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Corrigendum To “Nutrient Supply In The Southern East China Sea After Typhoon Morakot", Chin-Chang Hung, Chih-Ching Chung, Gwo-Ching Gong, Sen Jan, Yaling Tsai, Kuo-Shu Chen, Wen Chen Chou, Ming-An Lee, Yi Chang, Meng-Hsien Chen, Wen-Rong Yang, Chiung-Jung Tseng, Glen Gawarkiewicz

Journal of Marine Research

The authors regret that some errors occurred in the Figure 6 published with incorrect data in our recent article (Hung et al. 2013: 145). The corrected data are presented in the revised Figure 6 below. The conclusions drawn in the original article are still supported by the revised results, though some estimates have been corrected.

Foam Triangles, S. A. Thorpe

Journal of Marine Research

Foam patches left by waves breaking as they approach a smooth and gently sloping beach from a near-normal direction sometimes have the distinctly triangular shape that has been studied by Turner and Turner (2011). Explanations of the size of the angle at the apex of the triangles observed by Turner and Turner are suggested in terms of physical processes that determine the speed at which the point of breaking travels along a wave crest. These explanations differ from the entrainment model proposed by Turner and Turner (2011). The range of sizes of the apex angles can most likely be explained …

Instability Of An Idealized Tidal Mixing Front: Symmetric Instabilities And Frictional Effects, K. H. Brink, Deepak A. Cherian

Journal of Marine Research

Finite amplitude instability of an idealized tidal mixing front is considered for cases where there is an active symmetric instability during the early stages of evolution. This can happen either when the initial front is sharp, or when a bottom stress leads to a well-mixed bottom boundary layer under the front. In either case, there is an initial phase, several days long, of slantwise convection, after which a much more energetic and spatially distributed baroclinic or barotropic instability dominates. The presence of an initial symmetrically unstable phase has no obvious effect on the subsequent eddy evolution. Bottom friction does lead …

Recycling And Burial Of Phosphorus In Sediments Of An Anoxic Fjord—The By Fjord, Western Sweden, Lena Viktorsson, Mikhail Kononets, Per Roos, Per O. J. Hall

Journal of Marine Research

Recycling and burial of sediment phosphorus were studied in the By Fjord, western Sweden, during the years 2009 to 2010 using autonomous benthic landers and sediment sampling. The By Fjord is a small fjord with a shallow sill at its narrow mouth, which limits water exchange of the fjord's basin water. The water in the basin is exchanged only every 3 to 5 years and the water below sill level is anoxic or sulfidic between water renewals. Five sites were examined in the By Fjord; three shallow sites above the sill level with oxic bottom waters and two deeper sites …

Seasonal, 2-D Sedimentary Extracellular Enzyme Activities And Controlling Processes In Great Peconic Bay, Long Island, Zhenrui Cao, Qingzhi Zhu, Robert C. Aller, Josephine Y. Aller, Stuart Waugh

Journal of Marine Research

Extracellular enzymes (EE) initiate heterotrophic remineralization by hydrolyzing high-molecularweight organic matter to substrates that are sufficiently small (approximately 600 Da) to be transported across cell membranes. An accurate understanding of EE associated remineralization processes in sedimentary deposits requires measuring patterns of extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) with minimal disturbance of natural sediment structure. In this study, two-dimensional patterns of extracellular enzyme (leucine aminopeptidase) activity in shallow-water, marine sediments from Great Peconic Bay, Long Island, New York were examined seasonally at sub-millimeter resolution by using a newly developed EE planar fluorosensor. Comparisons of spatially averaged, vertical enzyme activity profiles measured using this …

Dysmorphology And Dysfunction In The Brain And Calvarial Vault Of Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis, Joel Stanley Beckett

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Craniosynostosis is a premature pathologic fusion of one or more sutures in the calvarial vault. The six calvarial sutures are growth sites between adjacent intramembranous bones, which allow for flexibility during passage through the birth canal and accommodation for the growing brain. Premature fusion results in obvious cranial morphologic abnormality and can be associated with elevated intracranial pressure, visual dysfunction, mental retardation and various forms of subtler learning disability.

