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Robot Tool Use: Learning, Transferring, Reasoning, And Applying Knowledge About Robots Using Human Tools, Meiying Qin Oct 2022

Robot Tool Use: Learning, Transferring, Reasoning, And Applying Knowledge About Robots Using Human Tools, Meiying Qin

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Using human tools can significantly benefit robots in many application domains. It will endow a home robot with the ability to carry out everyday household activities such as cleaning. It will enable an industrial robot to work in manufacturing or maintenance using human tools such as screwdrivers. It will allow a robot to perform experiments using existing human lab tools in a chemistry lab. Such ability would allow robots to solve problems that they were unable to without tools. However, robot tool use is a challenging task. Tool use was initially considered to be the ability that distinguishes human beings …

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Neoantigen-Driven B Cell And Cd4 T Cell Collaboration Promotes Anti-Tumor Cd8 T Cell Responses In Lung Adenocarcinoma, Can Cui Oct 2022

Neoantigen-Driven B Cell And Cd4 T Cell Collaboration Promotes Anti-Tumor Cd8 T Cell Responses In Lung Adenocarcinoma, Can Cui

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, accounting for ~1.8 million deaths annually. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common form of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 40% of cases) and is most frequently associated with mutations in KRAS proto-oncogene (30% of cases). Traditionally, therapeutic options for KRAS-mutant LUAD have been limited, but the successful application of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting the PD-1 pathway has changed the therapeutic landscape. The success of PD-1-blockade therapy has also changed the perception that LUAD is a non-immunogenic cancer type because anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment potentiates the function of previously activated T …

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Lesion-Informed Design And Characterization Of A Multi-Drug Compartment, Topical Nanofibrous Scaffold For Treatment Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Rebecca Byler Oct 2022

Lesion-Informed Design And Characterization Of A Multi-Drug Compartment, Topical Nanofibrous Scaffold For Treatment Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Rebecca Byler

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a debilitating and disfiguring parasitic disease that predominantly manifests clinically as ulcerative skin lesions. Despite extensive global transmission, frontline treatments for CL have remained unchanged for decades due to underfunding and being overlooked scientifically. Consequently, available treatment options for CL demonstrate toxicity and varied efficacy. There exists the possibility of improving CL treatment options by developing new topical therapeutics. However, development is impeded by limited physiological and pharmacological knowledge of the CL lesion site. This work provides an improved understanding of the altered skin structure and barrier function both during acute CL infection and as a …

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Paleoenvironmental Context Of Early Stone Age Archaeology: An Analysis Of The Gona Fauna Between ~3 And 1 Ma., Amanda Christie Leiss Oct 2022

Paleoenvironmental Context Of Early Stone Age Archaeology: An Analysis Of The Gona Fauna Between ~3 And 1 Ma., Amanda Christie Leiss

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The advent of tool-making has long been associated with expanding grasslands in Africa. My dissertation reconstructs paleoenvironments at Gona, in the Afar region of Ethiopia, between ~3–1 Ma (1) to make inferences about how hominins were utilizing the paleo-landscape and interacting with mammalian communities and (2) to investigate whether the environment was influential in the development of stone tools. This time period spans the origin of our genus Homo and the evolution of Homo erectus, and it provides evidence of increased behavioral complexity (stone tools), brain expansion, and the acquisition of large nutrient-rich food sources (animal carcasses). Because of the …

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Understanding Distinct Roles Of Egfr Family Mutations In Different Cancers, Chun Hu Oct 2022

Understanding Distinct Roles Of Egfr Family Mutations In Different Cancers, Chun Hu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently mutated in human cancer and is an important therapeutic target. EGFR inhibitors have been successful in lung cancer, where mutations in the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain activate the receptor, but not in glioblastoma multiform (GBM), where mutations occur exclusively in the extracellular region. In this dissertation, I show that common extracellular GBM mutations prevent EGFR from discriminating between its activating ligands. Different growth factor ligands stabilize distinct EGFR dimer structures that signal with different kinetics to specify or bias outcome. EGF itself induces strong symmetric dimers that signal transiently to promote proliferation. …

