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An Agenda-Setting Report: Biome Monitoring For Human Health, Peter Roumeliotis

Public Health Theses

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing frequency with which zoonotic diseases of pandemic potential have emerged in recent decades, it is vital to seek new methods of preventing disease outbreaks before they occur. Novel information age technologies have the potential to change the game for infectious disease outbreak monitoring. This paper addresses the overall opportunity that exists for biome surveillance as a means for health monitoring, particularly the way that the domains of technological and biological sciences can unite to prevent the next pandemic before it gets a chance to take hold. This report outlines the numerous …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On People With Disabilities: Pandemic-Related Stress And Contribution To The Disability Community As Predictors Of Posttraumatic Growth, Megan Marie Roy

Public Health Theses

People with disabilities (PWD) face many existing barriers and unjust conditions that contribute to negative psychosocial outcomes. PWD have also been disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has introduced unique sources of stress and trauma in the disability community. However, scant research attention has been paid toward its effects on the mental health of PWD, especially factors that may buffer risk or foster positive psychological outcomes. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of pandemic-related stress on posttraumatic growth (PTG), or the perceived psychological benefits accrued as a result of struggle with a major life challenge or crisis (Tedeschi & …

Association Between Maternal Stress And Parental Responses To Child Development As Measured By Hpa Axis Biomarkers, Crystal Maureen Ruiz

Public Health Theses

Background. This study aims to assess the association between perceived stress and maternal responses to child developmental behavior, utilizing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis biomarkers to measure maternal stress: cortisol, cortisone, DHEA and testosterone.

Methods. This study was conducted using data collected from a randomly selected sample of mother-infant dyads from the Bachpan cohort. This analysis focuses on data collected at baseline and 36 months postpartum. Of the women who screened positive for depressive symptoms at baseline (n=889) and provided responses to the 36-month questionnaire assessing perceived stress, a sub-sample (n=90) provided hair cortisol concentration (HCC) samples and completed a questionnaire concerning …

Implementation, Prevalence, And Referral Rates Of Patient-Reported Outcomes Of Distress And Depression Screening In Oncology Care, Emily Erin Saadi

Public Health Theses

Clinical depression and distress are prevalent in cancer patients and are often unrecognized by clinicians. However, patient-reported outcomes, or PROs, can facilitate provider assessment of oncology treatment plans by detecting depressive and distress symptoms early in a patient’s cancer trajectory. Since PROs capture patients’ subjective experience, they provide invaluable insight into patient satisfaction, quality of life, and mental health. In April 2019, leadership at Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale New Haven Health implemented a new, electronic workflow that widely disseminated PHQ-9 and NCCN Distress questionnaires to patients seen in three Smilow Cancer Hospital Care Centers. The objective of this pilot …

“We Are Left Alone”: A Qualitative Study Of Life Satisfaction Of Older Adults In Rural Nepal, Anna Elisabeth Schwartz

Public Health Theses

Considering that the aging population in the Southeast Asian region is rapidly growing, there is an increasing need to promote the subjective well-being of older adults. However, few studies have investigated mechanisms of life satisfaction in developing countries in the Southeast Asian region. This research gap needs to be addressed, since aging and life satisfaction are complex processes that are experienced differently in various sociocultural contexts. The purpose of this study is to understand meanings of life satisfaction and experiences of aging through the perspectives of older adults who live in Jumla, Nepal. We conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with twenty …

Associations Between Restorative Justice Policies And Mental Health Among Women Survivors Of Intimate Partner Violence, Laurel Ann Sharpless

Public Health Theses

Introduction: Intimate partner violence (IPV) can impact the mental health of survivors; however, little is known about the role of state-level restorative justice policies. Restorative justice policies are survivor-centered justice approaches focused on repairing harm between the survivor and perpetrator while ensuring perpetrator accountability, which may buffer the mental health outcomes among IPV survivors. Furthermore, the impact of restorative justice policies on mental health may be influenced by the degree of state-level support for policy implementation through administrative guidelines or program funding. This study examined: (1) the relationship between IPV exposure and women’s perceived mental health and assessed state restorative …

