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Motion-Based Spatial Vision In Drosophila: Connecting Canonical Levels Of Understanding In Neuroscience, Ryosuke Tanaka Apr 2022

Motion-Based Spatial Vision In Drosophila: Connecting Canonical Levels Of Understanding In Neuroscience, Ryosuke Tanaka

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

A canonical metatheoretical framework in neuroscience states that, for one to understand a brain, parallel descriptions at the levels of computational theory, algorithms, and implementations, are necessary. However, computational goals of a brain are less empirically accessible than its algorithms or mechanisms, making analyses at the theoretical level challenging. The present thesis proposes that studying spatial vision problems in fruit fly Drosophila can be an interesting model case where one can bridge the computation theoretical and the other levels, aided by simple geometry of spatial vision problems as well as sophisticated circuit dissection tools in Drosophila. Chapter 2 explores how …

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Single Particle Tracking Covariance Analysis With Applications To Studying Chromatin Dynamics, Mary Lou Padlan Bailey Apr 2022

Single Particle Tracking Covariance Analysis With Applications To Studying Chromatin Dynamics, Mary Lou Padlan Bailey

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The chromosomes - DNA polymers and their binding proteins - are compacted into aspatially organized, yet dynamic, three-dimensional structure. Recent genome-wide chromatin conformation capture experiments reveal a hierarchical organization of the DNA structure that is imposed, at least in part, by looping interactions arising from the activity of loop extrusion factors. The dynamics of chromatin reflects the response of these polymers to a combination of thermal fluctuations and active processes. However, how chromosome structure and enzymes acting on chromatin together define its dynamics remains poorly understood. In the first part of this thesis, I present my work that combines high-precision …

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Fundamental Studies Of The Reactivity Of Transition Metal Hydrides With Carbon Dioxide And Related Hydride Acceptors, Matthew Espinosa Apr 2022

Fundamental Studies Of The Reactivity Of Transition Metal Hydrides With Carbon Dioxide And Related Hydride Acceptors, Matthew Espinosa

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation describes the mechanistic investigation of hydride transfer from transition metal hydrides to carbon dioxide and related hydride acceptors. Hydride transfer is studied through both empirical methods that use structure-activity relationships and, quantitative thermodynamic and kinetic studies that focus on fundamental reactivity. Chapter 1 provides a review of work done to understand the reactivity of metal hydrides. It discusses empirical structure activity relationships developed with transition metal hydrides bound by a pincer ligand. This chapter also covers thermodynamic and kinetic hydricity and how they have been used to investigate the reactivity of metal hydrides. It ends with a brief …

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The Function Of Kiaa0319 In Human Neuronal Development, Steven Paniagua Apr 2022

The Function Of Kiaa0319 In Human Neuronal Development, Steven Paniagua

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Reading Disability (RD), also known as dyslexia, is defined as difficulty processing written language in individuals with normal intellectual capacity and educational opportunity. The prevalence of RD is between 5% and 17%, and the heritability ranges from 44% to 75%. Genetic linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genes and regulatory elements linked to RD and reading ability. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Prominent among these is KIAA0319, encoded in the DYX2 locus of human chromosome 6p22. Association of KIAA0319 has been independently replicated in multiple independent studies and languages. Rodent models …

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Incorporating Ancestry Information Into Association Studies Provides New Insights Into The Genetic And Epigenetic Architecture Of Smoking Trajectory, Boyang Li Apr 2022

Incorporating Ancestry Information Into Association Studies Provides New Insights Into The Genetic And Epigenetic Architecture Of Smoking Trajectory, Boyang Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Tobacco smoking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and the most preventable cause of a wide range of medical conditions and diseases. Studies showed that smoking was associated with both the genetic predisposition and DNA methylation signatures. To date, association studies have identified thousands of genetic variations and epigenetic alterations associated with smoking behavior. However, a large number of existing studies focused on a single ancestry group, mostly samples of European descent. Furthermore, a majority of the commonly used phenotypes including contrasts of smoking status (e.g. smoking initiation, smoking cessation) and quantitative phenotypes (e.g. pack-year, number of cigarettes …

