Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Digital Commons Network™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Yale University

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 27211 - 27240 of 33870

Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network

Nota Bene; Volume Vi, Number I, Yale University Library Jan 1992

Nota Bene; Volume Vi, Number I, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.


Henry Melson Stommel: 27 September, 1920 - 17 January, 1992, George Veronis Jan 1992

Henry Melson Stommel: 27 September, 1920 - 17 January, 1992, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Henry Stommel's heart stopped beating shortly after midnight on Friday, January 17, 1992, four days after he had undergone surgery for liver cancer at Deaconness Hospital in Brookline, Mass. His death brought to an end the career of a man who, for 45 years, was the most significant scientific contributor to the development of oceanography and who brought a rare degree of harmony and collegiality to the field.


Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part I-Theory And Computational Methods, Marcio L. Vianna, Paulo R. Holvorcem Jan 1992

Integral Equation Approach To Tropical Ocean Dynamics: Part I-Theory And Computational Methods, Marcio L. Vianna, Paulo R. Holvorcem

Journal of Marine Research

In linear, three-dimensional, continuously stratified equatorial β-plane ocean models with arbitrary eastern and western boundaries the shallow water equations for each vertical mode must be solved numerically in the horizontal variables. This paper introduces a new numerical method of solution for the time-Fourier transformed shallow water equations with slip boundary conditions at boundaries of arbitrary geometry. The method is based on a boundary integral equation (BIE) for the pressure perturbation response to the specified wind-stress forcing field. All other dependent variables are expressed as boundary functionals of the pressure perturbation. The kernels of all functionals are constructed from the Green's …


Multi-Year Current Time Series In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler Jan 1992

Multi-Year Current Time Series In The Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler

Journal of Marine Research

Time series of currents from an array of 22 subsurface moorings in the Canary and Iberian Basins of the North Atlantic are analyzed with respect to low-frequency variability. The record lengths are usually 1 to 2 years but almost 9 years (site KIEL276, 33N, 22W) in one case. Maximal energies are observed at periods between 50 and 500 days, and high-energy events are found from time to time. The 9-year long series indicates changes in currents with a 3-4 year period, primarily in the zonal component, and anisotropic energy distributions are found for both current components at periods around 200 …


A Thermocline Model For Ocean-Climate Studies, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch Jan 1992

A Thermocline Model For Ocean-Climate Studies, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch

Journal of Marine Research

A 3-dimensional planetary geostrophic (PG) ocean general circulation model in spherical coordinates is formulated to examine the thermocline structure and thermohaline circulation of an idealized ocean basin. The model equations consist of full prognostic temperature and salinity equations and diagnostic momentum equations. A simple linear friction is used to close the barotropic circulation at the western boundary. An extensive sensitivity study is conducted with different model parameters and processes. The results are also compared with those obtained using the Bryan-Cox primitive equation model. For the steady state case, the PG model can reproduce the primitive equation model results, and displays …


The Measurement Of Sediment Irrigation Rates: A Comparison Of The Br- Tracer And 222rn/226ra Disequilibrium Techniques, W. R. Martin, G. T. Banta Jan 1992

The Measurement Of Sediment Irrigation Rates: A Comparison Of The Br- Tracer And 222rn/226ra Disequilibrium Techniques, W. R. Martin, G. T. Banta

Journal of Marine Research

We have carried out a series of experiments designed to allow comparison of sediment irrigation rates determined simultaneously using two methods: the measurement of 222Rn/226Ra disequilibrium in pore waters, and the measurement of distributions of a tracer, Br−, which was added to the water overlying sediments at the start of incubation experiments. The experiments were carried out on fine-grained sediments from Buzzards Bay, MA. We made irrigation rate measurements on sediments in their natural state, as well as on sediments that had been treated to alter macrofaunal abundance and diversity. The range of irrigation rates …


Water Characteristics, Mixing And Circulation In The Bay Of Bengal During Southwest Monsoon, V. S. N. Murty, Y. V. B. Sarma, D. P. Rao, C. S. Murty Jan 1992

