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Medicine@Yale March/April 2011 Volume 7, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2011

Medicine@Yale March/April 2011 Volume 7, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine@Yale May/June 2011 Volume 7, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2011

Medicine@Yale May/June 2011 Volume 7, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine@Yale July/August 2011 Volume 7, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2011

Medicine@Yale July/August 2011 Volume 7, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Medicine@Yale September/October 2011 Volume 7, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2011

Medicine@Yale September/October 2011 Volume 7, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

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Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2011, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications Jan 2011

Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2011, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

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Yul Annual Report; 2010-2011, Yale University Library Jan 2011

Yul Annual Report; 2010-2011, Yale University Library

Yale University Library Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

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Understanding The Development Of Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels, Rajendra Fernando Sawh Martinez Jan 2011

Understanding The Development Of Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels, Rajendra Fernando Sawh Martinez

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. In the United States alone, the American Heart Association estimates the cost of treating CVD in 2009 to be $475.3 billion. Suitable autologous blood vessels are often scarce, especially for patients who require multiple procedures. There is a global demand for improved, biocompatible vascular conduits to address these shortcomings. Biodegradable tubular scaffolds are currently being evaluated as vascular grafts in the surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease. Seeding scaffolds with bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMCs) prior to implantation has been shown to significantly improve outcomes. However, the role these cells …

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Variational Assimilation Of Glider Data In Monterey Bay, Chudong Pan, Max Yaremchuk, Dmitri Nechaev, Hans Ngodock Jan 2011

Variational Assimilation Of Glider Data In Monterey Bay, Chudong Pan, Max Yaremchuk, Dmitri Nechaev, Hans Ngodock

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature and salinity profiles observed by gliders in the Monterey Bay in August 2003 are assimilated into NCOM model in the framework of a 3dVar scheme with a hybrid background error covariance (BEC) representation. The model performance is validated against independent mooring observations for the assimilation runs with 1-hour analysis cycle. In the first experiment the background error statistics was estimated using the ensemble of model states spanning the entire observation period, whereas in the second experiment the BEC information was acquired by averaging over the 3day floating temporal window (FTW) centered at the analysis time. It is found that …

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A Tribute To Melvin E. Stern (1929–2010), George Veronis Jan 2011

A Tribute To Melvin E. Stern (1929–2010), George Veronis

Journal of Marine Research

Melvin Stern was a brilliant theoretician who introduced a number of innovative ideas in oceanography. These include his (a) penetrating introduction of double diffusive processes, (b) introduction of MODONS, the important, small scale, coherent features in the ocean, (c) incisive studies of rotating hydraulics, (d) investigation into bores, jumps and boundary flows, (e) analyses of the role of vortices in ocean dynamics, and (f) frequent contributions to instabilities in the ocean. He tended to think very intuitively, not unlike Henry Stommel. When he introduced a new idea, he accompanied it with a very thorough analysis. Generally speaking, he communicated most …

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Natural Disasters In A Two-Sector Model Of Endogenous Growth, Ryo Horii, Masako Ikefuji Nov 2010

Natural Disasters In A Two-Sector Model Of Endogenous Growth, Ryo Horii, Masako Ikefuji

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Economy Of Iceland 2010, Seðlabanki Íslands/Central Bank Of Iceland Oct 2010

Economy Of Iceland 2010, Seðlabanki Íslands/Central Bank Of Iceland

Documents

No abstract provided.

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The Historical Fertility Transition: A Guide For Economists, Timothy W. Guinnane Oct 2010

The Historical Fertility Transition: A Guide For Economists, Timothy W. Guinnane

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Impact Of Seasonality And Food Security On Growth And Morbidity In Children Under 2 Years In Rural Honduras, Jacqueline Wilson Sep 2010

Impact Of Seasonality And Food Security On Growth And Morbidity In Children Under 2 Years In Rural Honduras, Jacqueline Wilson

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Child malnutrition remains a significant problem worldwide with children under two years of age at particular risk. Even mild to moderate child undernutrition in food insecure households has been associated with poor growth, increased rates of infection and poor development. Rural Honduras undergoes a rainy and a dry season each year. Households rely on subsistence agriculture and as the dry season progresses, they have fewer food reserves and limited cash resources. It is anticipated that this will lead not only to decreased measures of food security, but also that children in food secure households will have higher rates of growth …

