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Diverse Models Of Immunoediting: Exploring Tumor-T Cell Interactions In Developing Cancers, Julie F. Cheung
Diverse Models Of Immunoediting: Exploring Tumor-T Cell Interactions In Developing Cancers, Julie F. Cheung
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Cancer's complexity is characterized by its genetic diversity, adaptability to environmental changes, and the extent of immunoediting that results from interactions with the immune system. T cells, tasked with eliminating mutated cells, have entered the cancer research spotlight due to their therapeutic potential to restore the natural host immune response against established tumors. However, their effectiveness is limited to a subset of cancers, and their inability to eradicate all tumors from the outset has perplexed researchers. Consequently, immunoediting, which encapsulates the interplay between T cells and developing tumor cells within their specific microenvironment, is a linchpin in determining cancer fate. …
Dynamics Of Diagonal Flows In Anosov Homogeneous Spaces, Michael Chow
Dynamics Of Diagonal Flows In Anosov Homogeneous Spaces, Michael Chow
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
In this thesis, we prove some dynamical and geometric properties of diagonal flows on \emph{Anosov homogeneous spaces}, generalizing classical results for the geodesic flow on closed hyperbolic surfaces. Let $G$ be a connected semisimple real algebraic group and $\Gamma$ be a Zariski dense Anosov subgroup of $G$. On the Anosov homogeneous space $\Gamma \backslash G$, we consider a \emph{one-parameter diagonal flow} $a_{t\v}$ ($t \in \R$) parameterized by a family $D_\Gamma \cong \R^{\rankG-1}$ of directions $\v$. We prove that $a_{t\v}$ is \emph{locally mixing} with respect to the \emph{Bowen--Margulis--Sullivan measure} $\BMS$ with recurrence rate proportional to $1/t^{(\rankG-1)/2}$. More generally, our results apply …
Developing Metabolism-Targeting Adjuvants To Immunotherapy In Murine Melanoma, Xinyi Zhang
Developing Metabolism-Targeting Adjuvants To Immunotherapy In Murine Melanoma, Xinyi Zhang
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer type, causing 8000 deaths per year in the United States. The development of immunotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of cancer patients, including patients with melanoma. By impairing the inhibitory signaling pathway, immunotherapy, for example anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, reinforces the anti-tumor effector function of T cells that recognize cancer cells and therefore suppresses tumor progression. However, the problem of low responsiveness and development of resistance significantly prevents a large proportion of patients from benefiting from immunotherapy. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop adjuvants to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. Metabolic alterations have long …
Insights On The Functional Importance Of Molecular Motions In Phosphatases, Erik Zavala
Insights On The Functional Importance Of Molecular Motions In Phosphatases, Erik Zavala
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Enzymes are biomolecules that catalyze biological reactions, and as such, demand thorough investigation so that manipulation of their associated biological processes can be achieved. Biological processes are made up of complex pathways where enzymes play a key role in regulating pathway flux. Enzymes are a diverse subset of biomolecules and different classes of enzymes regulate pathway activity in different ways. For example, phosphatases and kinases are the enzymes responsible for regulating the phosphorylation levels of proteins. Phosphatases remove phosphates by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phosphate groups and kinases attach phosphate groups by catalyzing the transfer of phosphates from adenosine triphosphate …
Deep Learning For Multi-Modal Tomography Imaging: Radiation Dose, Image Artifacts, And Acquisition Time Reductions, Bo Zhou
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
PET-CT/MRI is the most used multi-modal tomography imaging exam which can provide both functional and anatomical information from a single exam and aid clinical decision-making. The CT/MRI component focuses on visualizing the anatomical structures, and the PET component focuses on visualizing molecular-level functional activities in tissues. Millions of PET-CT/MRI scans were performed each year worldwide with wide applications in oncology, cardiology, neurology, and biomedical research. While being an indispensable multi-modal tomography imaging tool in medicine, PET-CT/MRI has several key issues limiting its broader impacts on patients, including 1) the potential hazard caused by radiation dose from the PET and CT, …
Older And Growing Wiser? Evaluating How Public Insurance Programs Have Restructured The Delivery Of Care To Older Adults, Deepon Bhaumik