A category of disease called isolated nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) represents nearly 85% of cases. It results in prototypical skull deformities and has newly-discovered correlations with poor neuropsychologic and visual functioning. Herein …

Treatment And Outcomes Of Female Patients Who Underwent Mastectomy For Breast Cancer At Yale New Haven Hospital From 2000-2005: Examination Of Recurrence Rates, Oluwatosin Oluwafunke Onibokun

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction: Locoregional recurrence (LRR) and distant recurrence after mastectomy are very important clinical endpoints. It is well established that postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) plays an important role in the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer and in the prevention of locoregional and distant recurrence. There are also other prognostic factors such as nodal status, tumor size, and predictive factors such as hormone receptor status that are known to influence local and distant recurrence.

There are varying reports on the rates of LRR after mastectomy. This variation in published rates of LRR creates a limitation in adequately assessing risk and benefits …

Childhood Cancer In The Cinema: How The Celluloid Mirror Reflects Psychosocial Care, Jovana Pavisic

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Film is a powerful medium for sharing illness narratives, and can exert a significant influence on public medical discourse. The childhood cancer narrative has more recently emerged on the screen, and these images have yet to be analyzed. This study aims to evaluate the childhood cancer experience in commercially produced, readily available films with a character with childhood cancer, with a particular focus on psychosocial care. Twenty-nine films were reviewed, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis to identify the medical and psychosocial characteristics of the cinematic childhood cancer experience. Psychosocial support was rated on a five-point scale (0-4) based on …

The Rho-Gef Akap-Brx Is A Co-Activator Of Progesterone Receptor B In Uterine Leiomyoma Cells, Soledad Jorge

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background--Uterine leiomyomas, or fibroids, are prevalent tumors that are dependent on sex steroids for growth. Clinically, progesterone promotes fibroid growth and anti-progestins cause a durable reduction in fibroid size, yet the mechanisms underlying progesterone action are unclear. A-kinase anchoring protein 13 (AKAP-13, also known as AKAP-Brx) functions as a Rho-GEF and is over-expressed in fibroids. AKAP-Brx has been shown to activate estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors, and bind these receptors via a nuclear receptor-binding motif. However, it is not known whether AKAP-Brx also binds progesterone receptor or augments progesterone action.

Objective--The purpose of this study was to determine if AKAP-Brx affected …

Statin Inhibition Of Macrophage Integrin-Induced Rac2-Myosin Iia Interaction: An Anti-Inflammatory Effect, Kenneth E. Ike

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

STATIN INHIBITION OF MACROPHAGE INTEGRIN-INDUCED RAC2-MYOSIN IIA INTERACTION: AN ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT.

Kenneth E. Ike, Alan Morrison, and Jeffrey R. Bender. Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are pharmaceuticals that are utilized for the treatment of lipid disorders along with the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. HMG-CoA reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis, converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate. The isoprenoid products, farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), are derived from the mevalonate pathway and serve as substrates in the prenylation of 2% …

Influence Of Larval Behavior On Transport And Population Connectivity In A Realistic Simulation Of The California Current System, Patrick T. Drake, Christopher A. Edwards, Steven G. Morgan, Edward P. Dever

Journal of Marine Research

Using an implementation of the Region Ocean Modeling System, we investigate the influence of larval vertical swimming on spring dispersal for nearshore invertebrate species in the California Current System (CCS), with a focus on central California and the Bodega Bay area. Larvae are given a suite of idealized behaviors designed to reveal the importance of the surface boundary layer (SBL) to transport and settlement. Larvae remain near 5 m, 30 m, or transition between these depths using various strategies, including diel vertical migration (DVM) and ontogenetic vertical migration. Some behaviors result in modeled densities qualitatively similar to observed cross-shelf larval …