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Improving Paleoclimate Reconstructions Using Models And Observations Of Foraminifera, Daniel E. Gaskell Apr 2022

Improving Paleoclimate Reconstructions Using Models And Observations Of Foraminifera, Daniel E. Gaskell

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This study investigates the biological and morphological factors controlling carbon and oxygen stable isotope fractionation in foraminifera (δ13C and δ18O) and uses these findings to address two major questions of paleoclimate—the effect of warm climates on organic carbon cycling and the strength of polar amplification through geologic time. Using a chemical model of the foraminifera’s diffusive boundary layer, it is shown that metabolism and the physical arrangement of algal symbionts on the spines and rhizopodia of planktonic foraminifera can significantly affect the δ13C signal recorded in their shells. This finding implies that vertical gradients of δ13CDIC in the Eocene were …

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Strategic Stability In The Third Nuclear Age, David Minchin Allison Apr 2022

Strategic Stability In The Third Nuclear Age, David Minchin Allison

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The arrival of a third nuclear age—characterized by emerging technologies and multipolarity—threatens to upend global order. For decades, scholars have taken comfort in the perceived effectiveness of extended deterrence and taboo talk by nuclear elites. But how might new vulnerabilities and incentives for use affect nuclear prospects? Using survey experiments based on realistic conflict scenarios, I investigate the effect of these changes on public opinion concerning nuclear use. Contrary to decades of scholarship, I find that prior claims matter little and support for nuclear use is highly contextual. Despite extended deterrent commitments, the U.S. public is broadly unwilling to support …

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Identification And Characterization Of Epigenetic Regulators Of Breast Cancer Metastasis, Jocelyn Fang-Yi Chen Apr 2022

Identification And Characterization Of Epigenetic Regulators Of Breast Cancer Metastasis, Jocelyn Fang-Yi Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Cancer metastasis remains a major clinical challenge for cancer treatment. It is therefore crucial to understand how cancer cells establish and maintain their metastatic traits. Emerging evidence suggests that key steps of metastasis are controlled by reversible epigenetic mechanisms, which can be targeted to prevent and treat the metastatic disease. Although a variety of epigenetic mechanisms were identified to regulate cancer metastasis, including the well-studied DNA methylation and histone modifications, there are very few epigenetic drugs for cancer treatment and currently none of them was approved specifically for metastasis. Thus, we aim to uncover novel epigenetic regulators and identify the …

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Engineering Functional Distal Lung Epithelium, Katherine Leiby Apr 2022

Engineering Functional Distal Lung Epithelium, Katherine Leiby

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The potential for lung tissue engineering to generate lung tissue capable of gas exchange ultimately rests upon the ability to reconstitute a functional barrier between the air and blood spaces in the engineered lung alveolus. The success of this endeavor will rely in large part on the recapitulation of an alveolar epithelium, comprising alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) and type 2 cells (AEC2s), which provides a surface for gas diffusion, actively maintains critical features of blood-gas barrier function, and comprises resident AEC2 stem cells for ongoing maintenance and repair of the distal lung. Yet, since the beginning of this …

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Molecular Mechanisms Of Atg-9 Localization And Function In Neurons, Sisi Yang Apr 2022

Molecular Mechanisms Of Atg-9 Localization And Function In Neurons, Sisi Yang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway essential for neuronal health andfunction. Autophagosome biogenesis occurs at synapses, is locally regulated and increases in response to neuronal activity. The mechanisms that couple autophagosome biogenesis to synaptic activity remain unknown. In my thesis work, I determine that trafficking of ATG-9, the only transmembraneprotein in the core autophagy pathway, links the synaptic vesicle cycle with autophagy. ATG-9-positive vesicles in C. elegans are generated from the trans-Golgi network via AP- 3-dependent budding and delivered to presynaptic sites. At presynaptic sites, ATG-9 undergoes exo-endocytosis in an activity-dependent manner. Mutations that disrupt endocytosis, including a lesion in …

