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Confidence Intervals, Donald W.K. Andrews, Moshe Buchinsky Feb 2000

Confidence Intervals, Donald W.K. Andrews, Moshe Buchinsky

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper considers the problem of choosing the number bootstrap repetitions B to use with the BC a bootstrap confidence intervals introduced by Efron (1987). Because the simulated random variables are ancillary, we seek a choice of B that yields a confidence interval that is close to the ideal bootstrap confidence interval for which B = ∞. We specifiy a three-step method of choosing B that ensures that the lower and upper lengths of the confidence interval deviate from those of the ideal bootstrap confidence interval by at most a small percentage with high probability.

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Domestic Open Market Operations During 1999, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York Feb 2000

Domestic Open Market Operations During 1999, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Thailand: Selected Issues, Vikram Haksar, Lorenzo Giorgianni Feb 2000

Thailand: Selected Issues, Vikram Haksar, Lorenzo Giorgianni

Documents

Staff report describing Thailand's economic crisis and measures taken by the government

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The Macroeconomic Implications Of Regulatory Capital Requirements For Korean Banks, Gongpil Choi Feb 2000

The Macroeconomic Implications Of Regulatory Capital Requirements For Korean Banks, Gongpil Choi

Documents

No abstract provided.

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The Use Of Asset Management Companies In The Resolution Of Banking Crises Cross-Country Experiences, Daniela Klingebiel Feb 2000

The Use Of Asset Management Companies In The Resolution Of Banking Crises Cross-Country Experiences, Daniela Klingebiel

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Indonesia Economic And Social Update, Sudarshan Gooptu, Ruth Neyens, Bernard Drum, Sarah Cliffe, Lant Pritchett Jan 2000

Indonesia Economic And Social Update, Sudarshan Gooptu, Ruth Neyens, Bernard Drum, Sarah Cliffe, Lant Pritchett

Documents

http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/556241468268211077/pdf/512020BRI0Box31update0brief0jan2000.pdf

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Thailand Social Structural Review, Beyond The Crisis: Structural Reform For Stable Growth, World Bank/World Bank Group Jan 2000

Thailand Social Structural Review, Beyond The Crisis: Structural Reform For Stable Growth, World Bank/World Bank Group

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Ecuador Army Plotted Coup With Indians, Mahuad Says, Alistair Scrutton Jan 2000

Ecuador Army Plotted Coup With Indians, Mahuad Says, Alistair Scrutton

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Financial Sector Crisis And Restructuring: Lessons From Asia, Carl-Johan Lindgren, Tomas J. T. Balino, Charles Enoch, Anne-Marie Gulde, Marc Quintyn, Leslie Teo Jan 2000

Financial Sector Crisis And Restructuring: Lessons From Asia, Carl-Johan Lindgren, Tomas J. T. Balino, Charles Enoch, Anne-Marie Gulde, Marc Quintyn, Leslie Teo

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Quicken Loans First To Offer Fha Home Mortgages Nationally On The Internet, Intuit Inc. Jan 2000

Quicken Loans First To Offer Fha Home Mortgages Nationally On The Internet, Intuit Inc.

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Fed Recalls Extra Y2k Cash, American Banker Jan 2000

Fed Recalls Extra Y2k Cash, American Banker

Documents

No abstract provided.

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Physical Forces Enhance Colon Cancer Cell Adhesion Through A Mechanism Involving Src Kinase, Ashish Ramesh Patel Jan 2000

Physical Forces Enhance Colon Cancer Cell Adhesion Through A Mechanism Involving Src Kinase, Ashish Ramesh Patel

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Nota Bene; Volume Xiv, Number I, Yale University Library Jan 2000

Nota Bene; Volume Xiv, Number I, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

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Developing Sustainable Management Policy For The National Elk Refuge, Wyoming, Tim W. Clark, Denise Casey, Anders Halverson Jan 2000

Developing Sustainable Management Policy For The National Elk Refuge, Wyoming, Tim W. Clark, Denise Casey, Anders Halverson

Yale School of the Environment Bulletin Series

No abstract provided.