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The Resurgence Of The Nuu-Chah-Nulth First Nations In The Clayoquot Sound Bio-Cultural Landscape: A Case Study Of Iisaak Forest Resources, Ltd., Cintra Cady Agee Oct 2022

The Resurgence Of The Nuu-Chah-Nulth First Nations In The Clayoquot Sound Bio-Cultural Landscape: A Case Study Of Iisaak Forest Resources, Ltd., Cintra Cady Agee

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Central Region Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations (NCN) are an alliance of five First Nations: the Ahousaht, the Tla-o-qui-aht, the Hesquiaht, the Toquaht, and the Ucluelet. Their traditional territories cover the central west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia (BC)—known as Clayoquot Sound. Industrial logging concessionaires had clearcut much of the ‘old-growth’ forests in Clayoquot. These were public lands, and multiple forest values important to multiple stakeholders had been reduced. In 1984, the NCN obtained a logging injunction for Meares Island in Clayoquot Sound. The NCN publicly protested for additional curbs on logging in their traditional territories. In the early 1990s, …

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Contributions Of Metacognition To Memory Impairment In Psychotic Illness, Rashina Seabury Oct 2022

Contributions Of Metacognition To Memory Impairment In Psychotic Illness, Rashina Seabury

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders are characterized by disruptions of reality testing, most often manifest in the form of hallucinations and delusional ideation. Given that differentiating between the real from the unreal or imagined is critically dependent on episodic and associative memory, deficits in mnemonic processes have been hypothesized to be involved in the genesis of psychotic symptoms. While cognitive impairments in psychotic illness have traditionally been conceptualized as stable disease correlates that have a stronger associations with negative symptoms and functional disability, deficits in metacognition in memory, or metamemory deficits, have been hypothesized to play a crucial role in …

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The Role Of Estrogen Signaling In Sexually Dimorphic Adipose Expansion, Rocío Del Mar Saavedra-Peña Oct 2022

The Role Of Estrogen Signaling In Sexually Dimorphic Adipose Expansion, Rocío Del Mar Saavedra-Peña

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In obesity, white adipose tissue (WAT) distribution differs between the sexes, with men preferentially accumulating visceral WAT (VWAT) and females exhibiting subcutaneous WAT (SWAT) accumulation bias. Obesogenic adipocyte hyperplasia (increase in adipocyte number) contributes to the sexually dimorphic pattern of fat distribution in mice driven by cues in the tissue microenvironment, with females displaying hyperplasia in both VWAT and SWAT, while males have VWAT-specific hyperplasia, implicating a role for sex hormones in this process during obesity. Sex hormones play a pivotal role in physiology and disease. Estrogen, the female sex hormone, has been long implicated in having protective roles against …

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Biobehavioral Markers Of Social-Emotional Functioning, Erica Ho Oct 2022

Biobehavioral Markers Of Social-Emotional Functioning, Erica Ho

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Difficulties with social and emotional functioning characterize most major psychiatric disorders and exert outsize influence on treatment prognosis and quality of life, evincing a pressing public health concern that necessitates closer investigation. In recognition of the diverse pathways through which social contexts interact with social-emotional functioning and psychopathology, the three studies that form this dissertation deliberately span a range of topics, methods, and populations, with the goal of characterizing individual differences in the perception of social-emotional signals across a range of increasingly complex social settings. Study 1 (presented in Chapter 2) uses functional magnetic resonance imaging in an adult community …

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Network Dynamics In The U.S. Real Estate Industry, Jing Ping Oct 2022

Network Dynamics In The U.S. Real Estate Industry, Jing Ping

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Market actors are connected through different relationships. Through these relationships, they obtain resources, build mutual trust, and develop their advantages. Thus, the relationships shape their decision making, performance, and survival. The social embeddedness feature of market behaviors has been investigated by sociologists under various contexts over past decades. Network analysis is a powerful tool that economic sociologists utilize to examine important market activities. Three mechanisms explain the dynamics of network relationships (Rivera, Soderstrom, and Uzzi 2010). First, assortative mechanism suggests that connections are more likely to form between the social entities who share similar attributes. Second, relational mechanism emphasizes that …