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Ion Transport In Membranes With Sub-Nanometer Pores: Material Design And Selectivity Mechanisms, Xuechen Zhou Apr 2022

Ion Transport In Membranes With Sub-Nanometer Pores: Material Design And Selectivity Mechanisms, Xuechen Zhou

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

As of 2017, over 800 million people around the world still lacked the access to safe drinking water. With over 97% of the earth’s water stored in the ocean, reverse osmosis (RO) seawater desalination has been proposed as a promising solution to boost the water supply and alleviate the water shortage. Polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are the state-of-the-art membranes for RO separation and a typical PA TFC membrane can reject over 99% of the sodium chloride (NaCl) in the feed stream. Despite their exceptional water-salt separation capability, current PA membranes have two major limitations: 1) they are highly …

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Learning About Safety: Conditioned Inhibition As A Novel Approach To Fear Reduction Targeting The Developing Brain, Paola Odriozola Apr 2022

Learning About Safety: Conditioned Inhibition As A Novel Approach To Fear Reduction Targeting The Developing Brain, Paola Odriozola

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Fear serves an adaptive function by allowing an organism to predict potentially aversive events from environmental cues, increase vigilance, and avoid potential danger. However, fear responses can become maladaptive when they are excessive or prevent an individual from engaging in goal-directed activities (Rothbaum & Davis, 2003). Anxiety disorders, which are characterized by this failure to regulate fear, are the most common psychiatric illnesses, affecting up to one-third of the population (Kessler et al., 2005). Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of mental illness, with anxiety being the most common disorders (Beesdo et al., 2009; Merikangas & Swanson, 2010), …

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The Impacts Of Unconventional Oil And Gas Development On Drinking Water And Children’S Health, Cassandra J. Clark Apr 2022

The Impacts Of Unconventional Oil And Gas Development On Drinking Water And Children’S Health, Cassandra J. Clark

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) combines horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing (the pressurized injection of millions of gallons of water and chemicals) to extract fossil fuels such as natural gas from deep rock deposits. UOGD has led to community concern over environmental hazards, such as water contamination, and health hazards, such as cancer. This dissertation examines the impacts of UOGD on communities in the Appalachian Basin from the perspective of three disciplines: exposure science, environmental justice, and epidemiology (background and overall aims summarized in Chapter 1). Chapter 2 investigates whether UOG exposure through household groundwater is captured by spatial …

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Associations Between Adherence To Lifestyle Behaviors And Obesity-Related Cancer Risk And Outcomes Among Black/African American And Hispanic/Latino Adults, Margaret S. Pichardo Apr 2022

Associations Between Adherence To Lifestyle Behaviors And Obesity-Related Cancer Risk And Outcomes Among Black/African American And Hispanic/Latino Adults, Margaret S. Pichardo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

BackgroundObesity is a chronic disease that has been established in the etiology of at least 14 cancers. Rates of many of these obesity-related cancers (ORC) have been increasing among Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino populations. Following the American Cancer Association’s (ACS) nutrition and physical activity cancer prevention guidelines has been associated with a 10-61% reduction in overall cancer incidence and mortality. However, just 5 to 14% of the general population and cancer survivors follow these guidelines. Limited research suggests that adherence with the cancer prevention guidelines results in a greater reduction in cancer risk and mortality for Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino …

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Tumor-Intrinsic Mechanisms Of Immune Evasion And Metabolic Reprogramming For T Cell Immunotherapy, Paul Renauer Apr 2022

Tumor-Intrinsic Mechanisms Of Immune Evasion And Metabolic Reprogramming For T Cell Immunotherapy, Paul Renauer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Immune evasion is a critical step of cancer progression that can occur through tumor-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. Tumor-intrinsic mechanisms such as immune checkpoints have been promising targets for immunotherapy; However, there remain fundamental gaps in our understanding of immune evasion, as well as unexplored strategies to improve current immunotherapies. We hypothesized that we can identify novel genetic factors that mediate immune escape by leveraging in vivo tumorigenesis screens in hosts with different levels of immunocompetence. Specifically, parallel high-throughput genetic knock-out screens were performed in immortalized hepatocytes that are able to generate tumors in immunocompromised but not wild-type mice to determine …

