability In The Outpatient Clinic Setting, Matthew M Sattler, Monica Abd El Nour, Virginia R Mckay, Jason P Burnham

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This article will highlight recent efforts published in the medical literature to promote environmental sustainability in the outpatient clinic setting, which are likely to be feasible for health professionals to implement in their own practices. These potential efforts are divided into 3 broad categories: (1) reducing travel to the clinic when feasible, (2) reducing waste production in the clinic, and (3) optimizing the use of high-value diagnostics and therapeutics. As research specifically related to interventions to promote environmental sustainability in outpatient clinics is relatively limited, health professionals are encouraged to continue sharing success stories from their own practice.

Mechanisms Of Uropathogenic E. Coli Mucosal Association In The Gastrointestinal Tract, Philippe N Azimzadeh, Nathaniel C Gualbuerto, Jerome S Pinkner, Kevin O Tamadonfar, Wandy Beatty, Thomas J Hannan, Karen W Dodson, Enid C Ibarra, Seonyoung Kim, Henry L Schreiber, James W Janetka, Andrew L Kau, Mark J Miller, Scott J Hultgren, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly recurrent and frequently caused by Uropathogenic

The Impact Of Quantitative Platform On Candidacy For Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Max Wayne, Suchitra Pilli, Hee Jae Choi, Nathaniel Moulton, Praveen Chenna, Allen Cole Burks, Alexander Chen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) can be an effective treatment for highly selected patients with severe emphysema but only half of carefully selected patients derive clinical benefit. Two commercially available platforms exist to help determine candidacy for BLVR via quantitative analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if the two commercially available quantitative platforms identified the same patient population that may benefit from BLVR.

DESIGN: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

METHODS: Consecutive patients referred for BLVR between January 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023 at three medical centers in the United States with the same CT scan …

Comparison Of Sampling And Culture Methods For The Recovery Of Yeast From Hospital Surfaces, Allison R Eberly, Alyssa M Valencia, Kate Peacock, David Mcdonald, Tiffany Hink, Carleigh Samuels, Lucy Vogt, Yao-Peng Xue, Maggie Newberry, Caroline A O'Neil, Gautam Dantas, Jennie H Kwon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To compare the recovery of yeast from hospital surfaces from two different collection methods: Eswab moistened with molecular water, and premoistened stick-mounted sponge.

DESIGN: Comparison of collection methods for the recovery of yeast in the hospital environment.

SETTING: This study took place at intensive care units of a large academic medical center.

Education Strategies Are The Most Commonly Used In Pediatric Rehabilitation Implementation Research: A Scoping Review, Sahar Ghahramani, Sophia C Larson, Allison J L'Hotta, Kelly M Harris, Kim Lipsey, Elvin H Geng, Lisa A Juckett, Catherine R Hoyt

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Approximately one in six children has a disability, and effective, evidence-based rehabilitation can ameliorate the impact of these conditions over the lifespan. However, implementing interventions in real-world settings remains a challenge. This scoping review aimed to summarize the characteristics, implementation strategies, and outcomes of implementation studies in pediatric rehabilitation.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Web of Science from the database inception to December 2, 2022. Studies testing implementation strategies in pediatric rehabilitation interventions were included. Data extracted included study characteristics (e.g., country, intervention type, field of rehabilitation), implementation strategies characterized using the …

Rapid Viral Suppression Using Integrase Inhibitors During Acute Hiv-1 Infection, Mehri S Mckellar, Jessica R Keys, Lindsey M Filiatreau, Kara S Mcgee, Joann D Kuruc, Guido Ferrari, David M Margolis, Joseph J Eron, Charles B Hicks, Cynthia L Gay

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all individuals with HIV infection, including those with acute HIV-1 infection (AHI). While recommendations are similar to those for chronic infection, efficacy data regarding treatment of acute HIV is limited.

METHODS: This was a single arm, 96-week study of a once-daily integrase inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimen using elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) in AHI. Primary endpoint was proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/mL and <50 copies/mL by treatment weeks 24 and 48, respectively. We also examined time to viral suppression and weight gain after treatment initiation. Outcomes and characteristics were compared with a historical AHI cohort using a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen with efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV/FTC/TDF).

RESULTS: Thirty-three participants with AHI were enrolled with 31 available for analyses. Most were African American (61%) and men who have sex with men (73%). Median age was 26 (IQR 22-42). Demographics …

Differential Microbial Community Assembly Following Co-Housing Versus Microbiota Transplant, James S Weagley, Luis Alberto Chica Cárdenas, Ana Romani, Meagan E Sullender, Somya Aggarwal, Heyde Makimaa, Michael P Hogarty, Rachel Rodgers, Elizabeth A Kennedy, Lynne Foster, Lawrence A Schriefer, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Mouse models are vital tools for discerning the relative contributions of host and microbial genetics to disease, often requiring the transfer of microbiota between different mouse strains. Transfer methods include antibiotic treatment of recipients and colonization using either co-housing with donors or the transplantation of faecal or caecal donor material. However, the efficiency and dynamics of these methods in reconstituting recipients with donor microbes is not well understood. We thus directly compared co-housing, faecal transplantation, and caecal transplantation methods. Donor mice from Taconic Biosciences, possessing distinct microbial communities, served as the microbial source for recipient mice from Jackson Laboratories, which …