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Phytoplankton Patchiness: Inferences From Particle Statistics, Andrew F. Bennett, Kenneth L. Denman

Journal of Marine Research

We examine the influence of mesoscale turbulence and random growth rate fields upon phytoplankton patchiness, on length scales from 1 km to 100 km and time scales from 1 day to 100 days. We consider phytoplankton concentrations with quite general nonlinear growth rate functions, such that the concentration is bounded for all time. We use, and justify the use of, particle separation statistics to deduce variance spectra of nonlinearly transformed concentration. Two growth rate models are examined: an advected field, and a locally specified field. Both lead to initial patchiness in the concentration, correlated with the growth rate field. The …

Effect Of Physical Disturbance On Population Dynamics And Trophic Interactions Among Microbes And Meiofauna, Daniel M. Alongi

Journal of Marine Research

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to assess the effects of physical disturbance of surface sediments on trophic interactions among bacteria, protozoa and meiofauna. Bacteria, zooflagellates, and populations of the hypotrich ciliate Aspidisca sp. and the nematode Diplolaimella chitwoodi were, at most sampling periods, not significantly affected by small-scale, daily disturbances. However, populations of the epibenthic harpacticoid copepod Tisbe holothuriae became disproportionately abundant in disturbed cultures.Bacterial numbers, growth rates and doubling times were affected little by the presence of meiofauna. The response of zooflagellates was not clear; populations of the ciliate Aspidisca sp. were, at most sampling intervals, significantly …

Nitrogen Storage And Use Of Biochemical Indices To Assess Nitrogen Deficiency And Growth Rate In Natural Plankton Populations, Q. Dortch, J. R. Clayton Jr., S. S. Thoresen, J. S. Cleveland, S. L. Bressler, S. I. Ahmed

Journal of Marine Research

Various newly developed indicators of N deficiency, physiological state (approximate growth rate), and N source for growth were measured during five cruises to Dabob Bay, Washington from early spring to summer. Although nitrate and ammonium in the surface layer were depleted early in the spring, the plankton populations never became extremely N deficient, as indicated by high intracellular amino acid/protein ratios. However, growth rates, estimated from protein/DNA or RNA/DNA ratios, were usually low unless nitrate concentrations were high or had recently been high, as indicated by large intracellular nitrate pools or high nitrate reductase activities. High growth rates were observed …

Correlation Scales, Objective Mapping And A Statistical Test Of Geostrophy Over The Continental Shelf, Kenneth L. Denman, Howard J. Freeland

Journal of Marine Research

We have constructed spatial structure functions for oceanographic variables, collected during 15 cruises off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada over a 3 year period (1979–81), to determine the appropriate correlation function and unresolved noise level for objective mapping according to the Gauss-Markov theorem. The assumption of quasigeostrophic flow has been tested by comparing the longitudinal and transverse velocity shear structure functions derived from geopotential height fields with those derived from 6 current meter moorings. In addition objective maps of geopotential height imply current shears similar to the directly observed shear vectors, as would be expected under geostrophic control. Structure …

Features Of The Circulation In The Mozambique Basin In 1981, Marten L. Gründlingh

Journal of Marine Research

Several cruises of the RV Meiring Naudé in 1981 were aimed at deriving the background or average circulation in the Mozambique Basin. This information would be of direct benefit to determine the advection of isolated eddies in this area. The results reflected the existence of a strong (up to 67 × 10⁶ m³s⁻¹) but variable current in the vicinity of the Mozambique Ridge. An eddy associated with this current and situated east of the Ridge emerged as a significant feature of the survey. No evidence could be found of a consistent background flow in the …

Dynamics Of Temperature And Chlorophyll Structures Above A Seamount: An Oceanic Experiment, Amatzia Genin, George W. Boehlert

Journal of Marine Research

Three hydrographic surveys comprised of densely spaced XBT and CTD stations were conducted over Minami-kasuga Seamount, in the northwest Pacific (21°36′N, 143°38′E). A cold dome, similar to a Taylor column, was observed above the seamount top during the first survey. Uplifted isotherms penetrated to the lower euphotic zone and were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations. Vertical displacement of uplifted isotherms decayed with elevation above the seamount, so that both temperature and chlorophyll anomalies were undetectable at depths less than 80 m. Relatively high chlorophyll concentrations in a layer from 80 m to 100m depth formed a distinctive deep chlorophyll maximum …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 1985-1986, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 81, Number 13

September 1, 1985

Notes On The Type Specimens Pteranodon And Nyctosaurus (Pterosauria, Pteranodontidae) In The Yale Peabody Museum Collections, Robert Milton Schoch

Postilla

The type specimens of the nine named species of the Cretaceous pterodactyls Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus housed in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, Vertebrate Paleontology Collections are documented and lectotypes for Pteranodon occidentalis, Pteranodon ingens and Pteranodon comptus are herein designated. A thorough revision of Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus should consider all eighteen named species which have been referred to these genera and should also include specimens currently dispersed throughout numerous museums on several continents. However, preliminary to such a revision, based on the Peabody Museum Collections the following systematic suggestions can be made: 1) Pteranodon longiceps and P. …

Externalities, Heterogeneity And The Optimal Distribution Of Public Programs: Child Health Family Planning Interventions, Mark Rosenzweig, Kenneth I. Wolpin

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Yale-New Haven Special Issue : 1984 Annual Report, Yale-New Haven Hospital

Yale New Haven Hospital Annual Reports

For the year 1984. Year ending September 30, 1984.