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Homage To Hutchinson: Niche Modeling Across Spatial Scales, Muyang Lu Apr 2022

Homage To Hutchinson: Niche Modeling Across Spatial Scales, Muyang Lu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The concept of the niche is one of the building blocks of ecology and evolution. However, various issues have plagued the measurement of the niche, such as the “curse of dimensionality” and the problem of spatial scale. The lack of agreement on niche measurement not only hampers the development of niche-based theories but also imposes serious challenges on the application of niche modeling to addressing the threats of climate change. In this dissertation, I provided a geometric framework based on Hutchinson’s n-dimensional hypervolume to understand how niche estimates change across spatial scales. In the first chapter, I developed a computationally …

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Mammalian Facial Muscles: Their Evolution, Function, Diversity, & Study Through Comparative Methods, Juri Ann Miyamae Apr 2022

Mammalian Facial Muscles: Their Evolution, Function, Diversity, & Study Through Comparative Methods, Juri Ann Miyamae

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Within the great diversity of living vertebrates, mammals alone are distinguished by the presence of facial muscles. These delicate sheets of muscle are distributed in superficial layers of the face and neck and are responsible for critical everyday functions such as communication, feeding, and active gathering of sensory information. Despite the importance of this anatomical system in the lives of mammals, they have seldom been the focus of investigation, especially within an evolutionary context. The goal of this PhD dissertation is to explore facial muscles as a whole and integrated anatomical system with a dynamic evolutionary history and functional relevance …

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Determining The Function And Atpase/Rna Remodeling Cycle Of Dbp5, Shawn Dean Gray Apr 2022

Determining The Function And Atpase/Rna Remodeling Cycle Of Dbp5, Shawn Dean Gray

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Dbp5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an essential DEAD-box protein required for many aspects of mRNA metabolism including nuclear mRNA export. The ATPase cycle of Dbp5 is required for its in vivo function in mRNA export. The Dbp5 ATPase cycling kinetics dictate how the energy from ATP binding and hydrolysis is coupled to RNA remodeling. Several factors are known to regulate Dbp5 ATPase and mRNA export activity including the small molecule inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6), RNA, and the nucleoporins Gle1 and Nup159. In order to quantify how these regulatory factors, influence the ATPase activity and functionality of Dbp5, we measured the rate …

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Adaptive Identification And Control Of Time-Varying Systems Using Multiple Models, Kasra Esfandiari Apr 2022

Adaptive Identification And Control Of Time-Varying Systems Using Multiple Models, Kasra Esfandiari

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The study of adaptive systems concerns the identification and control of dynamicalsystems in the presence of uncertainties. In the past seven decades, research on adaptive systems has primarily centered around the identification and control of linear dynamical systems with constant parameters. The use of multiple models to judiciously combine information from various sources has proven to be a powerful technique for improving adaptive behavior (in terms of speed, accuracy, and robustness) in these systems. However, the main interest of adaptive structures has always been in the identification and control of systems with unknown time-varying parameters. Situations which call for adaptation …

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Development Of Assays For Single Molecule Spectroscopy Of Conjugated Polymers Using Optical Tweezers, Qixuan Yu Apr 2022

Development Of Assays For Single Molecule Spectroscopy Of Conjugated Polymers Using Optical Tweezers, Qixuan Yu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis focuses on the development of a single-molecule spectroscopy technique to study the mechanical and photophysical properties of conjugated polymers in a dual-trap optical tweezers system. It involves the design, synthesis, and implementation of a novel optical tweezers platform and the preparation of tailor-made conjugated polymers. Novel SiO2-coated zinc oxide microspheres (ZnO@SiO2) with tunable size were developed as materials for dual-trap optical tweezers in organic solvents. The microspheres can be used as stable traps in both aqueous and various organic solvents ranging in polarity and refractive index. Specifically, we demonstrated the use of the microspheres to study the single-molecule …