Antimicrobial Resistance To 14 Antimicrobials In Marine Coastal Waters Around Northern Ireland: Use Of The Novel Relative Resistance Index As A Marker Of Ecological Status, Peter J. A. Moore, Juluri R. Rao, B. Cherie Millar, Colin E. Goldsmith, Wilson A. Coulter, John E. Moore

Journal of Marine Research

Relatively little work has been published on the incidence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in the marine microbiological environment, which is of importance to animal (fish, mammals, birds) health, zoonotic transmission, distribution of ABR bacteria with oceanic drift, and ultimately human health. A study was performed to determine the diversity of total ABR (intrinsic and acquired resistance) in marine bacteria in shallow coastal waters surrounding Northern Ireland through the use of a novel Relative Resistance Index (RRI) as a surrogate marker for ecological change, particularly in comparing marine water in commercial versus non-commercial sites. Total antibiotic resistance was observed to varying …

Circulation And Cross-Shelf Transport In The Florida Big Bend, Austin C. Todd, Steven L. Morey, Eric P. Chassignet

Journal of Marine Research

The Florida Big Bend region in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico contains both spawning sites and nursery habitats for a variety of economically valuable marine species. One species, the gag grouper (Mycteroperca microlepis), relies on the shelf circulation to distribute larvae from shelf-break spawning grounds to coastal sea-grass nurseries each spring. Therefore, identifying the dominant circulation features and physical mechanisms that contribute to cross-shelf transport during the springtime is a necessary step in understanding the variation of the abundance of this reef fish. The mean circulation features and onshore transport pathways are investigated using a numerical ocean model …

Eddy Induced Kuroshio Intrusions Onto The Continental Shelf Of The East China Sea, Pedro Vélez-Belchí, Luca R. Centurioni, Dong-Kyu Lee, Sen Jan, Pearn P. Niiler

Journal of Marine Research

The Kuroshio is known to intrude onto the continental shelf in the southern East China Sea (ECS) northeast of Taiwan. Two types of intrusions are observed: large and small, depending on how far the Kuroshio penetrates onto the ECS continental shelf, and on the location where it crosses the shelf break. This study demonstrates that cyclonic eddies from the western Pacific induce some of these large Kuroshio intrusions. The large intrusions are identified from more than 20 years of drifter tracks archived in the Global Drifter Program historical database and from weekly and biweekly drifter deployments carried out between April …

Numerical Study Of Cold Dome Variability Induced By Typhoon Morakot (2009) Off Northeastern Taiwan, Yaling Tsai, Ching-Sheng Chern, Sen Jan, Joe Wang

Journal of Marine Research

The ocean response to the passage of Typhoon Morakot (2009) near the continental shelf of the East China Sea off northeastern Taiwan was evaluated using a numerical ocean model to clarify how the permanent upwelling feature in this region was changed during this storm event. Several studies have identified the presence of the Kuroshio subsurface water in this Cold Dome region, which results from the interactions among the monsoon, the Kuroshio and the shelf topography. This study shows how tropical cyclone Morakot's passage quickly disturbed the circulation around Taiwan and induced a short-period intrusion of the Kuroshio water onto the …

Improvement Of Asthma Control And Inflammation In Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy, Jonathan Levin

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

IMPROVEMENT OF ASTHMA CONTROL AND INFLAMMATION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING ADENOTONSILLECTOMY. Jonathan C Levin, Lisa Gagnon, David E Karas, and Geoffrey L Chupp. Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

Observational studies have suggested improvement in asthma control after adenotonsillectomy, but longitudinal studies that correlate the effect of the procedure on markers of airway inflammation with changes in asthma control are limited. We conducted a longitudinal, observational study on 130 pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy, including 66 with asthma and 64 control subjects. Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores, chitotriosidase (CHIT1) …

A Prospective Study Of Anxiety, Depression, And Behavioral Changes In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Regina Myers

