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Excitation Of Sst Anomalies In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific By Oceanic Optimal Perturbations, Florian Sévellec, Alexey V. Fedorov Jan 2010

Excitation Of Sst Anomalies In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific By Oceanic Optimal Perturbations, Florian Sévellec, Alexey V. Fedorov

Journal of Marine Research

A generalized stability analysis is used to explore the excitation of sea-surface temperature anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific by optimal initial perturbations in temperature and salinity within an ocean general circulation model. We find perturbations that can efficiently modify the SST of the Nino3 region with an approximately 9-month delay. The time interval between the end of March and mid-April is particularly favorable for these perturbations to cause subsequent changes in the eastern equatorial Pacific. This sensitivity is related to two critical factors: during the boreal spring Equinox the heat content of the western equatorial Pacific reaches its seasonal …

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Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 2: Implications For Nonlocal Parameterization Of Vertical Fluxes In The Surface Boundary Layers, R. Inoue, R. R. Harcourt, M. C. Gregg Jan 2010

Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 2: Implications For Nonlocal Parameterization Of Vertical Fluxes In The Surface Boundary Layers, R. Inoue, R. R. Harcourt, M. C. Gregg

Journal of Marine Research

The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget of the surface mixed layer is evaluated at wintertime stations occupied in the vicinity of the strong Gulf Stream (GS) jet. The nonlocal K-profile parameterization (KPP) of vertical fluxes is combined with observed hydrography and meteorology to diagnose TKE production. This KPP-based production is averaged over the surface mixed layer and compared with corresponding averages of observed TKE dissipation rate from microstructure measurements, under assumptions of a homogeneous steady-state balance for the layer-averaged TKE budget. The KPP-based TKE production estimates exceed the mean observed boundary layer dissipation rates at occupied stations by up to …

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Landscape And Smaller-Scale Effects Of Lugworm (Arenicola Marina) Deposit Feeding On Benthic Bacterial Assemblages, Craig J. Plante Jan 2010

Landscape And Smaller-Scale Effects Of Lugworm (Arenicola Marina) Deposit Feeding On Benthic Bacterial Assemblages, Craig J. Plante

Journal of Marine Research

Objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether feeding by the lugworm, Arenicola marina, reduces abundance or alters composition of sedimentary bacterial assemblages, (2) examine recovery of “disturbed” patches of egesta, and (3) test for effects on bacterial abundance, diversity and composition at spatial scales larger than individual fecal mounds. Field comparative studies in Lubec, Maine, were conducted to test for the effects of ingestion, and manipulative experiments were done to assess rates and mechanisms of recolonization of egesta. Bacterial assemblage attributes were followed using epifluorescence microscopy and DGGE analysis of 16S rDNA. Next we examined landscape-scale effects …

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South Atlantic Mass Transports Obtained From Subsurface Float And Hydrographic Data, Regina R. Rodrigues, Mark Wimbush, D. Randolph Watts, Lewis M. Rothstein, Michel Ollitrault Jan 2010

South Atlantic Mass Transports Obtained From Subsurface Float And Hydrographic Data, Regina R. Rodrigues, Mark Wimbush, D. Randolph Watts, Lewis M. Rothstein, Michel Ollitrault

Journal of Marine Research

Mean total (barotropic + baroclinic) mass transports of the oceanic top 1000 dbar are estimated for two regions of the South Atlantic between 18°S and 47°S. These transports are obtained by using Gravest Empirical Mode (GEM) fields calculated from historical hydrography with temperature and position data from quasi-isobaric subsurface floats deployed from 1992 through 2001. The float-GEM-estimated total mass transports reveal a Brazil Current with a southward flow of 20.9 Sv at 30°S and 46 Sv at 35°S (1 Sverdrup, Sv = 106 m3 s–1). Two recirculation cells are identified in the southwest corner of the …

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To The Oceanographic Community, George Veronis Jan 2010

To The Oceanographic Community, George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

I became Editor of the Journal of Marine Research in January of 1973 and resigned with the November, 2009 issue; although, in fact, Ken Brink essentially took over the task during the summer of 2009, when I ended up in the hospital for a period of six-months. As of this issue (Volume 68, Number 1), Ken becomes the official Editor.