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Ethical Considerations In Access To Experimental Drugs For Treatment Use, Sonja Rakowski Sep 2010

Ethical Considerations In Access To Experimental Drugs For Treatment Use, Sonja Rakowski

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Do dying patients have a moral claim to access experimental drugs when all else has failed? This question has been the focus of an active and evolving debate concerning the rights of terminally ill patients, the nature of the drug development process, and the scope of federal regulation, with supporters arguing that seriously ill patients should be able to decide for themselves whether and when to attempt experimental therapies and opponents arguing that the resulting state of affairs would be disastrous for patient safety and for the integrity of the drug development process. This thesis concerns the ethical considerations surrounding …

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Measuring Venous Oxygen Saturation Using The Photoplethysmograph Waveform, Zachary Walton Sep 2010

Measuring Venous Oxygen Saturation Using The Photoplethysmograph Waveform, Zachary Walton

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The pulse oximeter measures the arterial oxygen saturation. It accomplishes this through the use of the photoplethysmograph waveform (PPG) at two or more wavelengths. It has been recognized for some time that the movement of venous blood can be detected using the PPG. We hypothesize that the PPG waveform, obtained non-invasively by modern pulse oximeters, can be analyzed via digital signal processing to infer the venous oxygen saturation. Fundamental to the successful isolation of the venous saturation is the identification of PPG characteristics that are unique to the peripheral venous system. Two such characteristics have been identified. First, the peripheral …

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Macrophage Integrin-Mediated, Hur-Dependent Angiogenic Factor Gene Expression, Yasha Modi Sep 2010

Macrophage Integrin-Mediated, Hur-Dependent Angiogenic Factor Gene Expression, Yasha Modi

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Activated macrophages, via the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors, modulate the angiogenic response to inflammation. Several of these factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are encoded by inherently unstable mRNA transcripts containing AU-rich elements (AREs) in their 3' untranslated region. During stress events, the half-lives of these mRNAs must be prolonged to allow for significant protein production and an adequate angiogenic response. This laboratory has demonstrated that engagement of the β-integrin receptor, LFA-1, leads to stabilization of ARE-bearing mRNAs in T lymphocytes through a nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of the RNA-binding protein, HuR. Here, we address whether β-integrin engagement stabilizes VEGF mRNA …

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Human Tissue Engineered Small Diameter Blood Vessels, Melissa Suen Arief Sep 2010

Human Tissue Engineered Small Diameter Blood Vessels, Melissa Suen Arief

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The engineering of human vascular grafts is an intense area of study since there is crucial need for alternatives to native vein or artery for vascular surgery. This current study sought to prove that a tissue engineered blood vessel (TEBV) 1mm in diameter could be developed from human smooth muscle cells and that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) could be cultured and used to endothelialize these grafts. This project had four specific aims: the isolation and characterization of EPCs, the seeding of a novel scaffold with EPCs and exposure to physiologic shear stress in vitro, the development of TEBV from human …

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Assessing Plasticity : The Populations Responsible For The Epithelial Engraftment On Marrow-Derived Cells, Justin Brent Cohen Sep 2010

Assessing Plasticity : The Populations Responsible For The Epithelial Engraftment On Marrow-Derived Cells, Justin Brent Cohen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) have significant plasticity allowing them to give rise to various non-hematopoietic cell types including epithelial cells of the lung, liver, gut, and skin. These findings offer tremendous possibilities for the use of cell therapy to treat tissue injury and disease. However, the specific populations of cells responsible for this phenomenon are still unclear with considerable controversy over the mechanism of this transformation. In this study, we sought to compare the epithelial engraftment ability of two populations enriched for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), specifically the fractionated, lineage-depleted, and homed subset (FLH) and the lineage-Sca-1+c-Kit+ sorted population (LSK), …

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Hydronephrosis Predicts Symptomatic Ureterolithiasis, But Does Not Predict Need For Intervention In Patients With Suspected Renal Colic, Nicholas Villalon Sep 2010

Hydronephrosis Predicts Symptomatic Ureterolithiasis, But Does Not Predict Need For Intervention In Patients With Suspected Renal Colic, Nicholas Villalon