Water Characteristics, Mixing And Circulation In The Bay Of Bengal During Southwest Monsoon, V. S. N. Murty, Y. V. B. Sarma, D. P. Rao, C. S. Murty

Journal of Marine Research

Influence of the freshwater influx, the wind forcing and the Indian Ocean monsoon drift current on the property distributions and the circulation in the Bay of Bengal during southwest monsoon has been quantified. At the head of the Bay, waters of low salinity, affected by the freshwater influx, occupy the upper 90 m water column. The isohaline 34.0 × 10−3 separating these waters from those of underlying saline waters shoals southward gradually and outcrops around 14N, 10N and 6N in the western, central and southeastern regions of the Bay respectively. The wind-stress-curl-induced upwelling effect is confined to depth limits …


Benthic Community Metabolism And The Role Of Deposit-Feeding Callianassid Shrimp, Richard C. Murphy, James N. Kremer Jan 1992

Benthic Community Metabolism And The Role Of Deposit-Feeding Callianassid Shrimp, Richard C. Murphy, James N. Kremer

Journal of Marine Research

In temperate and tropical seas, bioturbation resulting from the burrowing and feeding activities of deposit-feeding callianassid shrimp can have an important impact on the ecosystem. In Gorda Sound, British Virgin Islands, 97 μmol NH4 ˙ m−2 ˙ d−1 and 0.2 μmol PO4 ˙ m−2 ˙ d−1 were released to the water column from burrows of callianassid shrimps (Callianassa rathbunae and Calliax Jonesi). Benthic gross primary production was 288 mg C ˙ m−2 ˙ d−1 and the ratio of gross production to total community 24-hr. respiration was 0.86. The flux of …


Surface-Intensified Rossby Waves Over Rough Topography, R. M. Samelson Jan 1992

Surface-Intensified Rossby Waves Over Rough Topography, R. M. Samelson

Journal of Marine Research

Observations and numerical experiments that suggest that sea-floor roughness can enhance the ratio of thermocline to abyssal eddy kinetic energy, motivate the study of linear free wave modes in a two layer quasi-geostrophic model for several eases of idealized variable bottom topography. The foeus is on topography with horizontal seale comparable to that of the waves, that is, on "rough" small-amplitude topography. Surface-intensified modes are found to exist at frequencies greater than the flat-bottom baroclinic cut-off frequency. These modes exist for topography that varies in both one and two horizontal dimensions. An approximate bound indicates that the maximum frequency of …


A Two-Layer Gulf Stream Over A Continental Slope, Rick Salmon Jan 1992

A Two-Layer Gulf Stream Over A Continental Slope, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the two-layer form of the planetary geostrophic equations, in which a simple Rayleigh friction replaces the inertia, on a western continental slope. In the frictionless limit, these equations can be written as characteristic equations in which the potential vorticities of the top and bottom layers play the role of Riemann invariants. The general solution is of two types. In the first type, the characteristics can cross, and friction is required to resolve the resulting shocks. In the second type, one of the two Riemann invariants is uniform, the remaining characteristic is a line of constant f/H, and …


Models Of Abyssal Flow In Basins Separated By Amid-Ocean Ridge, Scott A. Condie, Mitsuhiro Kawase Jan 1992

Models Of Abyssal Flow In Basins Separated By Amid-Ocean Ridge, Scott A. Condie, Mitsuhiro Kawase

Journal of Marine Research

Numerical and laboratory models have been used to study source-driven flows in a system consisting of two basins (with sloping sidewalls) separated by a mid-ocean ridge. Numerical spin-up occurs via topographically modified Kelvin waves which propagate away from the source region around the outer perimeter of the model ocean. Energy is then carried along the ridge by topographic waves and westward by planetary waves. The resulting flow eventually concentrates in strong cyclonic circulation patterns, defined by regions of closed geostrophic contours in the lower latitude portion of each basin. When the deep water source is located at the latitude of …