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The Relation Between The Duration And Shape Of Internal Wave Groups, S. A. Thorpe Jan 2010

The Relation Between The Duration And Shape Of Internal Wave Groups, S. A. Thorpe

Journal of Marine Research

This paper discusses the effect of the shape of internal wave groups on their “duration” or “lifetime”—how long they retain their form before their component waves disperse. The methodology devised by Smith and Brulefert (2010) to study the dispersion of surface wave groups is extended to examine the dispersion of internal wave groups. To provide tangible examples, it is supposed that wave groups of ellipsoidal shape, symmetrical about a vertical plane, are generated in a uniformly stratified thermocline by moving periodic disturbances perturbing the base of an overlying mixed layer. The dispersion relation for internal waves is used to determine …

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Topographic Rectification In A Forced, Dissipative, Barotropic Ocean, K. H. Brink Jan 2010

Topographic Rectification In A Forced, Dissipative, Barotropic Ocean, K. H. Brink

Journal of Marine Research

Barotropic current rectification by topographic irregularities is treated for a case with bottom friction and fluctuating forcing. Geometries both with underlying shelf-slope topography and with no mean topographic slope are considered. In common with many previous studies of this sort, the resulting time-mean flow roughly follows isobaths in the direction that long topographic Rossby waves travel, but the mean flow often deviates locally from this rule. Further, as might be expected, there is an area-averaged correlation of pressure and bottom slope in the sense that would propel the mean flow. If the topographic irregularities have a length scale shorter than …

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Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 1: On The Formation Of Eighteen Degree Water, R. Inoue, M. C. Gregg, R. R. Harcourt Jan 2010

Mixing Rates Across The Gulf Stream, Part 1: On The Formation Of Eighteen Degree Water, R. Inoue, M. C. Gregg, R. R. Harcourt

Journal of Marine Research

Microstructure profiles taken in February 2007 across the Gulf Stream (GS) measured the temporal and spatial variability of the intense mixing that forms Eighteen Degree Water (EDW). Strong winds, gusting to 30 m s–1, and heat fluxes up to 1000 W m–2 produced moderate-to-strong mixing in the surface mixed layer and the entrainment zone, as well as in the thermocline. In the limit of a vertically balanced heat budget, EDW formation is driven primarily by surface heat loss to the atmosphere across a region extending O(100) km south from the GS core, where entrainment heat fluxes …

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Drifters In The Gulf Stream, G. G. Mcgrath, T. Rossby, J. T. Merrill Jan 2010

Drifters In The Gulf Stream, G. G. Mcgrath, T. Rossby, J. T. Merrill

Journal of Marine Research

In the past, the Gulf Stream has frequently been viewed as essentially a barrier between the Slope and Sargasso seas. On the other hand, surface drifters have often been observed to leave the stream to the south. To gain a better understanding of surface flow of the Gulf Stream, we used drifter trajectory data to study their drift east and patterns of loss from the current. Two sets of drifter data were used, one from the 1995–1999 Georges Bank GLOBEC program and the other from the Global Drifter Program. We also made use of atmospheric wind stress estimates from a …

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From Centennial To Millennial Oscillation Of The Thermohaline Circulation, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière Jan 2010

From Centennial To Millennial Oscillation Of The Thermohaline Circulation, Florian Sévellec, Thierry Huck, Alain Colin De Verdière

Journal of Marine Research

The freshwater flux intensity is used as the main control parameter to destabilize the ThermoHaline Circulation (THC): as it increases, the classical bifurcation scenario, thermal stable steady state, millennial oscillation and haline stable steady state are reproduced in a 2D zonally-averaged ocean model under mixed boundary conditions. Both bifurcations arise through global bifurcations leading to an infinite period of the limit cycle. Here we highlight a centennial oscillation important for the instability of the thermal phase of the millennial oscillation and which could be considered as a precursor to the collapse of the THC. It is suggested that the existence …

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Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2010, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2010

Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2010, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

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Medicine@Yale January/February 2010 Volume 6, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2010

Medicine@Yale January/February 2010 Volume 6, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine@Yale May/June 2010 Volume 6, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2010