Older And Growing Wiser? Evaluating How Public Insurance Programs Have Restructured The Delivery Of Care To Older Adults, Deepon Bhaumik
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Public insurance programs play a crucial role in providing affordable coverage to older adults in the U.S. With the U.S. population rapidly aging, providing and financing long-term care is one of the most pressing policy concerns. Since the 1980s, state Medicaid programs have begun deploying tools such as HCBS Section 1915(c) waiver programs and managed long-term services and supports (MLTSS) programs (wherein states contract with private managed care plans who deliver LTSS) in the hopes of managing costs and expanding HCBS services. At the same time, there is a need to further understand if and how health systems tailor treatment …
Decoding Novel Metabolic Functions And Binding Products Of Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1c3, Natavan Dudkina
Decoding Novel Metabolic Functions And Binding Products Of Human Aldo-Keto Reductase 1c3, Natavan Dudkina
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
The increased incidents of many chronic diseases such as asthma, allergies, diabetes, heart disease, and mental disorders cannot be fully explained by genetic factors. The exposure to environment, diet, and behavioral changes is equally or sometimes even more greatly associated with disease progression. Such non-genetic factors could be reflected in chemical fingerprints that cellular processes leave behind. Metabolite profiling provides biochemical information that is not available at the gene or protein level. The emerging technological advances such as sensitive metabolomic approaches have allowed to assess these metabolic changes in a way that was not possible before. As a consequence, in …
Essays On Demand Estimation, Jaewon Lee
Essays On Demand Estimation, Jaewon Lee
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
This thesis comprises two chapters in industrial organization, focusing on econometric methods for estimating discrete choice demand models. The first chapter discusses how we can adapt, in a computationally feasible way, a weak-identification robust inference method that is otherwise computationally very expensive. The second chapter demonstrates how the conventional method of gauging the accuracy of the demand estimator may be incorrect when a well-known type of instrumental variable is employed, and studies how we can apply correlation-robust variance estimators as a remedy. The first chapter proposes an approach to inference on BLP-style demand models when instruments are potentially weak. I …
Investigation Of Natural And Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Groundwater Quality And Availability In The Northwestern Appalachian Basin, Helen Grace Siegel
Investigation Of Natural And Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Groundwater Quality And Availability In The Northwestern Appalachian Basin, Helen Grace Siegel
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
The Northwestern Appalachian Basin (NAB) encompasses a region of more than 100,000 square kilometers across parts of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia and is home to a population of nearly 700,000 rural residents who rely on private groundwater wells as their sole source of drinking water. Rural communities in the NAB are often under-resourced and the cost of treatment or replacement of private water supplies may be prohibitive to many, leaving residents susceptible to health impacts associated with groundwater contamination and shifts in water availability under a changing climate. While vital to the rural communities of the NAB, groundwater withdrawals …
Criticality In Majorana Wires, Vladislav Kurilovich
Criticality In Majorana Wires, Vladislav Kurilovich
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
The interest in exotic excitations motivates an on-going effort to engineer a one-dimensional topological superconductor. Such a superconducting wire is expected to host Majorana zero modes at its ends, whose properties might be useful for the development of a fault-tolerant quantum computer. There are many proposed ways to construct a Majorana wire out of a conventional superconductor and a semiconductor. In most of them, the transition between topologically trivial and non-trivial phases occurs with an application of magnetic field. Experiments attempting to implement the proposals, however, provide inconclusive evidence for the presence of Majorana zero modes. While the basic signatures …
Coding Sequence Dependent Mrna Decay Regulation, Damir Musaev
Coding Sequence Dependent Mrna Decay Regulation, Damir Musaev