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Translational Systems Metabolism In Health And Disease, Brooks Phillip Leitner Oct 2022

Translational Systems Metabolism In Health And Disease, Brooks Phillip Leitner

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The breakdown, synthesis, and interconversion of macronutrients is essential to sustaining life and driving pathological mechanisms rooted in disease. With attempts to combat the metabolic underpinnings of disease, it has become clear that focus on individual metabolites, proteins, or genes cannot fully explain the complexity of dysregulated metabolism in systemic conditions such as obesity, cancer, and sepsis. With the advent of accessible Omics techniques and hordes of open access data it has become possible to study metabolism as a whole—at the level of gene transcription, translation, and metabolism. A major goal of this PhD thesis was to integrate isotope tracing …

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Insights To Fundamental Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (Pcet) Processes Of Aqueous Titanium Dioxide And Gold Nanoparticle Colloids, Noreen Elizabeth Gentry Oct 2022

Insights To Fundamental Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer (Pcet) Processes Of Aqueous Titanium Dioxide And Gold Nanoparticle Colloids, Noreen Elizabeth Gentry

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Nanoparticles have wide utility due to their large reactive surface areas and their unique optical, electronic, and chemical properties relative to bulk materials. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used photocatalyst and redox mediator due to its earth abundance, chemical stability, and ability to hold and transport multiple redox equivalents. In contrast, gold is an expensive coinage metal that is inert at the bulk scale; and yet, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exemplify the nano paradigm through their unique reactivity and vibrant colors. Despite their differences, catalysis with TiO2 NPs and AuNPs has traditionally been described using only electron transfer (ET) processes. …

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The Continuous Vs. The Discrete In Mental Life: Studies In Perception, Attention, And Decision-Making, Joan Danielle Khonghun Ongchoco Oct 2022

The Continuous Vs. The Discrete In Mental Life: Studies In Perception, Attention, And Decision-Making, Joan Danielle Khonghun Ongchoco

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The raw material of perception is a continuous wash of light and sound. But what we perceive are often discrete individuals — objects (due to segmentation in space) and events (due to segmentation in time). Here I present five case studies that collectively explore how discrete object and event representations have a powerful impact on many forms of perception and cognition — and in particular, how they interact with other processes including attention, imagery, enumeration, time perception, and decision-making. Throughout this work, I show how these interactions are relatively spontaneous and inescapable aspects of how the mind works. In the …

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Intelligent Sensing Enabled By Tunable Optical Materials, Shaofan Yuan Oct 2022

Intelligent Sensing Enabled By Tunable Optical Materials, Shaofan Yuan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Sensing is essential in every corner of our world nowadays, from on-chip cameras to medical tests, autonomous vehicles, etc. In conventional applications of sensing, physical properties, such as the radiant power of light and the amplitude of magnetic field, are directly measured by the sensors. However, only limited types of physical properties can be directly read out from those sensors in measurements, and the accuracy of these measurements is strictly limited by sensors themselves. Compared to the direct measurements of these physical properties, by utilizing post-measurement processing or more specifically machine learning techniques, intelligent sensing can help to infer properties …

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Species History As Self-Knowledge: Rousseau, Modern Natural Law, And The Causes Of Society, Clara Picker Oct 2022

Species History As Self-Knowledge: Rousseau, Modern Natural Law, And The Causes Of Society, Clara Picker

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

My dissertation argues that Rousseau’s dispute with the modern Natural Law tradition over the character of the “state of Nature” ought to be understood as an argument about the causes responsible for the emergence of a specific form of social life–a form of social life Rousseau calls “Society” but that contemporary readers might more properly think of as “civilization”–in human history. Moreover, my dissertation submits that Rousseau considered this sort of knowledge as so very important since he regarded it as a type of self-knowledge of the human species, which he, in turn, understood as a condition for the possibility …

