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Active And Passive Processes Associated With Initial Settlement And Post-Settlement Dispersal Of Suspended Meiobenthic Copepods, J. W. Fleeger, P. O. Yund, B. Sun

Journal of Marine Research

Settlement by suspended meiofaunal copepods into shallow depressions was investigated in a large, recirculating laboratory flume. Initial settlement was examined under various near-bottom flow regimes, and the interaction of flow with post-settlement behavior was investigated. Cylindrical depressions of constant depth were constructed with a range of aspect ratios (diameter and depth combinations) to mimic natural microtopographic features. Copepods were released into the flume (at nominal flows of 2, 5 and 7 cm sec⁻¹), and settlement/ distribution in the mimic pits was observed. Four experiments were conducted using a total of five species. The first tested for copepod substrate …

A Transatlantic Section At 14.5n: Meridional Volume And Heat Fluxes, Birgit Klein, Robert L. Molinari, Thomas J. Müller, Gerold Siedler

Journal of Marine Research

Two high-resolution hydrographic sections occupied during February, March 1989 in the western and eastern basins of the North Atlantic at 14.5N are combined to study the water mass structure and meridional mass and heat transports. Absolute velocities were determined using these data and an earlier section at 8N in a linear inverse analysis. Mass balance for several layers representing the main water masses in the region and a zero net divergence for the sum of geostrophic and Ekman transport between the two sections are assumed. Using the annual mean of Ekman transports (13.6 Sv, 14.5N), (15.2 Sv, 8N) based on …

Lateral Mixing Of The Mediterranean Water In The Eastern North Atlantic, M. Arhan, B. King

Journal of Marine Research

Analysis of the salinity distribution along three quasi-meridional hydrographic sections in the eastern North Atlantic shows that different mesoscale processes act to mix the Mediterranean Water with the adjacent water masses. In the region of transition with the Antarctic Intermediate Water in the south, the salt transport by the meddies seems to account for most of the observed lateral diffusive exchanges at the large scale. In the north these exchanges are contributed to by parcels of both Mediterranean Water and Subarctic Intermediate Water travelling on average in opposite directions. Also in the north but at a deeper level, transition with …

Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part I, V. M. Kamenkovich, V. A. Sheremet, A. R. Pastushkov, S. O. Belotserkovsky

Journal of Marine Research

A barotropic time-dependent model of the wind-driven currents in the subtropical region of the ocean was considered taking both nonlinearity and lateral friction into account. The boundary conditions are the impermeability at all boundaries, no-slip at the coasts and slip at the fluid boundaries. It is shown that the solution of the problem is characterized by two nondimensional parameters ε (the ratio of width of the inertial boundary layer to a basin dimension) and R (Reynolds number for the boundary layer). A series of numerical experiments is discussed with fixed ε = 0.01 and varying R to analyze the joint …

A Decadal Oscillation Due To The Coupling Between An Ocean Circulation Model And A Thermodynamic Sea-Ice Model, Sheng Zhang, Charles A. Lin, Richard J. Greatbatch

Journal of Marine Research

3-dimensional, planetary-geostrophic, ocean general circulation model is coupled to a thermodynamic sea-ice model. The thermal coupling takes account of the insulating effect of the ice. A simple approach is taken in the case of the freshwater flux by allowing this to pass through the ice, except that some is used for snow accumulation. It is then modified by salinity rejection/dilution due to freezing/melting. The model has idealized box geometry extending 60° in both latitude and longitude, with a horizontal resolution of 2° and 14 vertical levels. Annual mean surface forcings are used. The coupled system is first spun up using …

Mesoscale Distribution Of Zooplankton In The California Current In Late Spring, Observed By Optical Plankton Counter, Mark E. Huntley, Meng Zhou, Walter Nordhausen

Journal of Marine Research

A survey of zooplankton in the upper 300 m of the central California Current, from the coastal shelf to 128W and between 36.5N and 39.5N, was conducted in early June 1993 using an Optical Plankton Counter (OPC) as part of an interdisciplinary study of mesoscale ocean circulation and biological dynamics. The OPC was part of a multi-instrument package towed on an undulating vehicle (SeaSoar). Estimates of normalized size spectra and absolute abundance from OPC data compared favorably with measurements based on Bongo net catches. After processing, the standardized OPC data set provides a resolution of ≈7 km in the horizontal …

A Transcranial Doppler Study Comparing Cerebrovascular Reactivity In Patients With Acute Stroke And Transient Ischemic Attack, Norman Whitmire Jr.