Medicine@Yale May/June 2010 Volume 6, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Winter 2010, Yale University. School Of Medicine Jan 2010

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Winter 2010, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the Winter 2010 issue of Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v. 44, no. 2. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

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Water-Mass Transformation In The Shelf Seas, Gualtiero Badin, Richard G. Williams, Jonathan Sharples Jan 2010

Water-Mass Transformation In The Shelf Seas, Gualtiero Badin, Richard G. Williams, Jonathan Sharples

Journal of Marine Research

The rate at which water masses are transformed from one density class to another is assessed in the shelf seas using the Walin (1982) framework. For a tidal-mixing front, the transformation is estimated using air-sea density fluxes and the diapycnal mixing diagnosed from a series of one-dimensional mixed layer models running across the shelf. These transformation rates diagnosed from the air-sea fluxes and diapycnal mixing agree with volume changes diagnosed directly from the model. The transformation from air-sea fluxes reaches a maximum amplitude typically twice that provided by diffusive mixing. This framework is extended to estimate the rate at which …

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Depth-Integrated Steric Height As A Tool For Detecting Non-Sverdrup Behavior In The Global Ocean, J. Stuart Godfrey, Jeff R. Dunn Jan 2010

Depth-Integrated Steric Height As A Tool For Detecting Non-Sverdrup Behavior In The Global Ocean, J. Stuart Godfrey, Jeff R. Dunn

Journal of Marine Research

Godfrey's (1989) (referred to below as G89) calculation of the global field of annual mean Depth-Integrated Steric Height, or Sverdrup et al.'s (1942) "Transport Function," (Q) is revisited, using newer products for wind stresses, temperature and salinity. Observed Q and its wind-estimated equivalent QW are compared more extensively along eastern oceanic boundaries than in G89. Q and QW are also compared along the inner edge of the Pacific western boundary, at locations where G89 theory suggests that such a comparison is possible. A similar comparison along the western Atlantic improves after a 16 Sv correction …

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The Effect Of Iron- And Light-Limitation On Phytoplankton Communities Of Deep Chlorophyll Maxima Of The Western Pacific Ocean, Zackary I. Johnson, Ragini Shyam, Anna E. Ritchie, Cecile Mioni, Veronica P. Lance, James W. Murray, Erik R. Zinser Jan 2010

The Effect Of Iron- And Light-Limitation On Phytoplankton Communities Of Deep Chlorophyll Maxima Of The Western Pacific Ocean, Zackary I. Johnson, Ragini Shyam, Anna E. Ritchie, Cecile Mioni, Veronica P. Lance, James W. Murray, Erik R. Zinser

Journal of Marine Research

The deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) is a widespread feature in most stratified, oligotrophic waters. In addition to their well-established importance for many surface phytoplankton communities, more recent evidence suggests that iron, light or co-limitation may also be important drivers for some DCM communities. To test this hypothesis, we describe the results from six grow-out experiments, four from the Equatorial Pacific Ocean (between 150°E and 140°W), one in Western Pacific Warm Pool (9°S, 170°E) and one in the middle of the Tasman Sea (36°S). Photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and biomass response, including Chl a and phytoplankton community structure (pennate diatoms, photosynthetic eukaryotes, …

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Moored Observations Of Bottom-Intensified Motions In The Deep Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, M.-L. Timmermans, L. Rainville, L. Thomas, A. Proshutinsky Jan 2010

Moored Observations Of Bottom-Intensified Motions In The Deep Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean, M.-L. Timmermans, L. Rainville, L. Thomas, A. Proshutinsky

Journal of Marine Research

In the deep Canada Basin, below the sill depth (about 2400 m) of the Alpha-Mendeleyev Ridge, potential temperature and salinity first increase with depth, then remain uniform from about 2600 m to the bottom (approximately 3500 m). Year-long moored measurements of temperature, salinity and pressure in these deep and homogeneous bottom waters reveal significant vertical excursions with periods of about 50 days. The observed isopycnal displacements have amplitudes up to 100 m at the top boundary of the bottom layer; moored profiler measurements in the intermediate water column indicate that the amplitudes of these vertical displacements decay toward the surface …