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Antinomies Of Organizing, Mie Inouye Oct 2022

Antinomies Of Organizing, Mie Inouye

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

AbstractAntinomies of Organizing This dissertation theorizes a problem that attends all attempts to form or deepen democracy, namely, the problem of democratic transitions. People are shaped as political subjects by their participation in the institutions that govern their lives; their analyses of society, their self-understandings, and their political capacities are determined in large part by their participation in the state, the family, the workplace, and the market. When these institutions are oppressive, they may undermine participants’ capacities to engage in political action, to recognize and identify the sources of their oppression, and to self-govern. They may also undermine their sense …

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Hybrid Integrated Quantum Photonics For Microwave-Optical Frequency Conversion, Wei Fu Oct 2022

Hybrid Integrated Quantum Photonics For Microwave-Optical Frequency Conversion, Wei Fu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The developments of on-chip quantum photonic circuits have enabled powerful resources to process quantum information. Compatible with large-scale modern nanofabrication processes, quantum photonic circuits show great scalability, stability, and integrability potential. However, a monolithic photonic platform alone cannot fulfill the stringent requirement for many quantum applications. It is incredibly challenging, for instance, to realize an on-demand single-photon source with monolithic photonic systems due to their weak nonlinearity. Hybrid integrated quantum photonics combines the strengths of multiple technologies, including superconducting circuits, mechanical systems, phononic circuits, and atom vapors, into a single functional device and holds great promise to expand the toolbox …

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Controlled Synthesis And Emerging Applications Of Branched Polymers, Mengxue Cao Oct 2022

Controlled Synthesis And Emerging Applications Of Branched Polymers, Mengxue Cao

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Branched polymers are a major class of architectural macromolecules that possess a 3- dimensional conformation, commonly categorized as hyperbranched, dendritic, bottlebrush-like, and star-shaped polymers. In addition to the two dictating parameters of all polymers – degree of polymerization and dispersity, rationally-designed intramolecular connection endows branched polymers with a broader structural tuning window to diversify their viscoelastic, optoelectronic, and self-assembly properties, providing superior functionalities for energy storage, environmental preservation, and biomedical applications. Attaining sophisticated understanding of structure- property relationships is critical for the design of precisely defined branched polymers with desirable properties. While recent development of advanced polymerization techniques has enabled …

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Thin-Film 3d Resonators For Superconducting Quantum Circuits, Lev Krayzman Oct 2022

Thin-Film 3d Resonators For Superconducting Quantum Circuits, Lev Krayzman

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Quantum computing has garnered a lot of attention due to the belief that it would beable to solve certain kinds of problems which are intractable to classical computers. One of the leading candidate platforms for quantum computing is superconducting circuits. Within this platform, there are two main methods of storing quantum infor- mation: Josephson-junction based artificial atoms and harmonic oscillators. The large Hilbert space of the bosonic excitations of a harmonic oscillator allows for redundant storage of quantum information. Quantum error correction in a single mode using bosonic codes has been demonstrated beyond break-even. However, devices with more than a …

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Strategic Organizing, Dangerous Rhetoric, And Philanthropic Decision-Making In The U.S. New Right, Alexandra Jane Dibranco Oct 2022

Strategic Organizing, Dangerous Rhetoric, And Philanthropic Decision-Making In The U.S. New Right, Alexandra Jane Dibranco

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

While rightist politics have drawn increased scholarly attention in recent years, the study of movements on the right lacks the depth and nuance afforded to movements on the left. This dissertation investigates organizing, communication, and funding strategy by the New Right in the United States. The papers in this dissertation address misconceptions about rightist movements that limit scholarship, including calling attention to their heterogeneity, historical embeddedness, and leadership dynamics. The first paper in the dissertation addresses the perception of the Christian Right as monolithic, demonstrating the strategic organizing and ideological/theological work involved since the 1960s in bringing disparate and hostile …

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A Rapid Rig-I Signaling Relay Mediates An Efficient Antiviral Response, Daniel Thoresen Oct 2022