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Β-Catenin Nuclear Transport In Wnt Signaling: Kap-Β2/Transportin Mediates Nuclear Import Of Β-Catenin Via A Py-Nls Motif In A Ran Gtpase Dependent Manner, Woong Y. Hwang Apr 2022

Β-Catenin Nuclear Transport In Wnt Signaling: Kap-Β2/Transportin Mediates Nuclear Import Of Β-Catenin Via A Py-Nls Motif In A Ran Gtpase Dependent Manner, Woong Y. Hwang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Wnt signaling is essential for embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis; mutations in Wnt pathway components are major drivers of multiple diseases especially cancer. β-catenin is a key effector in this pathway that translocates into the nucleus and activates Wnt responsive genes. However, due to our lack of understanding of β-catenin nuclear transport, therapeutic modulation of Wnt signaling has been challenging. Here, we took an unconventional approach to address this long-standing question by exploiting a heterologous model system, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which contains a conserved nuclear transport machinery. In contrast to prior work, we demonstrate that β-catenin accumulates …

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Studies Towards The Synthesis Of Diaporthein B And Studies Towards The Synthesis Of Darobactin A, Ian Tingyung Hsu Apr 2022

Studies Towards The Synthesis Of Diaporthein B And Studies Towards The Synthesis Of Darobactin A, Ian Tingyung Hsu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In the first chapter of this thesis, I describe the development of two convergent, fragment-based strategies to prepare the oxidized carbon scaffold of diaporthein B (1). Diaporthein B (1), initially isolated from the fungal genus Diaporthe, is an antimycobacterial pimarane diterpene that exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.1 µg⋅mL–1 against M. tuberculosis, as well as half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1.5–3 µM against HCT and LoVo colon cancer cell lines. The first synthetic approach towards diaporthein B (1) furnished the tricyclic carbon skeleton 154 in 9 steps from (R)-carvone through a diastereoselective 1,2-addition between two elaborated cycloalkenones, a novel …

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Frontal Neuromodulation Of Value-Based Decisions In Mice Playing A Competitive Game, Hongli Wang Apr 2022

Frontal Neuromodulation Of Value-Based Decisions In Mice Playing A Competitive Game, Hongli Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In a social game involving two animals, the outcome depends on the choices of both. Thriving in such situations requires the animal to make flexible decisions against its opponent to gain reward which is essential to survive. Central neuromodulatory systems have been shown to send broad projections to various brain regions, and contribute to the regulation of information processing. However, it remains unclear that what roles the noradrenergic and cholinergic signals play in the frontal cortex during value-based decisions. To directly address this question, the dissertation will present two independent studies centered on the neuromodulation during decision-making. We first trained …

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Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Density Functional Theory For Quantizing Protons, Zhen Tao Apr 2022

Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Density Functional Theory For Quantizing Protons, Zhen Tao

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Through treating select nuclei quantum mechanically at the same level as electrons, the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method inherently captures the important nuclear quantum effects of the system. Without the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) separation between electrons and select nuclei, vibronic states are described naturally. Treating protons quantum mechanically within the multicomponent density functional theory (DFT) framework introduces an additional functional to describe electron-proton correlation (epc). This dissertation introduces an epc functional based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), which can provide accurate protonic densities and energies. Electron-proton vibronic excitations can be calculated through NEO time-dependent density functional theory (NEO-TDDFT). This Dissertation further …

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Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies Of Triphenylmethyl Radicals, Abigail Marie Heuer Apr 2022

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies Of Triphenylmethyl Radicals, Abigail Marie Heuer

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis aims to advance our understanding of H-atom transfer processes at carbon-centered radicals. First, we develop a robust synthetic route towards accessing triphenylmethyl (trityl) radicals as tools for studying radical reactions at carbon, among other things. Then, we utilize trityl radicals to assess the intrinsic reactivity at C–H bonds. The final chapter of this thesis provides details into the design and synthesis of a series of (+)–pleuromutilin analogs. Several iterations of hydrindane-core-modified and peripherally-functionalized pleuromutilins are addressed.