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Computed tomography (CT) is now a first-line test for renal colic, but is costly, potentially harmful, and rarely changes patient care. Hydronephrosis is often present with symptomatic kidney stones, and is reliably determined using point-of-care ultrasound at the bedside, but it is unknown whether the presence of hydronephrosis indicates a large stone that is more likely to require intervention (6mm or greater). We hypothesized that while hydronephrosis would be associated with symptomatic ureterolithiasis, neither the presence nor the degree of hydronephrosis would accurately predict the size of urinary tract stone. This was a two-center retrospective study of randomly selected patients …

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Resting-State Hyperconnectivity Of The Anticorrelated Intrinsic Networks In Schizophrenic Patients And Their Unaffected Siblings, Yoshio A. Kaneko Sep 2010

Resting-State Hyperconnectivity Of The Anticorrelated Intrinsic Networks In Schizophrenic Patients And Their Unaffected Siblings, Yoshio A. Kaneko

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Abnormal connectivity of the intrinsic anticorrelated networks, the task-negative network (TNN) and task-positive network (TPN), is implicated in schizophrenia. Comparisons between schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings offer an opportunity to further understand illness susceptibility and pathophysiology. We hypothesized that schizophrenic patients would demonstrate hyperconnectivity in the intrinsic networks and that similar, but less pronounced, hyperconnectivity would be evident in the networks of the unaffected siblings. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from schizophrenic patients (n=25), their unaffected siblings (n=25), and healthy controls (n=25). The posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used as seed …

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Cftr From Divergent Species Respond Differently To The Channel Inhibitors Cftrinh-172, Glibenclamide, And Glyh-101, Marie Suzy Bewley Sep 2010

Cftr From Divergent Species Respond Differently To The Channel Inhibitors Cftrinh-172, Glibenclamide, And Glyh-101, Marie Suzy Bewley

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Studies of widely diverse species of a protein are a powerful tool to gain information on the structure and function of the protein. We investigated the response of human, pig, shark and killifish cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) to specific inhibitors of the channel: CFTRinh-172, GlyH-101, and glibenclamide. In several expression systems, including isolated perfusions of the rectal gland, primary cell cultures of rectal gland tubules and oocyte expression, we observed fundamental differences in the sensitivity to inhibition by these CFTR blockers. We used primarily two-electrode voltage clamping of cRNA microinjected Xenopus laevis oocytes. In oocyte studies, shark CFTR …

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Mechanisms Of Interleukin-1â Production In Chlamydia Trachomatis Infected Placental Trophoblasts, Crina Marie Boeras Sep 2010

Mechanisms Of Interleukin-1â Production In Chlamydia Trachomatis Infected Placental Trophoblasts, Crina Marie Boeras

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

MECHANISMS OF INTERLEUKIN-1â PRODUCTION IN CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTED TROPHOBLASTS. Crina M. Boeras, Vikki Abrahams, and Paula B. Kavathas. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. In a normal pregnancy the immune system plays the critical task of protecting the fetus from the constant threat posed by pathogens while limiting the effects of the mothers immune response on the fetus itself. Viral and bacterial infections can cause preterm labor and intrauterine growth restriction, and the placental trophoblasts express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to help detect invading pathogens and initiate an effective immune response. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) …

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White Matter Hyperintensity Volume As A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Zachary Andrew Corbin Sep 2010

White Matter Hyperintensity Volume As A Biomarker Of Oxidative Stress In Acute Ischemic Stroke, Zachary Andrew Corbin

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

WHITE MATTER HYPERINTENSITY VOLUME AS A BIOMARKER OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE Zachary A. Corbin, Natalia S. Rost, MGH Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Jeffrey B. Blumberg, Paul E. Milbury, Antioxidant Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; Michael K. Parides, Department of Health Evidence and Policy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; and Karen L. Furie, MGH Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (Sponsored by Walter N. Kernan, Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, …

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Antioxidant Polymorphisms And Susceptibility To Solvent- Induced Hearing Loss In Factory Workers, Robert Udell Glazier Sep 2010

Antioxidant Polymorphisms And Susceptibility To Solvent- Induced Hearing Loss In Factory Workers, Robert Udell Glazier