A Rapid Rig-I Signaling Relay Mediates An Efficient Antiviral Response, Daniel Thoresen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

RIG-I is our first line of defense against RNA viruses, serving as a patternrecognition receptor (PRR) that identifies molecular features common among dsRNA and ssRNA viral pathogens. RIG-I is maintained in an inactive conformation as it samples the cellular space for pathogenic RNAs. Upon encounter with the triphosphorylated terminus of blunt-ended viral RNA duplexes, the receptor changes conformation and releases a pair of signaling domains (CARDs) that are selectively modified and interact with an adapter protein (MAVS), thereby triggering a signaling cascade that stimulates transcription of type I interferon. While the molecular mechanisms of RIG-I recognition of viral pathogen-associated molecular …

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Polymeric Nanoparticles For The Local Delivery Of Small Molecule Inhibitors: Applications Toward Glioblastoma And Airway Delivery, Alexander Danels Josowitz Oct 2022

Polymeric Nanoparticles For The Local Delivery Of Small Molecule Inhibitors: Applications Toward Glioblastoma And Airway Delivery, Alexander Danels Josowitz

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Techniques such as polymeric nanoparticle formulation and nontraditional drug delivery modalities have been developed to address complex delivery challenges associated with aggressive diseases. In this dissertation, polymeric nanoparticle formulations are demonstrated to encapsulate small molecule drugs and coupled with direct local delivery methods to avoid the weaknesses associated with systemic delivery towards two different applications. Firstly, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most deadly and common brain cancer and little progress has been made in improving the standard of care for nearly 17 years. Current therapies suffer from dose limiting toxicities, low penetration into the brain, and tumors resistant to chemotherapies that …

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Synthesis Of First-Row Transition Metal Complexes And Their Reactivity In Dehydrogenation Catalysis, Tanya M. Townsend Oct 2022

Synthesis Of First-Row Transition Metal Complexes And Their Reactivity In Dehydrogenation Catalysis, Tanya M. Townsend

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis describes the synthesis, catalytic applications, and mechanistic studies of Fe and Co complexes supported by iPrPNP (iPrPNP = N(CH2CH2P(iPr)2)2-) ligands for dehydrogenation reactions. Chapter 1 provides an overview of previous work on PNP-supported Fe and Co complexes in catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterization of new organometallic iPrPNP-supported Co complexes and their stoichiometric and catalytic activity with CO2 and formic acid. Chapter 3 discusses the development of catalytic dehydrogenative synthesis of carbamates from alcohols and formamides, in addition to mechanistic studies on the iPrPNP-supported Fe catalyst.

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Host Redox Signaling During Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Yekaterina Kovalyova Oct 2022

Host Redox Signaling During Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Yekaterina Kovalyova

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that chronically infects up to half of the global population and is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. Host cells infected with H. pylori are exposed to oxidative stress characterized by the continuous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While the correlation between H. pylori-induced chronic oxidative stress and disease has been well-documented, the molecular oxidation events that contribute to pathogenesis are largely unknown. The main intracellular targets of ROS are proteins, particularly those with redox-sensitive cysteine residues. Oxidation of reactive cysteines, termed redox signaling, can alter protein behavior and modulate important cellular …

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Quantum Microwave Engineering For The Protection And Readout Of Superconducting Qubits, Zhixin Wang Oct 2022

Quantum Microwave Engineering For The Protection And Readout Of Superconducting Qubits, Zhixin Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The engineering of quantum information machines—at the fundamental level—relies on advancement in the control and measurement techniques of individual quantum coherent systems. In this scientific roadmap, a central challenge has been the reconciliation—in the same physical platform—of two exceptional goals: the protection from decoherence channels of pure quantum states, and their accurate and efficient readout using macroscopic measurement apparatuses, which appear to be demanding opposite experimental conditions with respect to the accessibility of quantum information from the external environment. Can near-ideal measurement be achieved in artificial quantum systems without the sacrifice of their coherence properties? This dissertation addresses this question …