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Sea Ice Melt And Meteoric Water Distributions In Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, And The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Matthew B. Alkire, Kelly K. Falkner, Timothy Boyd, Robie W. Macdonald Jan 2010

Sea Ice Melt And Meteoric Water Distributions In Nares Strait, Baffin Bay, And The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Matthew B. Alkire, Kelly K. Falkner, Timothy Boyd, Robie W. Macdonald

Journal of Marine Research

Sea ice melt (SIM), meteoric water (river runoff net precipitation), and Pacific seawater contributions to the upper waters of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), Nares Strait, and Baffin Bay during late summer 1997 and 2003 are estimated from salinity, δ18O, and nutrient data. Salinity-δ18O relationships within the study area suggest that the CAA inherits a net sea-ice formation (brine) signal from the Arctic Ocean. Inherited brine complicates the estimation of local contributions from sea ice melt and glacial runoff, especially where a significant component of the surface water derives from Arctic outflow. Our data are characterized …

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Investigation Of The Physicochemical Features And Mixing Of East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water: An Isopycnic Analysis Approach, Il-Nam Kim, Dong-Ha Min, Dae Hyun Kim, Tongsup Lee Jan 2010

Investigation Of The Physicochemical Features And Mixing Of East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water: An Isopycnic Analysis Approach, Il-Nam Kim, Dong-Ha Min, Dae Hyun Kim, Tongsup Lee

Journal of Marine Research

We present spatial distributions of the mixing ratio and properties of the East/Japan Sea Intermediate Water (ESIW) at its core density layer (σθ = 27.2–27.3) based on high-quality hydrographic data observed in the East/Japan Sea (EJS) during summer 1999. ESIW is defined as a source water type showing minimum salinity and maximum dissolved oxygen concentration. ESIW plays an important role in supplying dissolved oxygen and transporting anthropogenic carbon into the intermediate/deep layers in EJS. Studying the ESIW formation and distribution processes may provide insights on EJS's shallow- to mid-depth thermohaline circulation and recent ocean changes. Here, we combine the …

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Medicine@Yale July/August 2010 Volume 6, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2010

Medicine@Yale July/August 2010 Volume 6, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine At Yale Special Bicentennial Issue November 2010 Vol. Xi, No. 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2010

Medicine At Yale Special Bicentennial Issue November 2010 Vol. Xi, No. 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine@Yale December 2010 Volume 6, Issue 5, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2010

Medicine@Yale December 2010 Volume 6, Issue 5, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Measuring Lateral Heat Flux Across A Thermohaline Front: A Model And Observational Test, Barry R. Ruddick, Neil S. Oakey, Dave Hebert Jan 2010

Measuring Lateral Heat Flux Across A Thermohaline Front: A Model And Observational Test, Barry R. Ruddick, Neil S. Oakey, Dave Hebert

Journal of Marine Research

We develop and test a method to observationally estimate lateral intrusive heat flux across a front. The model combines that of Joyce (1977), in which lateral cross-frontal advection by intrusions creates vertical temperature gradients, and Osborn and Cox (1972) in which vertical mixing of those gradients creates thermal microstructure that is dissipated by molecular conduction of heat. Observations of thermal microstructure dissipation χT are then used to estimate the production by intrusions, and hence the lateral heat flux and diffusivity. This method does not depend on the precise mechanism(s) of mixing, or on the dynamical mechanisms driving the frontal …

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Carbon Finance Ii: Investing In Forests For Climate Protection, Jamie Carlson, Bryan Garcia, Claire Jahns, Eric Roberts, Katie Schindall Dec 2009

Carbon Finance Ii: Investing In Forests For Climate Protection, Jamie Carlson, Bryan Garcia, Claire Jahns, Eric Roberts, Katie Schindall

Yale School of the Environment Publications Series

Carbon Finance II: Investing in Forests for Climate Protection is a collection of lectures given during the 2008-2009 Carbon Finance Speaker Series at the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. The annual series is hosted by the Center for Business and the Environment at Yale and supported by the Emily Hall Tremaine Foundation and the Henry P. Kendall Foundation. The 2008-2009 speaker series focused on forest carbon and the opportunities and obstacles to including forests in greenhouse gas emission reduction policies, carbon markets, and cap-and-trade systems.