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Post-transcriptional mRNA regulation shapes gene expression, yet the full extent of cis-regulatory sequences and how translation shapes the regulation of these elements is poorly understood. To identify conserved cis-regulatory elements shaping mRNA stability, I analyzed the features associated with differential mRNA decay in two vertebrate systems: steady-state HEK293 cells and developing zebrafish embryos. I found that strength of translation initiation (Kozak score), uORF content, codon optimality, AU-rich elements, microRNA binding sites, and ORF length function combinatorially to regulate mRNA stability. Surprisingly, machine learning analysis identified ORF length as the most important conserved feature regulating mRNA decay. I found that mRNAs …
Advances In Multi-Agent Learning And Private Statistical Estimation, John Lazarsfeld
Advances In Multi-Agent Learning And Private Statistical Estimation, John Lazarsfeld
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Modern machine learning systems and other data science settings are increasingly subject to various reliability constraints: these systems may be decentralized and involve multiple agents acting without coordination, may be limited in memory and other computational resources, or may be subject to societal constraints like differential privacy. This dissertation presents algorithmic advances for several learning and data analysis tasks under such constraints. In the first chapter, we present new families of algorithms for the multi-agent cooperative bandit problem in the randomized gossip communication model. Our algorithms are fully decentralized and require only constant local memory per agent, and we highlight …
Character In Conflict: Soldiers And Eighteenth-Century English Literary Character, Adam C. Keller
Character In Conflict: Soldiers And Eighteenth-Century English Literary Character, Adam C. Keller
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
“Character in Conflict” explores the function of the soldier as a literary character in multiple genres of literature across the long eighteenth century. It constructs a series of literary case studies drawn from multiple genres, supplemented at times by soldier memoirs, drill manuals, political pamphlets, and other historical materials, to argue that soldiers make an ideal test case for literary characterization. To that end, this project examines soldier-characters that appear in Theophrastan character books, early eighteenth-century comedy, and the mid eighteenth-century novel. “Character in Conflict” uses these character case studies to explore the transhistorical properties of martial form and situates …
Communities Of Practice To Improve The Delivery Of Contact Tracing For Tuberculosis By Community Health Workers: Antecedents And Mechanisms Of Action, Rachel Hennein
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Background: Community health workers (CHWs) play a key role in expanding access to health services. Providing CHWs with high-quality and relevant training is critical to facilitate their performance. Communities of Practice (CoPs) are a low-cost implementation strategy to promote continuous learning. CoPs are groups of professionals with a common goal who meet regularly, support each other, share knowledge, and innovate solutions. CoPs have been used within the health field to promote the delivery of evidence-based care by healthcare workers; however, there are a few gaps in our understanding of their utility. For example, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of …
Secrets Of Inheritance: Modernism And The Afterlives Of Jewish Literature, Evan Goldstein
Secrets Of Inheritance: Modernism And The Afterlives Of Jewish Literature, Evan Goldstein
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
This dissertation offers a new theory of the relationship between Jewish literature and Jewish identity in European modernity. Taking up the perennially troubling case of literary modernism, I argue that Jewish writers reject the reproductive logics of Jewish identity politics by theorizing a literary mode of relationality. I term this mode of relationality aesthetic afterlife. This concept refuses the figures of blood, descent, and race that dominate Jewish identity discourse in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Amid a biopolitical imaginary that privileges the legibility of Jewish bodies as the sign of Jewish collective vitality and continuity, Jewish modernists celebrate the …
Transcriptional Regulation Of Fate Specification In Human Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Progenitors, Nayoung Kwon
Transcriptional Regulation Of Fate Specification In Human Megakaryocytic-Erythroid Progenitors, Nayoung Kwon
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEP) are a population of bipotent hematopoietic progenitors that give rise to the megakaryocytic (Mk) or erythroid (E) lineages. The Mk lineage produces platelets, and the E lineage produces RBCs, that govern coagulation and oxygen transport, respectively. Both are critical components of the blood system, and maintaining an adequate and balanced pool of platelets and red blood cells is essential for life. As MEP stand as a final branchpoint before committing to Mk or E lineages, understanding the fate specification mechanism of MEP may provide insight into treating conditions that involve platelets and/or red blood cells.This thesis focuses …