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

The Rotational Orientation Of The T Cell Receptor Bound To Peptide: Mhc, Sangwook Tim Yoon

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The T cell receptor (TCR) is the multi-chained cell surface molecule that mediates the specific recognition of antigen by the T cell. The alpha and beta chains of the TCR are members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and form the antigen binding components of the TCR. Although the function of alphabeta-TCRs has been well characterized, less is known about their molecular structure. Current three-dimensional structural models of TCR are based on the similarities in primary sequence between the TCR with immunoglobulin genes. Models of the ternary structure of the TCR and MHC complex have also been proposed. These models, however, …

Yale University School Of Medicine, Department Of Surgery Annual Report 1995-1996, Yale School Of Medicine Department Of Surgery

Yale Department of Surgery Bulletins

Annual report for 1995-1996

Isopycnal Mixing And The Veronis Effect In An Ocean General Circulation Model, William A. Gough, Charles A. Lin

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we have run a number of numerical simulations to examine the ‘Veronis effect’ in an ocean general circulation model. This effect is characterized by anomalous interior downwelling, east of the western boundary current of an ocean basin. The impact of varying the horizontal diffusivity and the use of an isopycnal mixing parameterization are examined. Several diagnostics are used. The net volume transport for a sector in the southern part of the domain, east of the western boundary is found to be the clearest indicator of the strength of the Veronis effect. This effect is found to depend …

Fe, Zn, Mn And N Transfer Between Size Classes In A Coastal Phytoplankton Community: Trace Metal And Major Nutrient Recycling Compared, D. A. Hutchins, K. W. Bruland

Journal of Marine Research

Experiments were performed to investigate transfer of ⁵⁹Fe, ⁶⁵Zn, ⁵⁴Mn, and ¹⁵N from labeled cyanobacteria to the large (>8 μm or >5 μm) phytoplankton size class from Monterey Bay, California. Transfer of metal isotope activity was measured from and into total (for all isotopes) and intracellular (⁵⁹Fe only) pools. Results demonstrated rapid and efficient transfer of nitrogen to the large phytoplankton size class; intracellular ⁵⁹Fe was transferred into the intracellular and total pools of the >8 μm phytoplankton size class 70% and 130% as efficiently as nitrogen, respectively. ⁶⁵Zn and ^{54 …}

Eddy Statistics In The South Atlantic As Derived From Drifters Drogued At 100, H. Schäfer, W. Krauss

Journal of Marine Research

More than 130 satellite-tracked buoys drogued at 100 m depth have been deployed by us in the South Atlantic during the years 1990–1993 in an ongoing program. After eliminating those portions of the trajectories for which the drogue was off, Lagrangian eddy statistics are computed and compared to the results of a similar data set in the North Atlantic and to previous results for the South Atlantic. Regarding the relations based on Taylor's theory, no significant differences can be seen between the North and South Atlantic. The Lagrangian integral time scale is inversely proportional to the r.m.s.-velocity which implies that …

Analysis Of The Barotropic Model Of The Subtropical Gyre In The Ocean For Finite Reynolds Numbers. Part Ii., V. A. Sheremet, V. M. Kamenkovich, A. R. Pastushkov

Journal of Marine Research

This paper is a continuation of Part I of the suggested study of the barotropic model of the subtropical gyre for finite Reynolds numbers. The statement of the problem, the motivation of the analysis, and the description of the general properties of the solution are presented in Part I (Kamenkovich et al., 1995). Here, in Part II of the study, the detailed investigations of the peculiarities of the solution are offered. The most striking feature of the solution is the formation of a recirculation gyre in the northwest corner of the basin. To study the gyre structure for various …

On Geostrophic Adjustment Of A Two-Layer, Uniformly Rotating Fluid In The Presence Of A Step Escarpment, A. J. Willmott, E. R. Johnson

Journal of Marine Research

This paper addresses the Rossby adjustment problem for an inviscid uniformly rotating two-layer fluid in the presence of a step escarpment of infinite length. The problem can be solved analytically for the case when the ratio of the step height to the average depth of the lower layer is small. In this case two well-separated adjustment time scales emerge; the rapid, inertial and the slow, topographic vortex-stretching time scales. The fluid is assumed to be at rest initially with imposed step discontinuities in the free surface and interfacial displacements oriented perpendicular to the escarpment. A two time-scale approach shows that …