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Development Of An Anionic Glycosylation Strategy To Form Α- Or Β-Linked 2-Deoxy-O-Glycosides, Kevin Hoang Oct 2022

Development Of An Anionic Glycosylation Strategy To Form Α- Or Β-Linked 2-Deoxy-O-Glycosides, Kevin Hoang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this thesis, I describe the development of an anionic glycosylation strategy toform 2-deoxy-O-glycosides (referred to as “2-deoxyglycosides” hereafter) with control of anomeric stereochemistry. Control over glycosidic bond stereochemistry is a central challenge in carbohydrate chemistry, and decades of research have yielded reliable and general methods to synthesize α- or β-linked 2-oxygenated glycosides. However, methods for the direct stereocontrolled synthesis of 2-deoxyglycosides are lacking. This is problematic because 2-deoxyglycosides are present in a variety of natural products and medicinal agents, including the calicheamicins, ivermectin, and vancomycin. These glycosides are formed in nature as specific α- or β-anomers, and the composition …

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Imagining A Crisis: Human-Environmental Relations In North And South American Law And Literature, Joseph Hamilton Oct 2022

Imagining A Crisis: Human-Environmental Relations In North And South American Law And Literature, Joseph Hamilton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation is about the creation of a new environmental imagination. Under the pressure of ecological crisis, dominant ways of distinguishing nature and society have faltered, and struggles for environmental justice have articulated demands for a biocentric, anti-colonial approach to environmental governance. I show how such an ideological transition might be accomplished in the areas of law and literature, two crucial sources of new environmental worldviews and norms. My focus is on novels and jurisprudence that deal with ongoing environmental struggles: in the United States West, I look to William Vollmann’s The Dying Grass (2015), Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of …

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Identifying Riboregulatory Elements In Long, Single-Stranded, Positive-Sense Rna Viral Genomes, Nicholas Cornell Huston Oct 2022

Identifying Riboregulatory Elements In Long, Single-Stranded, Positive-Sense Rna Viral Genomes, Nicholas Cornell Huston

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses are a class of pathogens that pose a serious danger to human health. As a group, they have been the focus of research exploring how they infect, evade, and hijack host cellular machinery to propagate. Though these studies have primarily focused on viral proteins, the past two decades have seen a resurgence of interest in the RNA genomes themselves. This is because RNA viral genomes contain functional RNA structures that expand their functional repertoire. While studies of viral RNA structure were originally restricted to 5’ and 3’ viral termini, recent methodological advancements have facilitated the search …

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Elucidating Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (Erk) Dynamics With Fret-Based Biosensors, Archer Hamidzadeh Oct 2022

Elucidating Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (Erk) Dynamics With Fret-Based Biosensors, Archer Hamidzadeh

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Proper cell functions are dependent on the precise regulation of signal transduction pathways to relay specific external environmental cues into the cell for processing and yielding a specific response. Dysregulation of signaling function or localization is a hallmark of numerous diseases including neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and immunological disorders and most human cancers. Given that signaling pathways are large networks of nodes capable of interacting in complex manners, a notable question that arises for many studying the intricacies of signaling regulation is: “How is signaling tightly controlled in different subcellular compartments?” Here we examine and elucidate mechanisms that begin to answer this …

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State Of Denial: Aids Denialism, Treatment Activism, And The Fight Over Antiretrovirals, Lindsay Zafir Oct 2022

State Of Denial: Aids Denialism, Treatment Activism, And The Fight Over Antiretrovirals, Lindsay Zafir

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation puts gender and sexuality at the center of transnational contests over the meaning of biomedical citizenship in the late 20th century. State of Denial tracks the loose coalition of gay activists, HIV-positive mothers, libertarians, scientists, and South African officials that formed around the idea that AIDS is caused by promiscuous sex, poverty, and drug use, including antiretrovirals, rather than HIV. AIDS denialism emerged amidst a radical transformation in the boundaries of expertise, spurred by the women’s health, gay liberation, and alternative medicine movements; New Left counter-culturalism and anti-capitalism; right-wing anti-statism; the rise of the internet; and the politics …

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