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Synthesizing Epidemiological Evidence Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus To Predict The Potential Effectiveness Of Three Rsv Prevention Strategies, Zhe Zheng Apr 2022

Synthesizing Epidemiological Evidence Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus To Predict The Potential Effectiveness Of Three Rsv Prevention Strategies, Zhe Zheng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infection and hospitalization for infants, children, and the elderly [1]. In this dissertation, I present five quantitative studies aimed at improving our understanding of the disease burden, epidemic timing, geographic spread, and prevention of RSV. Specifically, I applied statistical and mathematical models to (1) estimate respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV across age and socioeconomic groups; (2) identify drivers that impact RSV epidemic spatiotemporal patterns in a typical winter season; (3) estimate the timing and intensity of RSV reemergence following the COVID-19 pandemic; (4) compare the geographic spread of RSV epidemics …

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Site- And Stereochemical Considerations In Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Utilizing Guanidinylated Ligands, Jaeyeon Hwang Apr 2022

Site- And Stereochemical Considerations In Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions Utilizing Guanidinylated Ligands, Jaeyeon Hwang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Herein we report the 1) chirality-matched catalyst-enabled macrocyclization reactions and 2) site-selective arylation of tyrosine residues in short peptides, both via copper-catalyzed Ullmann coupling. Through the works presented herein, this dissertation explores key considerations in achieving site- and stereo-selective transformations by levereging non-covalent interactions. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to peptide-based catalysis and their utility in various desymmetrization reactions reported by the Miller group. We focus on desymmetrization of symmetrical diarylmethanes, and make a case that these rather simple scaffolds provide a powerful platform to interrogate distal, non-covalent interactions in asymmetric transformations. Examples employing transition-metal catalysis are surveyed in detail. …

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Essays On The Effects Of Labor Market Policies, Julian Aramburu Apr 2022

Essays On The Effects Of Labor Market Policies, Julian Aramburu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation, I study the effects of two types of policies that aim to improve the labor market outcomes of workers from underrepresented groups. “Coding Bootcamps for Female Digital Employment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Argentina and Colombia” Women are underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) sector, at both the educational and occupational level. In particular, the gender gap in computer science careers is the most salient of all STEM fields. In the first chapter of this dissertation, my coauthors and I design a high-quality computer coding training — a bootcamp — that aims …

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Multidisciplinary Studies On The Social And Health Implications Of Stormwater Management And Flash Flooding, Alisha Yee Chan Apr 2022

Multidisciplinary Studies On The Social And Health Implications Of Stormwater Management And Flash Flooding, Alisha Yee Chan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Research on stormwater management and flash flooding is of the upmost importance given the increase in severity of storm events from climate change and the rising installation of impervious surfaces from urbanization. This dissertation presents three studies that reveal social and health implications of stormwater management and flash flooding. Stormwater control measures (SCMs) (i.e., green infrastructure) are advantageous methods of stormwater management. However, studies suggest that urban greening may be associated with gentrification, displacing racially/ethnically minoritized groups due to increased housing costs and loss of feelings of belonging. For the first study presented in this dissertation, I analyzed whether there …

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Essays In Family Economics, Paula Andrea Calvo Apr 2022

Essays In Family Economics, Paula Andrea Calvo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation I investigate how family formation decisions interact with otherindividual's choices---including labor supply, savings or separation,---and how these decision shape gender gaps, inequality and child development. "The effects of institutional gaps between cohabitation and marriage". In the first chapter of my dissertation, I examine how institutional differences between marriage and cohabitation in the U.S.---in dimensions such as child custody or property division laws---shape family formation decisions, and how this choice affects family well-being and child outcomes. As cohabitation and non-marital fertility are prevalent in the U.S., mainly among the less educated, policies that change the differences between cohabitation …

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