Digital Commons Network^™

Classic Article: On Properties Of Seawater Defined By Temperature, Salinity, And Pressure, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic station data, consisting principally of temperature and salinity determinations, have been used by physical oceanographers to develop a climatological picture of the distribution of these quantities in the oceans of the world. Density as determined by Knudsen's formula, taken together with hydrostatic and geostrophic dynamics, also provides a crude picture of oceanic flow. However, the data probably contain substantially more information than has been derived from them in the past.The quantity that is orthogonal to potential-density curves in the θS plane is suggested as a useful variable to complement the information contained in potential density. The derivation of …

Nitrogen Cycling In Muddy Sediments Of Great Peconic Bay, Usa: Seasonal N Reaction Balances And Multi-Year Flux Patterns, Stuart Waugh, Robert C. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

To better understand the capacity of sediments to serve as both source and sink of nitrogen (N) and to identify any evidence of evolving changes in sedimentary N cycling, N₂ production, N remineralization, and N₂ fixation were studied over a multi-year period (2010–2015) in bioturbated mud of Great Peconic Bay, a temperate northeastern U. S. estuary. Benthic fluxes and rates of organic matter remineralization were measured using in situ and ex situ incubations. Net annual NH⁺ ₄, NO–₃/NO–₂, and N₂–N fluxes (μ = 1.1, 0.03, and 1.2 mmol m ^{–2 …}

Density And Size-Dependent Bioturbation Effects Of The Infaunal Polychaete Nephtys Incisa On Sediment Biogeochemistry And Solute Exchange, Emma Michaud, Robert C. Aller, Qingzhi Zhu, Christina Heilbrun, Georges Stora

Journal of Marine Research

The impact of bioturbation on the geochemistry of aquatic sediments is known to depend on the benthic infauna species that are present. However, burrowing and activity patterns of each species may also change during the different stages of a life cycle. In this study, we examined the effects of four size classes of the polychaete Nephtys incisa on burrow networks and sediment biogeochemistry. In our experimental aquaria, the total biovolume (~ biomass) of Nephtys was kept constant, but different age classes were introduced, so the size and abundance varied between treatments. Despite differences in the geometry of burrow networks (due …

The Productivity Consequences Of Pollution-Induced Migration In China, Gaurav Khanna, Wenquan Liang, A. Mushfiq Mobarak, Ran Song

Discussion Papers

Migration and pollution are two defining features of China's impressive growth performance over the last 30 years. In this paper we study the migration response to pollution in Chinese cities, and its consequences for productivity and welfare. We document a robust pattern in which skilled workers emigrate more in response to pollution than the unskilled. Their greater sensitivity to air quality holds up in cross-sectional variation across cities, panel variation with individual fixed-effects, and when instrumenting for pollution using distant power-plants upwind of cities, or thermal inversions that trap pollution. Pollution therefore changes the spatial distribution of skilled and unskilled …

Chest Masculinization Surgery: Outcomes, Challenges, And Opportunities For Innovation In Gender-Affirming Care, Sumun Khetpal

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

With the increasing demand for gender-affirming surgeries, it has become paramount for plastic and reconstructive surgeons to evaluate their techniques through assessment of clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Chest wall masculinization is the most commonly performed gender-affirming surgical intervention for transgender male and non-binary patients. The procedure has been cited to alleviate gender dysphoria, defined as the stress that results from the incongruence between one’s sex assigned at birth and one’s gender identity. Peri-areolar and double-incision mastectomy with free nipple grafts, are the most common techniques employed in chest masculinization surgery, but are limited by their relative inconsistency and inefficiency …

A Qualitative Approach To Understanding The Attitudes Of Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialists Regarding Prenatal Diagnosis, Disability And Termination, Aminah Sallam

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Prenatal detection of congenital anomalies has forced Maternal Fetal Medicine specialists (MFMs) to navigate many new ethical and legal issues when counseling expecting parents. And yet, little is known about the attitudes, beliefs and perceptions of MFMs regarding the intersection of prenatal diagnosis, disability and termination. Thus, we aimed to identify the key attitudes and opinions surrounding prenatal genetic testing, disability and termination of MFM specialists who counsel expectant mothers with a prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomaly.

