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The Effects Of The Filter-Feeding Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria On Carbon Cycling In Experimental Marine Mesocosms, Peter H. Doering, Candace A. Oviatt, John R. Kelly

Journal of Marine Research

The metabolism and the fate of ¹⁴C labelled carbon was examined in 4 outdoor mesocosm (13 m³) tanks containing both benthic and pelagic compartments. Mesocosms with (16/m²) and without the clam, Mercenaria mercenaria were compared. System production, net and gross sedimentation of particulate carbon and benthic remineralization of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were all greater in mesocosms with clams. A filtration rate model, dependent on clam size and temperature, explained between 74–114% of the increased gross sedimentation in clam tanks relative to controls.The higher production in the clam tanks was at least in part due to …

The Fertility Revolution: A Review Essay, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Calmodulin From C₆ Astrocytoma Cells And Rat Cerebrum, Jay Alan Gates

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Some Physical Characteristics Of An Adenylate Cyclase-Stimulating Factor(S) Associated With Humoral Hypercalcemia Of Malignancy, John Joseph Wysolmerski

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Penetration Of Spinally Administered Opioids Into The Lumber Spinal Cord Of Cats : An Autoradiographic Study, Joe Wayne Kurosu

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Permeability Of The Posterior Lens Capsule In Vitro And In Vivo, Betty Rae Klein

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Thermohaline Forcing Of Eastern Boundary Currents: With Application To The Circulation Off The West Coast Of Australia, Julian P. Mccreary Jr., Satish R. Shetye, Pijush K. Kundu

Journal of Marine Research

The linear, viscid, continuously stratified model of McCreary (1981) is extended to allow for thermohaline forcing by a specified, longitudinally independent, surface density field ρ_s. When the ocean is unbounded and ρ_s is steady, the density field is altered throughout the water column by vertical diffusion. If ρ_s increases poleward, the resulting pressure field slopes downward toward the pole in the upper water column, and there is an associated eastward geostrophic current. This interior current forces downwelling at an eastern ocean boundary, and generates a poleward surface coastal current and an equatorward undercurrent. For realistic choices …

Effects Of California El Niño 1982-1984 On The Northern Anchovy, Paul C. Fiedler, Richard D. Methot, Roger P. Hewitt

Journal of Marine Research

El Niño caused physical and biological changes in the northern anchovy habitat off southern California. Anomalous sea surface temperatures, surface currents, mixed layer depths, and plankton biomass levels began to appear in late 1982 and persisted into 1984. Growth of juvenile and adult anchovy slowed during El Niño, probably due to reduced availability of zooplankton prey. A decrease in size-at-age in early 1983, with a recovery in late 1984, can be explained by movements of the stock and the latitudinal cline in size-at-age. Spawning range expanded in 1983 due to shifts in sea surface temperature boundaries. Early larval mortality was …

Distribution Of Dissolved Co2 In The Red Sea And Correlations With Other Geochemical Tracers, A. Papaud, A. Poisson

Journal of Marine Research

The concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Red Sea was studied using the following model:TCO₂ = TCO₂o + ΔTCO₂bio + ΔTCO₂ant. The conservative part TCO₂o was correlated with the potential temperature T. The term ΔTCO₂bio represents the exchanges with the marine biosphere and was expressed in the form aΔX + bΔY with X = O₂, NO₃, PO₄ and Y = TA, Ca. The term ΔTCO₂ant represents the excess of TCO₂ due to the penetration of human …

Enrichment Of Microbial Populations In Macroaggregates (Marine Snow) From Surface Waters Of The North Atlantic, David A. Caron, Paul G. Davis, Laurence P. Madin, John Mcn. Sieburth

Journal of Marine Research

Marine snow particles (macroscopic detrital aggregates) were collected from surface waters throughout the western North Atlantic. Counts of phototrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton, phototrophic and heterotrophic nanoplankton, and phototrophic microplankton were made by epifluorescence microscopy. A Most Probable Number culture technique also was used to estimate the density of bacterivorous protozoa. All microbial populations enumerated were highly enriched on macroaggregates relative to their densities in the surrounding water. The degree of enrichment was greater in open ocean environments because microorganisms in the surrounding water were less abundant in the open ocean than in nearshore waters, and also because microbial density on …