Heterogeneity, Intrafamily Distribution And Child Health, Mark Rosenzweig, Kenneth I. Wolpin

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Studying The Impact Of Household Economic And Community Variables On Child Mortality,, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Chemiosmotic Properties Of Isolated Secretory Granules From Parotid Glands Of Normal And Isoproterenol Treated Rats, Peter Raymond Arvan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Secretory granule fractions were prepared isoosmotically from the parotid glands of normal rats and from rats that had received repeated injections of isoproterenol. These granules, purified extensively, are stable after isolation, making it possible to study biophysical parameters which may relate to their role in intracellular transport and secretion.Normal parotid granules have an internal pH of (TURN)6.8 and a low ionic permeability with respect to internal buffering capacity. By contrast, granules from the treated rats have an internal pH ranging from (TURN)7.7 in (0.3 M) sucrose media to (TURN)7.1 in (100 mM) KCl media; suggesting a large ionic permeability with …

Yale Nurse, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.

Analyzing An Agricultural Marketing Quota, Richard R. Barichello

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

A Note On Biology, Time And The Golden Rule, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

An Overview Of Agricultural Household Models: Theory, John Strauss

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Flux Measurements Across A Finger Interface At Low Values Of The Stability Ratio, Trevor J. Mcdougall, John R. Taylor

Journal of Marine Research

We present the results of laboratory experiments across a sharp finger interface using heat and salt as the properties which contribute to density. Values of the stability ratio R_p as low as 1.2 were achieved so the results approach the range of R_p which is of interest in the ocean. The buoyancy flux ratio, corrected for vertical heat conduction, R_f^* was found to depend on R_p, but at R_p = 1.2, R_f^* is still only 0.65 ± 0.1. Values of Stern's number A = βF_s(l – R_f)/ …

Effects Of Remote Annual Forcing In The Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Joel Picaut, Dennis W. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

An ocean model is used to study the effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern tropical Atlantic. The model is linear, viscid and continuously stratified. The ocean basin is an idealized version of that of the tropical Atlantic, and the wind stress forcing the model is an idealized representation of the annual variation of the equatorial trades in the western Atlantic. Solutions are represented as expansions of the baroclinic modes of the system. The response of each mode is found numerically, not by integrating the equations of motion forward in time, but at a fixed frequency (2π year^{–1 …}

Wind And Thermal Conditions Along The Equatorial Pacific, Jene-René Donguy, Alain Dessier, Gérard Eldin, Alain Morliere, Gary Meyers

Journal of Marine Research

Variability in heat storage of the equatorial Pacific Ocean during El Nino Southern Oscillation episodes is analyzed from subsurface temperature observations in order to show how the patterns of heat content are related to changes in the Walker Circulation. Large-scale zonal gradients in depth of the thermocline (and dynamic height) are largely in equilibrium with local zonal wind stress. Depth of the thermocline is positively correlated with mixed layer heat content and sea-surface temperature in the central Pacific during a minor El Nino/Southern Oscillation episode in 1969, indicating that the oceanic dynamic response to wind forcing as well as thermodynamic …

The Influence Of Seagrass Cover On Population Structure And Individual Growth Rate Of A Suspension-Feeding Bivalve, Mercenaria Mercenaria, C. H. Peterson, H. C. Summerson, P. B. Duncan

Journal of Marine Research

The average density of Mercenaria mercenaria in 216 ¼-m² samples taken in spring 1980 from an eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed in Back Sound, North Carolina, was 9.0 m^–2, more than five times the average density (1.6 m^–2) in 216 ¼-m² samples from a nearby sand flat. Size-frequency distributions differed between environments, with the sand flat containing a larger fraction of its Mercenaria in the smallest size class (0–1 cm). Use of internal growth lines to age all Mercenaria collected revealed that age-frequency distributions also differed between environments but that average Mercenaria age …

Habitat Dimensions Of Calanoid Copepods In The Western Gulf Of Mexico, James A. Cummings

Journal of Marine Research

The vertical distributions of 49 species (53 taxa) of calanoid copepods were determined in cyclonic and anticyclonic hydrographic features in the western Gulf of Mexico for three seasons of the year. The relative intensities of the features varied among seasons, while within seasons the physical structure between features was different. Since the same copepod species were present in both features for all seasons sampled, the contrasting hydrography provided a natural experiment in which to study the mechanisms, biological or physical, acting to influence species vertical distribution patterns. Hierarchial classification analysis revealed that groups of samples characterized by relatively homogeneous biotic …

Nephelometer And Current Observations At The Stie Site, Panama Basin, W. D. Gardner, J. K. B. Bishop, P. E. Biscaye