A Technique For The Determination Of Surface Heat And Freshwater Fluxes From Hydrographic Observations, Using An Approximate Adjoint Ocean Circulation Model, Andreas Schiller, Jürgen Willebrand

Journal of Marine Research

A technique to determine the large-scale time-averaged ocean circulation from hydrographic observations and surface flux estimates is described. It is based on an inversion of the Bryan-Cox ocean general circulation model. We have constructed an approximate adjoint to that model which is computationally simpler and more economic than the exact adjoint. The optimization algorithm, although not optimal in a statistical sense, allows calculation of all state variables such that they are consistent with the equilibrium dynamics of the circulation model and agree as closely as possible with the observed data. To verify the technique, we have performed identical twin experiments …

Decay Of Plant Detritus In Organic-Poor Marine Sediment: Production Rates And Stoichiometry Of Dissolved C And N Compounds, Erik Kristensen, Kim Hansen

Journal of Marine Research

Initial rates (30–60 days) and C:N stoichiometry of decomposition were examined in an organic-poor sediment (0.5% LOI) amended with fresh and dried yeast (Y) and Ruppia maritima (R) detritus by the use of “open system” core incubations and “closed system” jar incubations. High organic additions (0.5% dw) inhibited anaerobic carbon mineralization (i.e. sulfate reduction) and stimulated DOC production and nitrogen mineralization 3(R) to 15(Y) times (i.e. hydrolysis and fermentation). This indicated that carbon and nitrogen mineralization in the highly amended anaerobic sediments were uncoupled. Low organic additions (0.08% dw), on the other …

Effects Of Adoptive Transfer Of Osp A-Specific Th2 T Cells On The Evolution Of Lyme Borreliosis In Mice, Paul H. Lee

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Yale Nurse, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Alumni Newsletters and Magazines

No abstract provided.

Nota Bene; Volume Viii, Number Iii, Yale University Library

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Fall 1994- Summer 1996, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This volume contains Yale medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.29 (Fall 1994) through v.30 (Summer 1996). Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Digitized with funding from the Arcadia fund, 2017.

Human Capital And Economic Development, T. Paul Schultz

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

Emergence Of Fofonoff States In Inviscid And Viscous Ocean Circulation Models, Jian Wang, Geoffrey K. Vallis

Journal of Marine Research

Numerical experiments are performed to directly test the emergence of the Fofonoff solution in an inviscid closed barotropic domain, and to explore its significance to the weakly dissipative system. The Fofonoff solution, characterized by a linear relationship between absolute vorticity and streamfunction, is generally realized as the time mean state of inviscid simulations over a fairly broad parameter range of varying (β-plane) Rossby number and resolution, in different geometrical domains, and with and without topography. The relevance of the Fofonoff solution to the viscous, decaying system is examined by numerical experiments with two different forms of viscosity, namely, biharmonic and …

Effects Of Finite Scales Of Turbulence On Dispersion Estimates, Enrico Zambianchi, Annalisa Griffa

Journal of Marine Research

The eddy-diffusion parameterization of turbulent transport is based on the assumption, often questionable for geophysical flows, of infinitesimal scales of turbulence. In this paper we quantitatively compute what are the consequences of this assumption on the estimates of dispersion for some simple flows with oceanographical scales. We compare the analytical results of two different models, one with infinitesimal turbulent time scale (corresponding to a model with eddy-diffusion) and the other with finite scale T. The difference between the two model results normalized with respect to the estimate of the eddy-diffusion model, called Δ, is computed and it is used …

Bottom Water Variability In The Samoa Passage, Gregory C. Johnson, Daniel L. Rudnick, Bruce A. Taft

Journal of Marine Research

The Samoa Passage (near 10S, 170W) is the channel through which the coldest, saltiest, densest bottom water approaches the North Pacific Ocean from its southern source. Over the past 25 years, three hydrographic sections have been made across the passage. A section occupied in 1968 shows little sign of modified North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) within the northward flowing Lower Circumpolar Water (LCPW). In contrast, a section occupied in 1987 shows a strong negative curvature in -S (potential temperature-salinity) and a local maximum in salinity characteristic of NADW. A third section occupied in 1992 reveals a marginal NADW signature. …

Modelling The Effect Of Physical Variability On The Midwater Chlorophyll Maximum, Jonathan Sharples, Paul Tett

Journal of Marine Research

A coupled model, employing turbulence closure physics and cell-quota threshold limitation biology, has been used to simulate the evolution of the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in a seasonally stratified shelf sea. Predictions are compared with observations from the North Sea. Variations in surface wind stress, which episodically weaken the thermocline barrier to nutrient input to the photic zone, are shown to make an important contribution to the formation of a midwater chlorophyll maximum in Summer.