Predictions Of Sediment Trap Biases In Turbulent Flows: A Theoretical Analysis Based On Observations From The Literature, Cheryl Ann Butman, William D. Grant, Keith D. Stolzenbach

Journal of Marine Research

The physical variables affecting the trapping of particles in sediment collectors are grouped into a set of six dimensionless parameters, as a function of a dimensionless particle collection efficiency. Relevant laboratory calibration studies on sediment trap biases are evaluated to determine the quantitative dependence between collection efficiency and three of the parameters, trap Reynolds number, the ratio of flow speed to particle fall velocity and the ratio of trap height to mouth diameter, as well as trap geometry. We find that few of the parameters have been systematically tested in the laboratory and that trap Reynolds number-similarity for field conditions …

Seasonal Lags Between Organic Carbon Deposition And Mineralization In Marine Sediments, David T. Rudnick, Candace A. Oviatt

Journal of Marine Research

The fate of phytoplankton detritus in the muddy sediments of shallow marine ecosystems was studied by labelling the water column of a 13 m³ microcosm with radiocarbon bicarbonate from January to July. By the end of the study, more than 9% of the original inorganic label was found as organic carbon in the top 10 cm of sediment. The accumulation of labelled organic carbon in the sediment totalled 14.5 gC/m². We estimate that this amount represented 15% of daytime net primary production and roughly half of the labelled organic carbon that was deposited on the sediment. The …

Anomalous Diurnal Tidal Currents On The Yermak Plateau, Kenneth Hunkins

Journal of Marine Research

Recent observations made over the Yermak Plateau, a 100 × 200 km submarine feature northwest of Svalbard, show that ocean currents in that area are dominated by diurnal tidal currents although semidiurnal tidal displacements of the surface always exceed diurnal tidal displacements along the coast in the Arctic Ocean. Currents were recorded with meters suspended below two drifting ice stations, FRAM III in 1981 and FRAM IV in 1982, as they traveled over several weeks from a region of abyssal depths onto the western flank of the Yermak Plateau. Ice drift velocity was calculated from satellite positions and then vectorially …

A Model For The Vertical Flux Of Nitrogen In The Upper Ocean: Simulating The Alteration Of Isotopic Ratios, Mark A. Altabet, Allan R. Robinson, Leonard J. Walstad

Journal of Marine Research

An idealized, one-dimensional, constant diffusivity mathematical model for the study of the vertical flux of nitrogen in the upper-ocean is presented. We attempt to simulate observed patterns in vertical profiles for the natural abundance of ¹⁵N in particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and the concentrations of PON and NO₃⁻. The concentration of phytoplankton nitrogen (II) increased as a result of either increasing the upward flux of NO₃⁻(N) or by increasing the residence time of II. A minimum in the δ¹⁵N of phytoplankton nitrogen (δ₂) appeared near a maximum in II …

Variability Of The Ocean Surface Color Field In Central California Near-Coastal Waters As Observed In A Seasonal Analysis Of Czcs Imagery, Vittorio Barale, Ruth Wittenberg Fay

Journal of Marine Research

A time series of Coastal Zone Color Scanner images has been analyzed, on a seasonal basis, to gain a perspective on the ocean surface color field heterogeneity in central California near-coastal waters. Seasonal composite maps of the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm were derived, in the form of arithmetic means and corresponding variances, for the years 1981, 1982 and 1983. By identifying "open ocean," "transition" and "coastal" water types in the mean images, and comparing values and areal extention of each class in different periods and years, a distinct seasonality of the spatial characteristics of ocean color emerged. Analogous …

On The Amplification Of Convergences In Coastal Currents And The Formation Of "Squirts", Melvin E. Stern