Sex Difference In Identification Of Predictive Tumor Tissue Metabolites Associated With Colorectal Cancer Prognosis, Xinyi Shen

Public Health Theses

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third major cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States in 2020. Sex-related differences in CRC stage, prognosis, and metabolism have become increasingly popular in cancer research. Males have poorer survival for CRC, but females with right-sided colon cancer (RCC) have aberrant metabolism correlated with poor survival. Delay in knowing the condition of CRC in female patients would result in poor prognosis, which could be avoided by predicting prognostic outcomes. Random Survival Forest (RSF) is ideal for exploration and making predictions using metabolomics data with high dimension, strong collinearity, and heterogeneity, which CPH models could …

Health-Related Quality Of Life In Endometrial Cancer Survivors, Michelle Sodipo

Public Health Theses

Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs and one of few cancers in the United States with rising incidence and mortality rates. Few studies have examined factors that influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of endometrial cancer survivors after active treatment and existing studies have been limited in sample size. In this study, we examined sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with HRQOL and symptom burden in a national sample of endometrial cancer survivors.

Methods: We evaluated 331 endometrial cancer survivors from the longitudinal American Cancer Society’s Study of Cancer Survivors-I who completed self-administered questionnaires …

Long-Term Cancer Survivors' Use Of Healthcare Providers, Madeleine Tessier-Kay

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Introduction: The number of long-term (>5 years post-diagnosis) cancer survivors in the United States is growing, making it critical to understand how they utilize healthcare for their past cancer diagnosis. There are limited data on patient characteristics associated with care utilization patterns. Methods: Data are reported from the 9-year post-diagnosis follow-up of the Connecticut participants (n=399) in the American Cancer Society’s Study of Cancer Survivors-I. We assessed characteristics associated with long-term primary cancer care provider (cancer specialist vs. primary care physician (PCP), shared care vs. PCP) and number of PCP visits in the past year via multinomial logistic …

Genetic Determinants For Cancer Risks With Racial Differences And Asthma, Yinqiao Wang

Public Health Theses

Over the past decade, many studies have found disproportionally higher prostate cancer among men of African ancestry, and testicular cancer incidences among men of European ancestry, compared with men from other ethnicity/race groups. However, genetic determinants that could potentially explain this observation are unclear. This study collected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the two cancer types and compared the frequencies of each risk allele of SNPs among men of African or European ancestry from several genetic databases. When comparing the frequencies of risk alleles that are associated with prostate and testicular cancers, significant differences were found between those of …

Investigation On The Association Between Unconventional Oil And Gas Development And Traffic Accident Rates In Ohio, Hubian Wang

Public Health Theses

The oil and gas drilling activities had greatly developed in Ohio in past decade. Unconventional natural gas development is a newly developed technology, which requires more heavy-truck trips in the drilling process. Limited studies investigated the association between drilling activities and increased rate of traffic accidents. Ecological study was conducted to analyze the association. Number of unconventional wells were obtained as exposure variable from Ohio department of natural source, and the data of traffic crashes were collected as outcome variable from Ohio department of public safety. Other variables including sociodemographic data and spatial distribution of primary roads were examining as …

Determining The Relationship Between Sars-Cov-2 Infection And Streptococcus Pneumoniae In Clinical Saliva Samples, Anne Watkins

Public Health Theses

Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a commonly found upper respiratory tract colonizer that can progress to more severe disease forms such as pneumonia. Interactions with respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 have been previously identified such that S. pneumoniae may sometimes enhance disease or occur as a secondary or co-infection. With the recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 there is limited data available describing this specific pathogen relationship that could play a role in the breadth and severity of the pandemic. Methods. Inpatients and healthcare workers testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 March 2020-August 2020 were tested for S. pneumoniae through saliva culture enrichment and RT-qPCR …