Methods: This was a prospective, qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with MFMs across the nation, recruited through the snow-ball method. Interviews were …

Complement-Induced Post-Translational Regulation Of Tgf-Ss Signaling On Endothelial Cells, Kevin Liu

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a complex vaso-occlusive complication of heart transplantation currently identified as a major limiting factor to long-term survival in those who receive a cardiac transplant. In CAV, neointimal lesions form in graft vessels leading to ischemic complications and ultimately allograft loss. CAV is medically untreatable and affects ~50% of heart transplant patients. Endothelial cells (ECs) are a critical site where CAV lesions form, and antibodies produced by the recipient that bind to donor HLA molecules on graft endothelium (donor specific antibodies) have been identified as a key mediator in this process. Recent studies have further identified …

Preventing Recurrent Falls In Elderly Home Bound Health Plan Members, Debra Sylvester

Yale School of Nursing Digital Theses

Falls have become a major public health concern. As the population ages, the prevalence of falls among older adults continues to increase, as does mortality and morbidity. Evidence-based assessment and intervention tools are widely available, though in practice, providers experience challenges utilizing them. Homebound older adults are at particular risk since they have mobility and transportation barriers that prevent access to community fall screening and primary care sites. This project focused on the provision of fall assessment, interventions, and coordination of fall-prevention services for community-dwelling, homebound older adults covered by a managed health plan. A standardized fall assessment and intervention …

A Comprehensive Study Of Comorbidities And Treatments Including Tnf-⍺ Inhibitors In Patients With Acute Scleritis, Ahmad Abdel-Aty

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Scleritis is a highly symptomatic inflammatory disease of the sclera. We conducted a retrospective study to identify demographic factors and comorbidities associated with resolution of scleritis, to compare patient outcomes on different treatments for scleritis, and to compare treatment utilization by the different medical specialties that manage scleritis. The medical records of all patients with a CPT code for scleritis seen at a tertiary care center from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2020 were reviewed. Data was collected on demographic factors, comorbidities, and treatment. The primary outcome measures were time until resolution of disease, defined as quiescence of inflammation …

“[The Pediatrician] Said That Maybe My Milk, Instead Of Doing Good, No Longer Helped”: The Ecology Of Infant Formula In Rural Communities In Central Mexico., Paulina Luna Martinez

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The objective of this study was to determine the social and cultural factors that influence the use of formula in two rural and indigenous communities in Central Mexico. We used a qualitative methodology based on the socioecological framework and integrative model of behavior. Interviews and focus groups were carried out with mothers, fathers, and grandparents of children two years of age or younger and healthcare providers attending to mothers and infants. We found that breastfeeding was still favored in both communities, however, many mothers viewed formula as a complement for breastfeeding. Young and first-time mothers were more likely to prefer …

Characteristics, Motivations, And Experiences Of Women Using Nitrous Oxide During Childbirth, Gwendolyn Towers

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

CHARACTERISTICS, MOTIVATIONS, AND EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN USING NITROUS OXIDE IN CHILDBIRTH

Gwendolyn Towers, Michelle Telfer, Jessica L. Illuzzi. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

Nitrous oxide labor analgesia is growing in popularity in the United States, with little known regarding the factors driving this trend or about women’s experiences with the method. This study, which includes both a quantitative and a qualitative component, contributes to our understanding of the use of nitrous oxide labor analgesia in the US by exploring the following: (1) who uses the method and how these women …

The Future Of Global Interventional Radiology, Austin-Marley Windham-Herman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Interventional Radiology (IR) has become an integral component of modern, developed healthcare systems. The minimally invasive, image-guided procedures that the field offers are highly effective and often lead to significantly less morbidity than alternative surgical options. The growth of IR globally is in an early phase; however, patients and healthcare systems stand to benefit from its rapid expansion and integration around the world.