Journal of Marine Research

We consider the temporal evolution of a slow downstream decrease in the velocity of a coastal current contained in the light upper layer of the ocean. The quasi-geostrophic model consists of two piecewise uniform potential vorticity regions separated horizontally by a free interface ("front") which intersects the vertical coastal wall in a "nose" region. As time increases, the slope of the front increases in this region, and the magnitude of the downstream convergence also increases, according to a nonlinear long-wave theory. At the time when this theory becomes invalid, the calculation is continued by numerical integration of the "contour dynamical" …

Evolution Of The Near-Surface Thermal Structure In The Western Indian Ocean During Fgge, 1979, Robert L. Molinari, John Swallow, John F. Festa

Journal of Marine Research

The evolution of mixed layer temperature (taken as sea-surface temperature, SST) in the western Indian Ocean north of 20S and west of 80E during the First GARP Global Experiment (FGGE), 1979 is described and modelled. The FGGE-year development in time and space of SST is compared to the appropriate climatology. FGGE events occurred in phase with climatology, but some amplitude anomalies were observed. Heat budget computations for the surface mixed layer indicate that over 25% of the region studied energy fluxes through the sea surface can account for 80% of the observed SST variance. South of the equator, 80% of …

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 1986-1987, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 82, Number 13

September 1, 1986

Immunologic Infertility And In Vitro Fertilization/Embryo Transfer (Ivf/Et) : The Clinical Significance Of Antisperm Antibodies, Stacey Lee Mandelbaum

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Anti-Glycophorin A Monoclonal Antibodies And Fab Fragments On Plasmodium Falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion In Vitro, Stephen Joel Roth

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Department Of Surgery, Yale University School Of Medicine 1986-1987, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 1986-1987.

The Internal Tide On Georges Bank, R. F. Marsden

Journal of Marine Research

Data from a section of eleven current meters oriented across-isobaths at three locations on Georges Bank were examined. On the bank, the M2 tidal currents were barotropic and were in close agreement with the Greenberg (1983) numerical model of the Gulf of Maine. On the slope, the M2 tidal current contained 70° phase shifts for 35 m changes in depth. The results from the model were used to separate currents due to the internal and surface tides. It was found that amplitude of the tidal velocities associated with the baroclinic component of the internal tide were as large as for …

Hindcasting Of Hurricane Characteristics And Observed Storm Damage On A Fringing Reef, Jamaica, West Indies, Björn Kjerfve, K. E. Magill, J. W. Porter, J. D. Woodley

Journal of Marine Research

Hurricane Allen is one of the most severe hurricanes on record and caused extensive damage throughout the Caribbean in early August 1980. Coral reefs along the north coast of Jamaica were devastated by the hurricane-induced waves. As in the case of most hurricanes, no wave measurements were made. We have computed the wind field and hindcast the deep water wave characteristics as the storm impacted the fringing reef at Discovery Bay on the north central coast of Jamaica. The deep water waves propagated into shallow water on the forereef and transformed as a result of shoaling and refraction. We found …

Early Diagenesis In Bioadvective Sediments: Relationships Between The Diagenesis Of Beryllium-7, Sediment Reworking Rates, And The Abundance Of Conveyor-Belt Deposit-Feeders, Donald L. Rice

Journal of Marine Research

Laboratory experimentation and field sampling programs were used to examine the contribution of the conveyor-belt feeding/biodeposition activity of orbiniid polychaetes, Scoloplos spp., to bioturbation in intertidal sediments of Lowes Cove, Maine. Laboratory measurements of particle reworking rates were incorporated into steady-state and transient-state diagenetic models to predict subduction velocities of marker layers in incubated cores from Lowes Cove and to predict the in situ activity-depth profile of the radionuclide Be-7 (half-life = 53.3 d), a useful, naturally-occurring tracer of rapid mixing processes.Incubated cores containing a complete macrofauna from the Cove were mixed bioadvectively with little random mixing (peak-broadening of the …

Time Scales And Structure Of Topographic Rossby Waves And Meanders In The Deep Gulf Stream, W. E. Johns, D. R. Watts