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The Stability Of An Npz Model Subject To Realistic Levels Of Vertical Mixing, Christopher A. Edwards, Thomas A. Powell, Harold P. Batchelder Jan 2000

The Stability Of An Npz Model Subject To Realistic Levels Of Vertical Mixing, Christopher A. Edwards, Thomas A. Powell, Harold P. Batchelder

Journal of Marine Research

The linear stability of a vertically-distributed, Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton (NPZ) ocean ecosystem model is analyzed to understand how vertical mixing influences biological dynamics. In the absence of vertical diffusion, the model generally exhibits both stable fixed point and limit cycle behavior, depending on the depth and choice of parameters. Diffusion couples the dynamics of nearby levels and can induce stable profiles as well as oscillatory dynamical trajectories that become vertically phase-locked for large mixing levels. Calculations of the Lyapunov exponent reveal that vertical diffusion can drive this model into a chaotic state, though this occurs only for levels of diffusion …

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Circulation And Volume Flux Of The North Atlantic Using Synoptic Hydrographic Data In A Bernoulli Inverse, Stuart A. Cunningham Jan 2000

Circulation And Volume Flux Of The North Atlantic Using Synoptic Hydrographic Data In A Bernoulli Inverse, Stuart A. Cunningham

Journal of Marine Research

A new formulation of the Bernoulli inverse is used to determine the circulation and flux of the North Atlantic from synoptic CTD observations. The inverse assumes that the compressible Bernoulli function, modified potential temperature and salinity are conserved on streamlines in steady, geostrophic, hydrostatic, mass and density conserving flow. Crossings between CTD stations in the distribution of modified potential temperature versus salinity define a set of streamlines. The Bernoulli function is conserved along streamlines and the difference in the Bernoulli function at each crossing is related to the contribution of the unknown sea-surface height (SSH) to the Bernoulli function. These …

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Generation Of Strong Mesoscale Eddies By Weak Ocean Gyres, Michael A. Spall Jan 2000

Generation Of Strong Mesoscale Eddies By Weak Ocean Gyres, Michael A. Spall

Journal of Marine Research

The generation of strong mesoscale variability through instability of the large-scale circulation in the interior of oceanic gyres is addressed. While previous studies have shown that eddies generated from weakly sheared zonal flows are generally weak, the present results demonstrate that weakly sheared meridional flows typical of wind-forced gyres can generate very strong mesoscale variability. Meridional flows are effective at generating strong eddies because the reduced influence of the planetary vorticity gradient allows the potential energy stored in the zonal potential vorticity gradient to be converted to eddy kinetic energy. A simple scaling theory based on a balance between turbulent …

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The Linkage Between Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (Ucdw) And Phytoplankton Assemblages On The West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf, Barbara B. Prézelin, Eileen E. Hofmann, Claudia Mengelt, John H. Klinck Jan 2000

The Linkage Between Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (Ucdw) And Phytoplankton Assemblages On The West Antarctic Peninsula Continental Shelf, Barbara B. Prézelin, Eileen E. Hofmann, Claudia Mengelt, John H. Klinck

Journal of Marine Research

Intrusion of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), which was derived from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), onto the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) shelf region in January 1993 provided a reservoir of nutrient-rich, warmer water below 150 m that subsequently upwelled into the upper water column. Four sites, at which topographically-induced upwelling of UCDW occurred, were identified in a 50 km by 400 km band along the outer WAP continental shelf. One additional site at which wind-driven upwelling occurred was also identified. Diatom-dominated phytoplankton assemblages were always associated with a topographically-induced upwelling site. Such phytoplankton communities were not detected at any …

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On The Influence Of Bottom Topography And The Deep Western Boundary Current On Gulf Stream Separation, Claire E. Tansley, David P. Marshall Jan 2000

On The Influence Of Bottom Topography And The Deep Western Boundary Current On Gulf Stream Separation, Claire E. Tansley, David P. Marshall

Journal of Marine Research

The Gulf Stream separates abruptly from the North American coastline at Cape Hatteras. The absence of significant seasonal and interannual variability in the separation point, compared with that of other separating boundary currents, suggests that Gulf Stream separation is locally controlled. In this paper we consider the possible influence of bottom topography and the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), which descends underneath the Gulf Stream at Cape Hatteras. The path of the DWBC is strongly constrained by bottom topography. At Cape Hatteras, the continental shelf widens and the DWBC is forced to swing offshore and pass beneath the Gulf Stream. …

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Circulation And Water Masses Of The Southwest Pacific: Woce Section P11, Papua New Guinea To Tasmania, Serguei Sokolov, Stephen Rintoul Jan 2000

Circulation And Water Masses Of The Southwest Pacific: Woce Section P11, Papua New Guinea To Tasmania, Serguei Sokolov, Stephen Rintoul

Journal of Marine Research

The circulation near the western boundary of the South Pacific is described on the basis of water properties and geostrophic velocities measured on a meridional section along 155E through the East Australian and Coral Basins. The section was occupied in winter 1993 as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE, Section P11S). The primary objective of P11 was to quantify the zonal flows entering and leaving the western boundary of the basin. The primary inflow to the Tasman and Coral seas is supplied by the South Equatorial Current (SEC), which crosses the P11 section as a wide band of …