Journal of Marine Research

The LDGO-Thorndike film recording nephelometer was used in three modes (profiling, short-term tethered and long-term moored) to measure changes in particle concentrations on time scales of minutes to weeks and space scales of meters to 25 km while measurements were being made on production and settling rates of particles. Although the nepheloid layer had no large near-bottom increase suggestive of local resuspension, there was an unusually thick nepheloid layer due to resuspension and advection of sediment from the basin walls. The concentration of particles increased by a factor of 3 between 900 m and the seafloor at 3840 m, while …

Comments On "On The Determination Of Absolute Velocities In The Ocean" By M. E. Fiadeiro And G. Veronis, Lee-Lueng Fu

Journal of Marine Research

Fiadeiro and Yeronis (1982, FY hereafter) proposed a procedure that they claimed would lead to the best reference level for computing the absolute velocities in the ocean by the inverse method as described in Wunsch (1978). According to FY, the reference level obtained by the procedure is best because the correction required of the absolute velocities at this level to satisfy a set of imposed constraints is minimum among all the possible levels. However, one likes to ask whether the velocity field resulting from this choice of reference level is necessarily the best in the sense of being closest to …

Spatial And Temporal Effects Of Salinity, Temperature And Chlorophyll On The Communities Of Zooplankton In The Southeastern Bering Sea, Sharon L. Smith, Julio Vidal

Journal of Marine Research

Analyses of 402 samples collected from late March through early June in 1980 have shown that the two communities of zooplankton over the southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea are kept separate spatially by the lack of advection and frontal characteristics of the salinity distributions. The abundance of copepods over the middle shelf, between 50 and 100 m isobaths approximately, was highly correlated with seasonal warming of the surface layer, while abundances of copepods over the outer shelf and slope were not. The spring bloom of phytoplankton influenced abundances over the middle shelf more profoundly than the outer shelf; of …

Erratum In "The Importance Of The Diffusive Permeability Of Animal Burrow Linings In Determining Marine Sediment Chemistry," By R. C. Aller; Journal Of Marine Research 41(2): 299-322., Robert C. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

On page 304 The roots, am of equation (3) are correctly defined as… The an preceding the cos function was left out by mistake in the original printed version.

Ferromanganese Micronodules From The Surficial Sediments Of Georges Bank, L. J. Poppe, R. F. Commeau, J. A. Commeau, F. T. Manheim, P. J. Aruscavage

Journal of Marine Research

Ferromanganese micronodules have been found on Georges Bank, off the U.S. northeast coast, distributed throughout the surficial sediments within an area about 125 km long and at least 12 km wide. These coarse, sand-sized concretions have precipitated from metal-rich interstitial waters and contain many of the textural and structural features common to other neritic nodules. Most of the nodules have accreted around detrital grains, and X-ray powder diffraction analyses indicate the presence of geothite and vernadite (δ-MnO₂) in the ferromanganese layers. Chemical analyses of the micronodules, when compared with similar data on deep-sea manganese nodules, reveal …

The Importance Of Microalgae, Bacteria And Particulate Organic Matter In The Somatic Growth Of Hydrobia Totteni, Thomas S. Bianchi, Jeffrey S. Levinton

Journal of Marine Research

Laboratory microcosm experiments reveal that benthic microalgae (filamentous blue-green and diatoms) probably constitute the bulk of nutrition in the somatic growth of the deposit feeding mud snail Hydrobia totteni. Despite an apparent excess of nitrogen in the particulate fraction of the sediment, H. totteni grows only about 42% as much in the dark as in the light. Growth in the dark is probably explained by the utilization of filamentous blue greens and, to a lesser extent, bacteria. The additional growth in the light is probably explained by benthic diatoms, as shown in previous studies. Standing-stocks of micro-organisms (bacteria and …

Reflection Of Low-Frequency Equatorial Waves At Arbitrary Western Boundaries, Mark A. Cane, Peter R. Gent

Journal of Marine Research

Procedures are developed for calculating effects of western boundaries of arbitrary geometry on low-frequency equatorial waves. We show that the mass flux incident at the coast is all returned eastward by equatorial Kelvin waves. Short Rossby waves generated as part of the reflection serve only to redistribute mass along the coast. For the case of a uniformly sloping coast we present formulae and graphical results for the amplitude of the equatorial Kelvin wave reflected at the coast due to incident free Rossby waves. Results are shown to depend on the single parameter γω where γ is the slope of the …

Abyssal Eddy Kinetic Energy In The North Atlantic, William J. Schmitz Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Both eddy and mean fields have similar zonal and meridional scales of geographical variation in the mid-latitude North Atlantic. The first map of the North Atlantic that contained estimates of the intensity of the abyssal eddy field is now several years old, and in the interim the relevant data base has increased roughly six-fold. Contemporary charts are presented, containing these more recent observations, along with some new styles of data presentation. The basic picture of maximum abyssal eddy kinetic energy near the fully developed Gulf Stream is consistently substantiated, along with a two order or magnitude latitudinal decay (from about …