Journal of Marine Research

During July–November 1982, current and temperature records were collected from six current meters spanning the lower 2000 m of the water column on two moorings in the Gulf Stream northeast of Cape Hatteras, N.C. Frequency domain EOF analysis of the velocity cross-spectra reveals that there are two kinematically distinct wave processes present in the subinertial range, identifiable as topographic Rossby wave and meander-associated motions, which are energetically dominant at periods longer than and shorter than 14 days, respectively.Simultaneous thermocline depth measurements obtained using inverted echo sounders show that the low-frequency topographic Rossby wave motions are uncoupled with near-surface displacements of …

On The Upwelling Circulation Over The Wide Shelf Off Peru: 2. Vertical Velocities, Internal Mixing And Heat Balance, Gary Shaffer

Journal of Marine Research

An analysis is presented of the mean coastal upwelling circulation over the wide shelf off Peru based on the current and temperature profiling measurements described in Shaffer (1982). The natural coordinate conservation method (NCCM) in temperature (T) space is applied to boxes formed from stations along two lines with 60 km alongshore separation. Mean distributions in x (cross-shelf coordinate) and T are obtained for diapycnal advection and mixing. The vertical component of isopycnal flow is also calculated and found to be considerably less than vertical, diapycnal flow in this region of strong upwelling and internal mixing.Richardson numbers ( …

Seabird Affinities For Gulf Stream Frontal Eddies: Responses Of Mobile Marine Consumers To Episodic Upwelling, J. Christopher Haney

Journal of Marine Research

This study combined ship-board counts of seabirds with satellite hydrography to determine whether Gulf Stream frontal eddies influenced spatial and seasonal patterns of apex consumers on the southeastern United States continental shelf and slope. Stratified sampling indicated seabird densities at eddies were 7–15 × higher than in resident shelf and Gulf Stream water, ranging from 2.31–10.91 birds km⁻² compared to 0.15–1.51 birds km⁻² in noneddy regions. At any given time eddies covered 3–17% of the outer shelf and upper slope, yet 28–59% of total seabird numbers in this domain aggregated within areas influenced by eddies.Gulf stream eddies consist …

Assessing The Energetics And Dynamics Of The Gulf Stream At 68w From Moored Current Measurements, Melinda M. Hall

Journal of Marine Research

The energetics and dynamics of the Gulf Stream at 68W have been investigated using year-long time series of velocity and temperature throughout the water column. The major results that have emerged are as follows: (1) There is a net conversion of mean to eddy kinetic and potential energies, the barotropic mechanism being almost twice as strong as the baroclinic. These energy exchanges are dominated by what is happening in the upper 1000 m of the water column. (2) Comparison with other studies suggests that the mooring site may be characterized as a region of downstream spatial growth in eddy energy, …

The Meteorologically Driven Circulation In Mid-Chesapeake Bay, Mário E. C. Vieira

Journal of Marine Research

Utilizing 20 days of sea level elevation and current records in mid-Chesapeake Bay, the frequency structure of the meteorological forcing is investigated. For periods longer than 8 days the residual sea level inside the Bay is coupled to the coastal elevation forced by the onshore-offshore component of the wind, while at the 3–8 day scale the system was driven by the local longitudinal wind component. It is suggested, however, that the partition of energy between the longitudinal and lateral wind components may determine whether the Bay responds locally to the wind or to the coastal elevations. The 2–2.5 day sea …

On The Existence Of An Ei Niño-Type Phenomenon In The Benguela System, L. V. Shannon, A. J. Boyd, G. B. Brundrit, J. Taunton-Clark

Journal of Marine Research

Since the early 1950s, although there have been several warm and cool periods in the Benguela region off southwestern Africa, e.g. the warm event in the southern part of the system during the austral summer of 1982/83, only two events which approximate to an El Niño-type situation have occurred, viz in 1963 and in 1984. During the 1963 event temperatures 2–4°C and salinities 0.1–0.2 × 10⁻³ above normal were recorded in the upper 50 m off Namibia up to at least 150 km offshore. The pressure adjusted sea level during 1963 was on average 4 cm above the …