Circulation And Water Mass Balance In The Brazil Basin, Huai-Min Zhang, Nelson G. Hogg Jan 1992

Circulation And Water Mass Balance In The Brazil Basin, Huai-Min Zhang, Nelson G. Hogg

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of data from the Levitus (1982) atlas shows that the application of the Montgomery streamfunction to the potential density surfaces induces an error which cannot be ignored in some regions in the ocean. The error arises from the variation of the specific volume anomaly along isopycnal surfaces. By including the major part of this effect, new streamfunctions, named the "pressure anomaly" and "mean pressure" streamfunctions, are suggested for use in potential density coordinates. By including the variations of specific volume anomaly and pressure along isopycnal surfaces, the inverse model proposed by Hogg (1987) is modified for increased accuracy and …


Modelling The Deep-Chlorophyll Maximum: A Coupled Physical-Biological Approach, Ramiro A. Varela, Antonio Cruzado, Joaquín Tintoré, Emilio García Ladona Jan 1992

Modelling The Deep-Chlorophyll Maximum: A Coupled Physical-Biological Approach, Ramiro A. Varela, Antonio Cruzado, Joaquín Tintoré, Emilio García Ladona

Journal of Marine Research

The Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) is simulated in two oligotrophic regions (SW Sargasso Sea and NW Mediterranean) using a physical/biological model that couples an upper ocean turbulent model to a nutrient/phytoplankton model. The biological model considers two types of primary producers, heterotrophs and atmospheric in addition to internal nitrate inputs. Model results appear to adequately reproduce the DCM structure in those regions. The DCM depth and magnitude is mainly determined by the vertical eddy diffusion and light extinction. The grazing parameters mainly affect the intensity of the DCM. This suggest the DCM is primarily the result of a balance between …


Inertial Gyres In Decaying And Forced Geostrophic Turbulence, Patrick F. 0 Jan 1992

Inertial Gyres In Decaying And Forced Geostrophic Turbulence, Patrick F. 0

Journal of Marine Research

Numerical simulations of the motion of a turbulent homogeneous fluid in a rectangular beta-plane ocean basin are conducted to examine the influence of lateral boundary conditions on the development of inertial circulations. Three different boundary conditions are considered. Firstly, with a condition of zero vorticity gradient normal to the boundary, inertial Fofonoff gyres, which coincide with the maximum entropy solution of statistical mechanics, develop from the release of an initial random eddy field. Secondly, under a condition of no-stress (free-slip) at the boundary, inertial gyres resembling the Fofonoff flow develop. However, in this case, the linear relationship between potential vorticity …


Deposit And Suspension Feeding In Oscillatory Flows And Sediment Fluxes, Douglas C. Miller, Michael J. Bock, Elizabeth J. Turner Jan 1992

Deposit And Suspension Feeding In Oscillatory Flows And Sediment Fluxes, Douglas C. Miller, Michael J. Bock, Elizabeth J. Turner

Journal of Marine Research

We present a survey of feeding behavior of benthic organisms in oscillatory flow and sediment fluxes. These results are based on seventeen species from five phyla and several feeding guilds from an intertidal sandflat and the continental shelf of the Mid-Atlantic coast, U.S.A. General responses to oscillatory flows are: (1) nearly immediate change in feeding behavior or position of feeding appendage when flow is initiated, (2) decrease in feeding area for surface deposit feeders, often (3) alteration of feeding mode, and when anatomically permitted (4) rotation of feeding appendages to track flow direction. At high sediment fluxes, responses are functional …


Active Habitat Selection By Capitella Sp. I Larvae. Ii. Multiple-Choice Experiments In Still Water And Flume Flow, Judith P. Grassie, Cheryl Ann Butman, Suan W. Mills Jan 1992

Active Habitat Selection By Capitella Sp. I Larvae. Ii. Multiple-Choice Experiments In Still Water And Flume Flow, Judith P. Grassie, Cheryl Ann Butman, Suan W. Mills