The Sedimentary Mn Cycle In Long Island Sound: Its Role As Intermediate Oxidant And The Influence Of Bioturbation, O2,And Corg Flux On Diagenetic Reaction Balances, Robert C. Aller

Journal of Marine Research

The potential importance of sedimentary Mn as a secondary oxidant and redox intermediate between O₂ and C_org is often discounted in nearshore sediments. Study of the Mn cycle at 19 stations in Long Island Sound (LIS) demonstrates that sedimentary Mn can be a significant redox intermediate, accounting in many cases for 30–50% of the benthic O₂ flux (annual mean ≈40 ± 35%). At some sites and times, the import of solid oxidant as Mn in suspended matter is also apparently greater than the dissolved O₂ flux to the bottom. The relative importance of the Mn cycle …

Photochemical Iron Reduction And Iron Bioavailability In Seawater, William L. Miller, Dana Kester

Journal of Marine Research

Photochemical redox cycling of iron in natural seawater may affect the availability of iron to phytoplankton for cellular growth. Fe(III) colloids that support only limited phytoplankton growth were added to coastal seawater at pH8 and exposed to simulated solar irradiation for varied time intervals. Photo-production of Fe(II) in the seawater samples was measured during each irradiation. Following irradiation, the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, was inoculated into each treatment and cell densities were monitored in batch cultures over the next ten days. Increases in steady state concentrations of Fe(II) were observed during irradiation and subsequent elevated phytoplankton growth was observed …

Wind-Driven Secondary Circulation In Ocean Mesoscale, Dong-Kyu Lee, Peter Niiler, Alex Warn-Varnas, Steve Piacsek

Journal of Marine Research

A two-dimensional, numerical circulation model is used to study the response of a stratified, f-plane ocean current to wind stress forcing at the surface. Nonhydrostatic, primitive equations are integrated on a 3 m vertical and 400 m horizontal grid in a periodic domain perpendicular to the ocean current. Initially, a geostrophically balanced current [V_i(x, z)] with a maximum Rossby number of 0.16–0.8 is maintained against horizontal and vertical diffusion by a body force. A spatially uniform wind is applied along and across this jet. A secondary circulation is created as a result of the …

Spring And Winter Water Mass Composition In The Brazil-Malvinas Confluence, Keitapu Maamaatuaiahutapu, Véronique C. Garçon, Christine Provost, Mostefa Boulahdid, Alejandro A. Bianchi

Journal of Marine Research

Hydrographic data of the Confluence 1 cruise collected during austral spring (November 1988) have been analyzed to estimate relative mixing proportions of the various water masses of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence region using a multiparameter analysis. Seven source water types (SWT) are identified in this region, and all are retained for the analysis: Thermocline Water (TW), Subantarctic Surface Water (SASW), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) and Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). Tracers selected are temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and nutrients. Mixing proportions are quantified and plotted along …

Contrasting Effects Of Substrate Mobility On Infaunal Assemblages Inhabiting Two High-Energy Settings On Fieberling Guyot, Lisa A. Levin, Elana L. Leithold, Thomas F. Gross, Cynthia L. Huggett, Claudio Dibacco

Journal of Marine Research

The influence of seamount-intensified flows on the structure of infaunal assemblages was examined at two sand-covered sites located 2.3 km apart atop the summit plain of Fieberling Guyot (32°27.6′N 127° 48.0′W). Both sites experience strong, tidal bottom currents with flows exceeding 20 cm/s on a daily basis (4 mab). Estimates of shear velocity (u_*) did not differ significantly between the two sites. However, differences in sediment composition and density produced different sediment transport regimes at the two sites. At Sea Pen Rim (SPR), located on the NW perimeter (635 m), sedimentary particles were composed primarily of basaltic …