Regulation Of Microtubule Nucleation And Repair By An Abl Family Kinase, Daisy Duan
Regulation Of Microtubule Nucleation And Repair By An Abl Family Kinase, Daisy Duan
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
Abl family kinases serve as hubs for signaling cues and cytoskeletal rearrangement to regulate cell morphogenesis and migration. Loss of Abl2 in mice leads to a significant decrease in neuronal dendrite branch complexity accompanied by learning and memory behavioral deficits. Previous studies reveal that Abl2 interacts with microtubules to promote plus-end elongation both in vitro and in cells. However, mechanisms underlying Abl2 regulation of MT dynamics and organization remain understudied. Here, I report that Abl2 interacts with both the MT lattice and tubulin dimers to regulate dynamics. For the first time, I show that Abl2 can undergo phase separation and …
Search For Time-Reversal-Symmetry Violation In Thallium Fluoride Using A Cryogenic Buffer-Gas Beam Source, Jakob Kastelic
Search For Time-Reversal-Symmetry Violation In Thallium Fluoride Using A Cryogenic Buffer-Gas Beam Source, Jakob Kastelic
Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations
The CeNTREX experiment aims to provide a 30-fold increase in sensitivity over the best present upper bounds on the strength of time-violating fundamental interactions by measuring shifts in nuclear resonant frequencies in thallium fluoride. We describe the motivation for studying these time-violating interactions, and provide an overview of past work. We present the current measurement scheme for this experiment. Since the apparatus is still under construction, we present the components already built, with focus on the beam source and magnetic field control.
Overview Of Resolution Under Title Ii Of The Dodd-Frank Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Fdic)
Overview Of Resolution Under Title Ii Of The Dodd-Frank Act, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (Fdic)
Documents
No abstract provided.
Federal Council Report On Banking Stability, Switzerland: The Federal Council
Federal Council Report On Banking Stability, Switzerland: The Federal Council
Documents
No abstract provided.
Powering Growth With Curiosity And Heart Annual Report 2023 J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Jp Morgan Chase & Co.
Powering Growth With Curiosity And Heart Annual Report 2023 J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., Jp Morgan Chase & Co.
Documents
No abstract provided.
Lessons Learned: Andrew Williams, Mercedes Cardona
Lessons Learned: Andrew Williams, Mercedes Cardona
Journal of Financial Crises
Andrew Williams was deputy assistant secretary for public affairs at the US Department of the Treasury and served as spokesman for Secretary Timothy Geithner in 2009–10. Williams was previously vice president of media relations and public affairs at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) in 2007–09, when Geithner was its president. During his time at Treasury, Williams was part of several initiatives to improve communications with the public, including the first briefing for economics and financial bloggers in 2009. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Williams on March 26, 2021.
Lessons Learned: Til Schuermann, Mercedes Cardona
Lessons Learned: Til Schuermann, Mercedes Cardona
Journal of Financial Crises
Til Schuermann joined the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) in 2001 and held several positions during his tenure, including senior vice president and head of Financial Intermediation in Research and head of Credit Risk in Bank Supervision. In spring 2009, he played a leadership role in the design and execution of the “bank stress test” and the subsequent Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) programs. After leaving the FRBNY in March 2011, he became a partner at management consulting firm Oliver Wyman, where he has led stress testing for more than 25 banks and financial institutions. He participated …
Lessons Learned: Péter Ákos Bod, Matthew A. Lieber
Lessons Learned: Péter Ákos Bod, Matthew A. Lieber
Journal of Financial Crises
During Hungary’s transition from socialism from 1990 to 1994, Péter Ákos Bod served as minister of industry and trade and then for three years as governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB). Following his public sector career in Hungary, Bod served as a director of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Currently, he is a professor at Corvinus University in Budapest in the department of economic policy. This Lesson Learned is based on an interview with Bod on April 26, 2022.