Journal of Marine Research

Experiments on larval settlement of the opportunistic polychaete, Capitella sp. I, using three natural sediment treatments from the Buzzards Bay area (organic-rich mud from Sippewissett Marsh, organic-rich mud from New Bedford Harbor and low-organic sand from off the Weepecket Islands), and a glass bead mixture similar in grain size distribution to the New Bedford Harbor mud, were carried out in still water and two flume flows (near-surface velocities of 5 cm s−1 and 15 cm s−1; boundary-shear velocities of 0.26 cm s−1 and 0.64 cm s−1). For all three flow conditions the larvae settled …


Active Habitat Selection By Capitella Sp. I Larvae. I. Two-Choice Experiments In Still Water And Flume Flow, Cheryl Ann Butman, Judith P. Grassie Jan 1992

Active Habitat Selection By Capitella Sp. I Larvae. I. Two-Choice Experiments In Still Water And Flume Flow, Cheryl Ann Butman, Judith P. Grassie

Journal of Marine Research

Sediment selection by settling larvae of the opportunistic polychaete Capitella sp. I was determined in laboratory still-water and flume experiments, where larvae were given a choice between two highly contrasting sediment treatments. In most cases, 2-h experiments were conducted with a natural, organic-rich mud and an abiotic, glass-bead mixture with a grain-size distribution similar to the mud, as the sediment treatments. Spatial settlement patterns were also determined in sediment arrays containing mud only. Two types of flume flows were tested, both with a near-surface velocity of ∼5 cm s−1, but one flow was cyclical, varying between about 2 …


Effects Of Polychaetes On Silicate Dynamics And Fluxes In Sediments: Importance Of Species, Animal Activity And Polychaete Effects On Benthic Diatoms, Roberta L. Marinelli Jan 1992

Effects Of Polychaetes On Silicate Dynamics And Fluxes In Sediments: Importance Of Species, Animal Activity And Polychaete Effects On Benthic Diatoms, Roberta L. Marinelli

Journal of Marine Research

Laboratory experiments tested the effects of two polychaetes, a surface deposit feeder Eupolymnia heterobranchia, and a head-down deposit feeder Abarenicola pacifica, on silicate dynamics in sediment porewaters and overlying waters. Experimental chambers of sediment containing an individual deposit feeder, and controls with no macrofauna, were studied over a one month period during the summers of 1989 and 1990. Measurements included temporal changes in vertical depth profiles of pore water silicate concentrations, concurrent determinations of silicate accumulation in the water column, and the activities of experimental. organisms. A diffusion-nonlocal exchange-reaction model was devised to determine, from the pore water profiles, both …


Malondialdehyde Levels In Uterine Washing In Fertile And Infertile Women Throughout The Menstrual Cycle, Laura Michelle Drabkin Jan 1992

Malondialdehyde Levels In Uterine Washing In Fertile And Infertile Women Throughout The Menstrual Cycle, Laura Michelle Drabkin

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


Package Of Argentina Letters And Memoranda, International Monetary Fund (Imf) Jan 1992

Package Of Argentina Letters And Memoranda, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.


The Left Ventricular Pressure-Thickening Loop : A Potential Approach To The Assessment Of Transmural Myocardial Work, Mitchell Todd Saltzberg Jan 1992

The Left Ventricular Pressure-Thickening Loop : A Potential Approach To The Assessment Of Transmural Myocardial Work, Mitchell Todd Saltzberg

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


Assessment Of Progress Towards The Eradication Of Dracunculiasis In The Afram Plains, Ghana, Gregory A. Engel Jan 1992

Assessment Of Progress Towards The Eradication Of Dracunculiasis In The Afram Plains, Ghana, Gregory A. Engel

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


The Postoperative Incidence Of Small Bowel Obstruction Following Various Abdominal Procedures : A Six Year Retrospective Cohort Study At Yale-New Haven Hospital, Ross Ian Zbar Jan 1992