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Occupational exposure-related hearing loss is a significant health concern for affected workers. Organic solvent exposure has emerged as an important contributor to hearing loss. It is thought that hearing loss related to solvent and noise exposure is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The glutathione associated enzymes and the manganese superoxide dismutase enzymes (SOD2) are important components of the cochlear hair cellâs defense against oxidative stress. This study is aimed to determine whether polymorphisms within the glutathione S-transferases (GST) P1 and GSTM1, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and SOD2 are associated with hearing status in solvent exposed factory workers. Genotypes for …

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Decision Making By Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplant, Daniel Solomon Sep 2010

Decision Making By Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplant, Daniel Solomon

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Involving patients in medical decisions by acknowledging patients personal values and individual preferences has become an important goal of providing ethical medical care. Despite a general movement towards a model of shared decision-making, many patients do not fully meet their preferred role in practice. The decision whether or not to accept a kidney once it is offered to a patient awaiting transplant has historically been made predominantly by the transplant surgeon with little involvement from the patient. Because dialysis can provide long-term renal replacement, declining a kidney is a viable option. Patient changes over time and inherent heterogeneity of donor …

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Regulation Of Glut4 Glucose Transporter Trafficking, Leah Mcnally Sep 2010

Regulation Of Glut4 Glucose Transporter Trafficking, Leah Mcnally

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

REGULATION OF GLUT4 GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER TRAFFICKING. Leah McNally and Jonathan Bogan, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT. In fat and muscle cells, insulin stimulates glucose uptake by causing the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters out of intracellular membranes and to the plasma membrane. Impaired GLUT4 translocation results in insulin resistance, and contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Yet, how insulin signaling and protein trafficking pathways intersect remains poorly understood. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, data support a model in which TUG ("tether", containing a UBX domain, for GLUT4) binds GLUT4 and …

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Two Methods To Detect Clonal Populations Of Human Cells In Situ, Philip Scorza Hall Sep 2010

Two Methods To Detect Clonal Populations Of Human Cells In Situ, Philip Scorza Hall

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

TWO METHODS TO DETECT CLONAL POPULATIONS OF HUMAN CELLS IN SITU. Philip Hall, Jonathan Murphy, and Jeffrey Sklar, Department of Pathology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. A molecular assay to detect clonal populations of human cells in situ would be potentially valuable for both investigational and diagnostic purposes. Two such methods are proposed, both utilizing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The first relies upon random monoallelic expression of genes (so-called allelic exclusion), in which a subset of human genes are normally expressed at a single allele in a fixed fraction of cells within a tissue, independent of …

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Human Capital Investment And The Gender Division Of Labor In A Brawn-Based Economy, Mark M. Pitt, Mark R. Rosenzweig, Nazmul Hassan Sep 2010

Human Capital Investment And The Gender Division Of Labor In A Brawn-Based Economy, Mark M. Pitt, Mark R. Rosenzweig, Nazmul Hassan

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Induction Of Pluripotency In Human Keratinocytes Through Mrna Transfection, Robert Leone Aug 2010

Induction Of Pluripotency In Human Keratinocytes Through Mrna Transfection, Robert Leone

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

INDUCTION OF PLURIPOTENCY IN HUMAN KERATINOCYTES THROUGH mRNA TRANSFECTION. Robert D. Leone, Peter M. Rabinovich, Eugenie Cheng, Efim Golub, and Sherman M. Weissman. Department of Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are epigenetically reprogrammed somatic cells that exhibit developmental and proliferative characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Other than alterations made during the reprogramming process, iPS cells are genotypically identical to donor tissue, giving them significant potential in regenerative medicine, basic biology of genetic disease, and drug development. Presently, iPS cell derivation largely relies on the introduction of reprogramming factors (eg, OCT4, …

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The Role Of Cooperation In Pre-Tumor Progression: A Cellular Population Dynamics Model, Konstantin Krepkin Aug 2010

The Role Of Cooperation In Pre-Tumor Progression: A Cellular Population Dynamics Model, Konstantin Krepkin

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Competition among cells has long been recognized as an important part of the evolutionary process of tissue leading up to the development of cancer. However, the role of cellular cooperation in cancer has been largely ignored. In this work, we investigated the role of cooperation in early tumor progression using a mathematical and agent-based modeling approach. We hoped to learn whether cooperation between cells in spatially organized tissue has a significant role in hastening tumor development, and to uncover general principles governing such cooperation. We focused on the early stages of tumor development given the critical importance of this time …

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