Wholesome Wave: Impact Evaluation Report For The Depth2020 Fruit And Vegetable Incentive Program, Abigail Waugh

Public Health Theses

The purpose of the current evaluation is to assess the role of the Wholesome Wave Depth2020 Fruit and Vegetable Incentive program and its components on participants’ outcomes related to health, knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. It was found that after the 6-month fruit and vegetable incentive program, participants’ general health significantly increased, and participants’ number of chronic diseases being managed significantly decreased. Consumption of both fruits and vegetables increased during the program; there was not a significant change in participants’ knowledge about the benefits of fruits and vegetables or in participants’ children’s attitudes about fruit or vegetables. Participants’ pre- and post-program …

Transmission Dynamics Of Covid-19 Under Differential Levels Of Masking And Vaccination, Kathryn Willebrand

Public Health Theses

Background: Widespread use of cloth or medical masks by the public contributed to decreased transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. Vaccinations granted Emergency Use Authorization in late 2020 and early 2021 offered another measure for preventing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. Combining pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions was estimated to further decrease transmission. However, pressure to repeal mask mandates is growing as more and more people are vaccinated. Therefore, it is vital to understand how changing masking behaviors and increasing proportion of individuals vaccinated impact the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: I …

The Impact Of The Accuracy Of Hiv Risk Perception On Hiv Risk Behavior Changes Among Women With Substance Use Disorders In Treatment., Yiwen Ye

Public Health Theses

Studies involving women or women with SUDs for PrEP are limited even though in many areas of the world women remain at high-risk for HIV acquisition. This study is to evaluate the impact of accuracy of HIV risk perception on HIV risk behaviors changes over time among women with substance use disorders in treatment, including sexual and injecting risk behaviors. This is a secondary analysis based on a preference controlled un-blinded study. This study enrolled 165 cis- or trans-female volunteers ≥18 years old who were self-reported HIV-uninfected, had diagnosed SUDs, and were presenting for or currently enrolled in drug treatment. …

Vector-Host Interactions Of Culex Pipiens Mosquitoes And Their Role In Arbovirus Transmission In The Mid-Atlantic United States, Karen Jane Yuan

Public Health Theses

As the primary vector for the West Nile virus in the United States, members of the Culex pipiens complex have caused illnesses and deaths in the human population since its discovery in 1937. The potential contribution of Cx. pipiens to transmission and enzootic amplification of WNV can be influenced by multiple aspects, including their interactions with various vertebrate hosts as an important factor. By using blood meal analysis and virus testing, this study further investigated the role of Cx. pipiens in WNV transmission and amplification. With 91% of blood meals identified from avian species, birds remain the most frequent source …

Associations Of Sars-Cov-2 Serum Igg With Occupation And Demographics Of Military Personnel, Joseph Zell

Public Health Theses

BACKGROUND: Countries across the globe have mobilized their armed forces in response to COVID-19, placing them at increased risk for viral exposure. Humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 among military personnel serve as biomarkers of infection and provide a basis for disease surveillance and recognition of work-related risk factors.METHODS: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to measure SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen-specific IgG in serum obtained from N-995 US Army and Air National Guard soldiers between April and June 2020. Occupational information, e.g. military operating specialty (MOS) codes, and demographic data were obtained via questionnaire. Plaque assays with live SARS-CoV-2 were used to assess …

Identification Of Genetic Factors For Metabolically Healthy Obese And Metabolically Obese Normal-Weight, Junli Zhu