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Emergence Of Modons From Collapsing Vortex Structures On The Β-Plane, Z. Kizner, D. Berson Jan 2000

Emergence Of Modons From Collapsing Vortex Structures On The Β-Plane, Z. Kizner, D. Berson

Journal of Marine Research

The evolution of unstable barotropic vortices is studied numerically. Exact solutions to the equation of potential vorticity conservation under the "rigid lid" condition, as well as nonsteady-state configurations, are set as initial states in the evolutionary experiments. The examined "shielded modon" structures usually collapse within one to several synoptic periods and radiate vortex pairs propagating westward and eastward. The latter are shown to be modons of Larichev and Reznik. The westward dipoles are identified as "nonlocal modons," that is, vortical cores of stationary nonlinear Rossby waves. In the case of standing Stern modons, some small initial perturbations induce slow westward …

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A Baroclinic Western Boundary Current Over A Continental Slope, Rupert Ford Jan 2000

A Baroclinic Western Boundary Current Over A Continental Slope, Rupert Ford

Journal of Marine Research

Baroclinic flow over a western continental slope is investigated using a simple model in which inertia is completely neglected and the temperature of the ocean depends only on horizontal position. Solutions of this model are also solutions of the three-dimensional equations without inertia. This model is arguably the simplest model in which the Joint Effect of Baroclinicity and Relief (JEBAR) can affect the mass transport on the slope. Offshore, we suppose that a classical double-gyre circulation exists, in which the subpolar gyre is colder than the subtropical gyre. Using asymptotic expansions based on small viscosity and small thermal diffusivity, we …

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The Equatorial Thermostad And Subsurface Countercurrents In The Light Of The Dynamics Of Atmospheric Hadley Cells, Frédéric Marin, Bach Lien Hua, Sophie Wacongne Jan 2000

The Equatorial Thermostad And Subsurface Countercurrents In The Light Of The Dynamics Of Atmospheric Hadley Cells, Frédéric Marin, Bach Lien Hua, Sophie Wacongne

Journal of Marine Research

The simple Held and Hou (1980) nearly inviscid model of the axisymmetric atmospheric circulation, rationalizing the existence of Hadley cells, Jet Streams, and tropical homogenization of potential temperature and vorticity, is adapted to the oceanic subthermocline region. The meridional profile of radiative equilibrium temperature, which provides the driving in the atmospheric case, is replaced, in the oceanic case, by the large-scale equatorial doming of the thermocline. The meridional structure of the equatorial thermostad and the existence, at its poleward flanks, of eastward subsurface countercurrents coincident with sharp potential vorticity gradients are thus explained via angular momentum redistribution by secondary ageostrophic …

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The Role Of Biologically-Enhanced Pore Water Transport In Early Diagenesis: An Example From Carbonate Sediments In The Vicinity Of North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, Yoko Furukawa, Samuel J. Bentley, Alan M. Shiller, Dawn L. Lavoie, Philippe Van Cappellen Jan 2000

The Role Of Biologically-Enhanced Pore Water Transport In Early Diagenesis: An Example From Carbonate Sediments In The Vicinity Of North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, Yoko Furukawa, Samuel J. Bentley, Alan M. Shiller, Dawn L. Lavoie, Philippe Van Cappellen

Journal of Marine Research

Biologically enhanced pore water irrigation affects the course of early diagenesis in shallow marine sediments, as illustrated here for the carbonate sediments from North Key Harbor, Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. Whereas macrofaunal activity at the study site extends approximately 15 cm below the water-sediment interface, measured O2 microprofiles only show O2 penetration to depths of a few mm. This apparent discrepancy can be explained by considering the 3-D O2 distribution in the burrowed sediments. Calculations based on an idealized tube model for burrow irrigation show that measureable O2 concentrations are limited to the immediate vicinity …

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Recipe For Banda Sea Water, Jorina M. Waworuntu, Rana A. Fine, Donald B. Olson, Arnold L. Gordon Jan 2000

Recipe For Banda Sea Water, Jorina M. Waworuntu, Rana A. Fine, Donald B. Olson, Arnold L. Gordon

Journal of Marine Research

Water from the western Pacific flows through the Indonesian Seas following different pathways and is modified by various processes to form the uniquely characterized isohaline Banda Sea Water. The processes contributing to the isohaline structure are studied using data from three ARLINDO cruises in 1993, 1994, and 1996. An inverse-model analysis using salinity and CFC-11 data is applied to a vertical section along the main path of flow, from the Makassar Strait to the Flores Sea and Banda Sea. The model reproduces the seasonal and interannual variability of the throughflow and shows reversals of flow in the vertical structure. The …