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Living Arrangements, Intergenerational Dynamics, And Psychological Well-Being Of Elders: An Examination Of Predictors Of Elder Depression In Retired Persons In Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, Ying Wang Nov 2009

Living Arrangements, Intergenerational Dynamics, And Psychological Well-Being Of Elders: An Examination Of Predictors Of Elder Depression In Retired Persons In Yancheng, Jiangsu, China, Ying Wang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

This study explores the relationship between living arrangement and psychological wellbeing in retired elderly individuals living in Yancheng, Jiangsu (PR China). Data on mode of residence, socio-economic background, daily activities, and intergenerational dynamics were collected from 200 subjects, and their potential correlations with depression (assessed via the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Version) were analyzed. Univariate as well as logistic regression confirmed mode of residence as a significant predictor of depression in this group. The following depression odds ratios associated with each mode of residence were derived via logistic regression: 1) nuclear household, i.e. living with a spouse only - 1 …

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Copy Number Variant Analysis Of Patients With Malformations Of Cortical Development, Luis Kolb Nov 2009

Copy Number Variant Analysis Of Patients With Malformations Of Cortical Development, Luis Kolb

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Copy Number Variants (CNVs) are DNA fragment that are approximately 1 kilobase (kb) to several megabases for which copy-number differences have been revealed by comparison of two or more genomes. The Human Genome project has led to the identification of close to 1500 of these variable regions covering 12% of the human genome. Even though many of these variants are considered to be benign, some of these genomic rearrangement have been found to be disease causing, including several nervous system disorders such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Williams-Beuren Syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome. In this study we have performed copy number variant analysis on …

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Thinking Outside The Black Box: Current Policies And Problems With The Fda's Highest Drug Safety Warning, Kylene Halloran Nov 2009

Thinking Outside The Black Box: Current Policies And Problems With The Fda's Highest Drug Safety Warning, Kylene Halloran

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Based on data collected from clinical trials and post-approval surveillance systems, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issues warnings to communicate increasingly dangerous and/ or preventable risks to doctors and their patients. The black box warning, the highest of all warnings issued by the FDA, emphasizes risks the FDA has deemed are critical to safe use of the drug. The warning has numerous implications for the pharmaceutical companies and physicians. The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the infrastructure of the adverse effect detection system, the effects of the Food and Drug Amendments Act (FDAAA) of 2007, and the …

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The Cost-Effectiveness Of Alternative Hiv Intervention Portfolios In South Africa, Robert Stavert Nov 2009

The Cost-Effectiveness Of Alternative Hiv Intervention Portfolios In South Africa, Robert Stavert

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The Cost-effectiveness of Alternative HIV Intervention Portfolios in South Africa. Robert Stavert and Elisa Long (Sponsored by David Paltiel). Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, Ct. A dynamic compartmental model was instantiated with recent epidemiological data from South Africa to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different portfolios of interventions to prevent HIV infection over a twenty year time horizon. We hypothesized that portfolios which combined scaling up the delivery of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), increasing availability of HIV screening and counseling, and establishing widespread circumcision campaigns would be the most effective …

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Disease Predilection And Molecular Heterogeneity Of The Murine Aorta Are Intrinsic To The Vessel Wall, Sheng-Fu Lo Nov 2009

Disease Predilection And Molecular Heterogeneity Of The Murine Aorta Are Intrinsic To The Vessel Wall, Sheng-Fu Lo

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis or aneurysmal disease preferentially affect different parts of the arterial system. Despite this heterogeneous pattern of disease within the arterial system, the contribution of different smooth muscle cell phenotypes to this pattern has not been well studied. We investigated aortic disease susceptibility and epigenetic differences within different regions of the murine aorta. Quantitative analyses showed more numerous atherosclerotic plaques and larger aneurysms in the ascending aorta compared to the descending thoracic aorta in apoE-/- and fbn1C1039G/+ mice, respectively. Interferon-γ and transforming growth factor-β responses, characteristic of these disease processes, were greater in the ascending vs. …

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