Lessons Learned: Júlia Király, Matthew A. Lieber
Lessons Learned: Júlia Király, Matthew A. Lieber
Journal of Financial Crises
Júlia Király was deputy governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) from 2007 to 2013. A financial economist serving on MNB’s advisory board in the 1990s, Király helped formulate and adapt Western banking frameworks for Hungary’s economic transition away from socialism. As deputy governor, she oversaw Hungary’s emergency response to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). A professor of finance at the International Business School Budapest, Király is the author of Hungary and Other Emerging EU Countries in the Financial Storm, published in 2020. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Király on June …
Lessons Learned: Ádám Banai, Matthew A. Lieber
Lessons Learned: Ádám Banai, Matthew A. Lieber
Journal of Financial Crises
During the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), Ádám Banai served first as an analyst in the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB), where he helped the bank develop and implement a macroprudential framework for financial stability. Since 2020, he has served as MNB’s executive director of monetary policy instruments, financial stability, and foreign reserve management. This Lessons Learned is based on an interview with Banai conducted on April 18, 2023.
Lessons Learned: Ádám Balog, Matthew A. Lieber
Lessons Learned: Ádám Balog, Matthew A. Lieber
Journal of Financial Crises
From 2013 to 2016, Ádám Balog was deputy governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) and a member of the Monetary Council. During the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), Hungary was unable to finance its external debt and negotiated a three-party agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union. In this interview, Balog describes the conditions in Hungary before the crisis and the challenges and decisions that he worked on during its aftermath. This Lessons Learned summary is based on an interview with Balog held on February 1, 2022.
United Kingdom: Dunfermline Building Society Restructuring, 2009, Anmol Makhija
United Kingdom: Dunfermline Building Society Restructuring, 2009, Anmol Makhija
Journal of Financial Crises
During the Global Financial Crisis of 2007–2009 (GFC), Dunfermline Building Society—Scotland’s largest building society by assets—faced significant impairments on its commercial mortgages. Rumors about Dunfermline’s financial troubles created a loss of confidence and led to depositor withdrawals. On March 28, 2009, the Financial Services Authority (FSA) determined that Dunfermline was likely to fail to meet its threshold conditions for operating as a deposit taker. This triggered the Special Resolution Regime, which was the new framework for resolving failed financial institutions adopted in the UK in response to the GFC. On March 30, 2009, the Bank of England (BoE) split Dunfermline …
Switzerland: Ubs Restructuring, 2008, Anmol Makhija
Switzerland: Ubs Restructuring, 2008, Anmol Makhija
Journal of Financial Crises
UBS incurred write-downs totaling USD 50 billion during the Global Financial Crisis, mostly on exposures to securities linked to US subprime mortgages. On October 16, 2008, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) announced that it would set up a special purpose vehicle, StabFund, to purchase up to USD 60 billion of troubled assets from UBS. The Swiss government also subscribed to 6 billion Swiss francs (CHF; USD 5.3 billion) of mandatory convertible notes (MCNs) issued by UBS. Between December 2008 and April 2009, UBS transferred USD 38.7 billion in assets and contingent liabilities to StabFund in three tranches. In August 2009, …
Spain: Banco Popular Restructuring, 2017, Carey K. Mott
Spain: Banco Popular Restructuring, 2017, Carey K. Mott
Journal of Financial Crises
On Friday, June 2, and Monday, June 5, 2017, Banco Popular Español, S.A., experienced a depositor run. Emergency liquidity assistance from Spain’s central bank proved insufficient to meet the bank’s liquidity needs. On June 6, Popular informed the European Central Bank that it was likely to fail, triggering the European Union’s Single Resolution Mechanism. That evening, the Single Resolution Board (SRB) initiated a sale of Popular’s business to one of Spain’s largest banks, Santander Group S.A., provided that Santander raise or inject enough capital to meet regulatory requirements and provide liquidity to manage further outflows. The sale involved the write-down …