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The Influence Of Deposit-Feeding On Chlorophyll-A Degradation In Coastal Marine Sediments, Anitra E. Ingalls, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee, Ming-Yi Sun Jan 2000

The Influence Of Deposit-Feeding On Chlorophyll-A Degradation In Coastal Marine Sediments, Anitra E. Ingalls, Robert C. Aller, Cindy Lee, Ming-Yi Sun

Journal of Marine Research

To determine how macrofaunal activity affects rates and mechanisms of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) decomposition, we measured Chl-a concentrations during laboratory incubations of surface sediment with varying abundances of a subsurface deposit-feeder, Yoldia limatula. Decomposition patterns of Chl-a in sediment cores with and without a layer of algal-enriched sediment added to the surface were compared. Decomposition rate constants, kd, were calculated from the loss of reactive Chl-a and further quantified using a nonsteady state, depth-dependent, reaction-diffusion model. Values of kd decreased approximately exponentially with depth and were directly proportional to the number of …

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The Cyclonic Turning And Propagation Of Buoyant Coastal Discharge Along The Shelf, Alexander E. Yankovsky Jan 2000

The Cyclonic Turning And Propagation Of Buoyant Coastal Discharge Along The Shelf, Alexander E. Yankovsky

Journal of Marine Research

Buoyant coastal discharge typically forms a current flowing along the coast in the direction of Kelvin wave propagation (hereinafter referred to as the downstream direction). In this paper the opposite, upstream penetration of buoyancy-driven current is studied using numerical modeling. Previous models of coastal buoyancy-driven currents repeatedly predicted the upstream spreading while in the field this feature was not commonly observed. The mechanism responsible for the propagation of buoyant flow along the coast upstream from its source is identified as follows. In many cases, the boundary conditions applied for buoyant discharge oversimplify the actual dynamics at the mouth blocking landward …

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Selecting A Global Optimization Method To Estimate The Oceanic Particle Cycling Rate Constants, Véronique Athias, Pierre Mazzega, Catherine Jeandel Jan 2000

Selecting A Global Optimization Method To Estimate The Oceanic Particle Cycling Rate Constants, Véronique Athias, Pierre Mazzega, Catherine Jeandel

Journal of Marine Research

The objective is to select an inverse method to estimate the parameters of a dynamical model of the oceanic particle cycling from in situ data. Estimating the parameters of a dynamical model is a nonlinear inverse problem, even in the case of linear dynamics. Generally, biogeochemical models are characterized by complex nonlinear dynamics and by a high sensitivity to their parameters. This makes the parameter estimation problem strongly nonlinear. We show that an approach based on a linearization around an a priori solution and on a gradient descent method is not appropriate given the complexity of the related cost functions …

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Feeding Selectivity And Rapid Particle Processing By Deep-Sea Megafaunal Deposit Feeders: A 234th Tracer Approach, Robert J. Miller, Craig R. Smith, David J. Demaster, William L. Fornes Jan 2000

Feeding Selectivity And Rapid Particle Processing By Deep-Sea Megafaunal Deposit Feeders: A 234th Tracer Approach, Robert J. Miller, Craig R. Smith, David J. Demaster, William L. Fornes

Journal of Marine Research

Deposit-feeding megafauna occur in virtually all deep-sea environments, yet their feeding selectivity and particle processing rates are poorly known. Excess 234Th activity is commonly used asa geochemical tracer for recently settled (, 100-d old) particles in the quiescent deep sea, but it has rarely been applied to the study of deposit feeders. To explore the selectivity and rates of megafaunal deposit feeding, we compared excess 234Th activities in the gut contents of deposit feeders from Santa Catalina Basin (SCB) (~ 1200 m depth) and the Hawaiian slope (~ 1680 m) to the activity of surface sediments and, in SCB, to …

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Detection Of Bay Of Bengal Eddies From Topex And In Situ Observations, A. K. S. Gopalan, V. V. Gopala Krishna, M. M. Ali, Rashmi Sharma Jan 2000

Detection Of Bay Of Bengal Eddies From Topex And In Situ Observations, A. K. S. Gopalan, V. V. Gopala Krishna, M. M. Ali, Rashmi Sharma

Journal of Marine Research

Oceanic eddies have warm or cold temperatures and high or low sea surface height (SSH) at the center depending upon the direction of rotation. However, since the Bay of Bengal waters are highly stratified, sea surface temperature (SST) gradients may not be detectable even though the subsurface temperature sections and the SSH show prominent eddy signatures. In this investigation, SSH observations from TOPEX altimeter data and the expendable bathy thermograph (XBT) temperature sections along the Madras-Andamans track have been analyzed to study the Bay of Bengal eddies. Several cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies are identified from the TOPEX altimeter observations. These …

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