Globally, billions of people are without access to safe surgery and diagnostic imaging. However, the democratization of radiology resources such as portable ultrasound and low-cost medical devices is making IR more accessible than ever before. Global healthcare …

Upwelling Velocity And Ventilation In The Western South China Sea Deduced From Cfc-12 And Sf6 Observations, Weimin Wang, Peng Huang, Hengxiang Deng, Mian Chen, Minggang Cai, Zhiyou Jing, Shihao Luo, Xuehong Zheng, Chunhui Wang, Hongwei Ke

Journal of Marine Research

This study presents observations of the transient tracers CFC-12 and SF₆ in the western South China Sea during the fall of 2015. A CFC-12 maximum was discovered in the western South China Sea at the subsurface layer (150–200 m), which could be traced back to the North Pacific Tropical Water. The transit time distribution approach was used to estimate the ventilation time in this area. The constrained Δ /Γ ratio of 0.5 was obtained using CFC-12/SF₆ tracer pair. This ratio is lower than the empirical unit ratio of one as used for previous estimates. Waters in the northern …

Editor's Commentary: A Bathythermograph, Kenneth H. Brink

Journal of Marine Research

In this classic, Athelstan Spilhaus reports on his progress on a prototype of the mechanical bathythermograph, a project that C.-G. Rossby encouraged him to pursue. Although now most often seen in museums or on movie sets (they look a bit like rockets), bathythermographs were extremely influential from the later 1930s into the 1950s. These remarkable, durable instruments allowed continuous traces of temperature versus depth (previously measured as bottle temperatures at typically 50-m separations), and so opened up an entirely new vision of what ocean thermal structure actually looks like. Spilhaus further provides some actual data...

Classic Article: On The Process Of Upwelling, H. U. Sverdrup

Journal of Marine Research

The phenomenon of upwelling which is present along many coasts has been discussed from various points of view. A general explanation of the phenomenon has been given by application of Ekman’s theory of wind driven currents (Thorade 1909; McEwen 1912), and emphasis has been put on the velocity of the vertical motion (McEwen 1934) or on the depth from which water is brought to the surface (Sverdrup 1930; Gunther 1936). Defant (1936) has discussed the horizontal and vertical motion and the distribution of density within the region of upwelling off the coast of southwest Africa, but his analysis is based …

Uniting The Front: A Qualitative Exploration Of The Community Health Worker Covid-19 Pandemic Response In Connecticut, Serena Ly

Public Health Theses

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) are becoming increasingly recognized for their contributions to community health. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to devastate poor and underserved communities, leveraging CHWs’ experiences with vulnerable community members is key to developing an equity-centered pandemic response. This qualitative research study aimed to explore how CHWs have addressed emerging community needs and whether health and emergency management systems have fully integrated CHWs in the COVID-19 pandemic response. This study further aimed to assess, through CHWs perceptions, how well health systems have safeguarded CHWs’ health and wellbeing as they support impacted communities.

Methods: CHWs and their managers …

An Analysis Of Otolaryngology Medical Malpractice Payments From The National Practitioner Data Bank, Christopher Thomas Breen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

AN ANALYSIS OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY MEDICAL MALPRACTICE PAYMENTS FROM THE NATIONAL PRACTITIONER DATA BANKChristopher T. Breen and Saral Mehra. Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

The aims of this thesis were to describe malpractice payments made on behalf of otolaryngologists, analyze trends over time, and test the association of payment amount with severity of alleged malpractice and patient age. Through a retrospective cross-sectional study of the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB), we analyzed all payments made on behalf of otolaryngologists from 1991 to 2018 that were reported to the NPDB. Descriptive statistics were …

Regulated Apoptosis In C. Elegans Development, Nathan Lifton

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

REGULATED APOPTOSIS IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS DEVELOPMENT.Nathan Lifton, Alison Kochersberger, and Marc Hammarlund, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. We have used chromosome engineering in C. elegans to develop a model animal in which cells normally undergoing developmental programmed cell death (DPCD) survive and are visibly marked. This system uses three elements: The first is a mutation in the apoptosis activator, ced-3, that drives developmental programmed cell death, such that cells normally killed by DPCD survive. The second is a cassette in which the gene encoding the bacterial enzyme Cre recombinase is expressed under transcriptional control …

Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2021-2022, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

Outstanding Balance Of Funds By Account, Government Of Japan: Deposit Insurance Corporation

Documents

No abstract provided.

Medicine@Yale January/February 2021 Volume 16, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

The Digital Divide In Telemedicine Care During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Connor Grady

Public Health Theses

Intro: Telemedicine has offset disruptions to outpatient chronic disease care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Studies have shown decreased video telemedicine engagement among patients of Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, older age, and with public insurance. We assessed if similar patterns were seen among providers who predominantly adopted video telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A single-center longitudinal study of cardiovascular patients from March 16-October 31, 2020 was performed to study trends in video visit volume, variation in provider use of video visits, and identify predictors of video (vs. phone) visits using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression.