The Postoperative Incidence Of Small Bowel Obstruction Following Various Abdominal Procedures : A Six Year Retrospective Cohort Study At Yale-New Haven Hospital, Ross Ian Zbar

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


Storage Of Platelet Concentrates Following Ultraviolet-B Irradiation, Robert B. Johnson Jan 1992

Storage Of Platelet Concentrates Following Ultraviolet-B Irradiation, Robert B. Johnson

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


A Comparison Of Polymerase Chain Reaction, Elisha, And Western Blot In Detecting Evidence Of Hiv-1 Infection In The Needles Of Injecting Drug Users, Samuel Skipworth Myers Jan 1992

A Comparison Of Polymerase Chain Reaction, Elisha, And Western Blot In Detecting Evidence Of Hiv-1 Infection In The Needles Of Injecting Drug Users, Samuel Skipworth Myers

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


Sequential Dependence Of In-Vitro Freeze-Drying And Irradiation On The Biomechanical Properties Of Rat Bone, Robert Lawrence Randall Jan 1992

Sequential Dependence Of In-Vitro Freeze-Drying And Irradiation On The Biomechanical Properties Of Rat Bone, Robert Lawrence Randall

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


Hepatic Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity In Diabetes: Modulation By Assorted Adenosine Triphosphatases/Phosphatases Which Copurify In Partially Purified Preparations Of The Insulin Receptor, Darrick James Alaimo Jan 1992

Hepatic Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity In Diabetes: Modulation By Assorted Adenosine Triphosphatases/Phosphatases Which Copurify In Partially Purified Preparations Of The Insulin Receptor, Darrick James Alaimo

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


A Comparsion Of Clonidine, Clonidine/Naltrexone And Buprenorphine In Primary Care-Based Outpatient Opiate Detoxification, Edward Paul Weiss Jan 1992

A Comparsion Of Clonidine, Clonidine/Naltrexone And Buprenorphine In Primary Care-Based Outpatient Opiate Detoxification, Edward Paul Weiss

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.


Nutrient And Biogenic Particulate Distributions, Primary Productivity And Nitrogen Uptake In The Weddell-Scotia Sea Marginal Ice Zone During Winter, Glenn F. Cota, Walker O. Smith Jr., David M. Nelson, Robin D. Muench, Louis I. Gordon Jan 1992

Nutrient And Biogenic Particulate Distributions, Primary Productivity And Nitrogen Uptake In The Weddell-Scotia Sea Marginal Ice Zone During Winter, Glenn F. Cota, Walker O. Smith Jr., David M. Nelson, Robin D. Muench, Louis I. Gordon

Journal of Marine Research

During austral winter of 1988, we determined the distributions of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, silicic acid, phosphate, nitrite and ammonium) and particulate materials (chlorophyll, biogenic silica, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen), as well as primary productivity and rates of nutrient (NO3− and NH4+) uptake in the upper 150 m of the marginal ice zone of the Weddell-Scotia Sea. Nutrient concentrations were high and particulate matter levels were low throughout the study area, but occasionally nutrient minima and particulate maxima occurred near the ice edge associated with warm-core eddies. Chlorophyll concentrations and primary productivity averaged …


A Model For Death Assemblage Formation: Can Sediment Shelliness Be Explained?, Eric N. Powell Jan 1992

A Model For Death Assemblage Formation: Can Sediment Shelliness Be Explained?, Eric N. Powell

Journal of Marine Research

A numerical model for carbonate (shell) accumulation in marine sediments is proposed. Sediment shelliness is controlled by carbonate addition, taphonomic loss, carbonate reorganizing processes, and sedimentation rate. Using representative rates of carbonate production, taphonomic loss, and sedimentary carbonate content, the model shows that insufficient carbonate is produced today in many environments to explain sedimentary carbonate content and that most produced carbonate must be preseIVed despite a generally high capacity for taphonomic loss. An anthropogenically-produced decrease in carbonate production over the last ∼100 yr may explain the former. Representative rates of burial and sedimentation, and a temporal and spatial offset between …