Public Health Theses

Though obesity is typically associated with metabolic dysfunction and cardiometabolic diseases, there are both obese individuals who have favorable metabolic profiles (metabolically healthy obese; MHO) and individuals who present obesity alterations despite their normal weight (metabolically obese normal weight; MONW). Genetic studies suggest that there is a genetic component underlying these phenotypes. However, previous research has been restricted by the use of the candidate gene approach, limited choice of metabolic indicators, and low statistical power. A genome-wide association (GWA) study that examines both MHO and MONW in a single large-scale population cohort is necessary to uncover the genetic determinants of …

What Will Be Enough? Suicide Prevention Challenges Of A Parking Garage, Shirley Zhen

Public Health Theses

Objectives: This project assesses deaths by jumping at a prominent parking garage in New Haven, CT in order to improve upon structural suicide prevention efforts.Methods: Individuals and organizations potentially involved with the garage were identified and contacted for information regarding any previous suicide prevention efforts, reasons for lack of prior interventions, and any existing or future plans for structural interventions. Physical evaluation of the garage was assessed for accessibility to the rooftop level and features that potentially contribute to the location as a jumping site. Data on suicide deaths was gathered from news reports and the CT Chief Medical Examiner …

Htra1 Expression In Humanized Arms2 Knock-In Mouse Models, Yunfan Zhang

Public Health Theses

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of central vision loss in developed world. Two genes on chromosome 10q26, maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) and HtrA serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) were identified as candidate genetic factors of AMD. However, due to the high linkage disequilibrium across the locus as well as the inconsistent functional findings regarding the two genes, it is difficult to distinguish the causative gene that confer the risk of AMD. To provide insight of the functional roles of ARMS2 and HTRA1 in the pathogenesis of AMD, we investigated the regulation relationship between the two genes in …

Historical Review Of Bankia - About Bankia, Caixabank

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No abstract provided.

The Crisis Management Framework For Banks In The Eu. How Can We Deal With The Crisis Of Small And Medium-Sized Banks?, Banca D'Italia/Central Bank Of Italy

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No abstract provided.

Yes Bank Fiasco: Arrogance Or Negligence, Shakeb Akhtar, Mahfooz Alam, Mohd Mohsin Khan

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No abstract provided.

Utilizing Qualitative Methods To Inform Interventions For Addressing Alcohol Use During Pregnancy, Chaarushi Ahuja

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: In the United States, nearly 12% of women report alcohol use during pregnancy despite recommendations of complete abstinence by government agencies and professional medical organizations. Multiple public health and screening interventions are effective in promoting increased knowledge and abstinence amongst pregnant women. However, the interventions generally provide broad, non-specific content, and the messaging is not directly tailored to the specific motivations and barriers that women face when making decisions about alcohol use during pregnancy. Since tailoring content and messages can improve effectiveness of interventions, a deeper qualitative investigation into the context surrounding alcohol use during pregnancy is warranted. Methods: …

Physician Burnout: An Assessment Of Impact, Drivers And Design Of Prevention Programs, David Dupee

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Burnout merits close study, with particular attention paid to means of quantifying institutional impact, reducing provider burnout burden, and measuring said burden. This study utilized economic and qualitative analyses to indicate institutional impact. It modified and piloted an intervention for attending level physicians. It also proposes a novel wellness program for resident physicians based off of triumphs and gaps in literature. Lastly, it utilizes survey comparison to track overall changes in burnout rate at Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH). Overall, the cost of physician burnout at YNHH was estimated to range between $171 and $233 million annually. Reducing physician burnout …

State Bank Of India Annual Report 2021, State Bank Of India

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No abstract provided.

Spain - Fondo De Reestructuracion Ordenada Bancaria (Frob) Capital Injections Capital Injections, Priya Sankar

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No abstract provided.

The Custodian Of Trust: A Banker's Memoir, Rajnish Kumar

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No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Pandemic And The Fed's Muni Program On Illinois Muni Yields, Robert Bernhardt, Stefania D'Amico, Santiago I. Sordo Palacios

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No abstract provided.

Factors Affecting Reserve Balances - H.4.1 (December 31, 2020), Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

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No abstract provided.