Results: A total of …

Was New York City A Source Of Global Sars-Cov-2 Spread?, Cole Jensen

Public Health Theses

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in the United States on January 15, 2020, in the state of Washington. Shortly after that, on February 29, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was reported in New York City. From January 2020 through July 2020, there were 223,107 cases of COVID-19 that led to 18,787 COVID-19 related deaths in New York City alone. During this time, many left New York City to avoid contracting the virus or to return home. This travel seeded much of the transmission within the United States. We aimed to identify any international transmission of severe acute …

Birth Characteristics And Risk Of Early-Onset Ovarian Cancer, Soo Jung Kang

Public Health Theses

Background: Little is known on the etiology of early-onset ovarian cancer. We conducted a population-based case-control study in California to evaluate the role of birth characteristics on the development of early-onset ovarian cancer. Methods: Data from the California Linkage Study of Early-onset Cancers, a population-based case-control linkage study, was used. This study included 895 first primary ovarian cancer patients who were born in 1978 – 2013 and diagnosed at the age of 0-37 years and 44,750 controls frequency matched on year of birth. We utilized multivariable logistic regression analyses with the backward selection procedure to estimate odds ratios (OR) and …

A Qualitative Analysis Of Facilitators And Barriers To Breastfeeding Among Black Mothers In The Greater New Haven Area, Victoria Dan-Vi Tran

Public Health Theses

Objective: Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding persist in Connecticut, with Black and African American mothers breastfeeding at the lowest rate. A qualitative study of Black mothers in the Greater New Haven Area was conducted to understand the barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding. Methods: A qualitative design adapting the Barrier Analysis tool was used to conduct in-depth focus groups with Black mothers who did exclusively breastfeed for 3 months (EBF3) and Black mothers who did not exclusively breastfeed for 3 months (NEBF3). 3 focus groups were conducted with EBF3 participants and 3 focus groups were conducted with NEBF3 participants. Focus …

Smoking And Early-Onset Basal Cell Carcinoma, Zhaopei Liu

Public Health Theses

Background – Smoking has been identified as a risk factor for many cancers. While many studies have investigated the association between smoking and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the results have been inconsistent, and no study has evaluated this association among a young population.

Methods – Early-onset BCC cases (n=374) and controls with minor benign skin conditions (n=384) under age 40 were identified through Yale Dermatopathology. Participants over 18 years old were asked whether they ever smoked (defined as ever smoked at least 100 cigarettes) during an in-person interview. Those who responded affirmatively were then asked about their smoking history. We …

An Opportunity To Study The Impact Of Legal Structures On Public Health: A Review Of Michigan State Juvenile Law On Status Offenders, Lakai Legg

Public Health Theses

Background/Introduction: There is a scarcity of studies in public health that investigate and address structural and political level factors, such as juvenile justice-related legislation and their implementation, and how they contribute to poor health outcomes and health inequities (i.e. by race/ethnicity and gender) in children and adolescents. By reviewing and analyzing the social and political context of juvenile justice and status offenses in the U.S. and Michigan and Michigan state legislation on status offenses, this narrative review aims to identify characteristics of status offense law that may contribute to the inequitable institutionalization of youth and perpetuate public health harms and …

Discovery Of Genetic Pleiotropy For Obesity And Inflammation And Mediation In Identified Variants Through Obesity-Related Pathways, Yiqian Wenren

Public Health Theses

Genetic data suggest that obesity and inflammation shared a portion of their genetic architectures. Meanwhile, epidemiologic data suggest a causal link between obesity and inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that there are variants in the human genome that display pleiotropy for obesity and inflammation and that the effects of at least some of those variants could be mediated by obesity-related pathways. To test these hypotheses, we conducted univariate genome-wide association analyses of obesity-related traits (BMI and WHRadjBMI) and inflammation (CRP) in the UK Biobank (n= 291,396 Caucasian subjects), searched for overlapping signals, fine-mapped the regions to identify putative causal SNPs, and …

Redeeming Your Mortgage, United Kingdom: Uk Asset Resolution (Ukar)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Debt Collection Schedules, Financial Sector Adjustment Company (Jamaica: Finsac)

Documents

No abstract provided.