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Over 90% of children with standard risk-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-ALL) will survive, but there are limited data concerning their psychological adjustment during treatment. We prospectively assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression and behavioral disturbances in children with SR-ALL during the first 12 months of therapy and identified factors associated with psychological distress. We conducted a cohort study of 159 children 2-9.99 years old with SR-ALL enrolled and treated on Children's Oncology Group study AALL0331 at 31 selected sites. The primary caregiver completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children-Second Edition, the Family Assessment Device-General Functioning, and the Coping Health Inventory for Parents …

The Role Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages In Human Skin Cancer, Nika Cyrus

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Inflammation has long been associated with tumorigenesis. Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system, whose density within tumors correlates with a worsening clinical prognosis in most types of tumors. Macrophages have been demonstrated to contribute to the initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis of tumors. We hypothesized that macrophage density and phenotype differs between squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas, two skin cancers with relatively aggressive and indolent clinical behaviors, respectively. Through immunohistochemical analysis, we determined that squamous cell carcinomas have a 5-fold higher density of macrophages than basal cell carcinomas. Tumor-associated macrophages exhibit two classic states of activation. …

Yale School Of Medicine Facts & Figures 2013-2014, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Facts & Figures – annual Yale School of Medicine numbers

Provided by the Office of Communications, the Facts and Figures brochure is produced annually as a way to provide a snapshot of key facts and data related to the School of Medicine as well as the Medical Campus. This includes enrollment data, research activity, financial summaries, and more.

Medicine@Yale May/June 2013 Volume 9, Issue 2, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Medicine@Yale November 2013 Volume 9, Issue 4, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Medicine@Yale August 2013 Volume 9, Issue 3, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Human Behavioral And Ecological Risk Factors For Lyme Disease Infection On Block Island, Rhode Island, Casey James Finch

Public Health Theses

Peridomestic exposure to infected Ixodes scapularis nymphs is considered the dominant means of infection with tick-borne pathogens in the eastern United States. Previous studies of risk of developing tick-borne infection established a positive association between the density of infected nymphs and Lyme disease cases at the population level. Studies examining the effectiveness of personal protective behaviors have not included measures of tick exposure. This study simultaneously assesses the effect of tick exposure and human behavior in Lyme disease infection risk using a longitudinal serosurvey study on Block Island, RI. Tick exposure risk at all Island properties was estimated by identifying …

Health Survey Of Households Near Shale Gas Extraction Sites, Ilya B. Slizovskiy

Public Health Theses

Abstract-- The Marcellus formation supports an advanced rate of extraction of shale-based natural gas, particularly as a result of the rapid development of directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies. The confluence of these trends has spurred public concern about potential health impacts on residents that live in proximity to the putative environmental exposures related to the extraction activities, in largely rural communities of the Marcellus region.

A cross-sectional survey of 492 persons and 580 companion / backyard animals from 180 randomly selected households in an area of active unconventional natural gas drilling was conducted. Cluster analyses were performed to identify …

Walk This Way: Predicting Postoperative And Discharge Outcomes Among Ambulatory Surgical Patients, Charles Odonkor

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Within the ambulatory surgical setting, existing risk prediction models focus predominantly on postoperative factors of nausea, vomiting, and pain, but do not uniformly specify preoperative predictors of outcomes across multiple surgical specialties. Identification of preoperative markers, specifically those that are reversible, is key to improving risk stratification and designing patient-specific clinical interventions. Recent work shows that preoperative gait speed is a promising marker of postoperative morbidity and mortality within the inpatient surgical population. However, it remains to be explored whether gait speed is sensitive enough to delineate discharge and postoperative outcomes within the ambulatory surgical population.

We sought to determine …

Gene Expression Signature As A Diagnostic Test For Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms: A Validation Study, Adam Sang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) are clinically-silent diseases that predispose individuals to life-threatening aortic dissection or rupture. If detected early, TAAs can be safely treated with elective surgery. Therefore, there is a great clinical need in screening for TAAs. However, no reliable screening programs exist, and radiographic imaging is too costly and harmful for screening entire at-risk populations. We hypothesize that a novel diagnostic blood test based on the gene-expression profiles of a previously-identified panel of 41 genes (a RNA signature) is greater than 70% sensitive in detecting TAAs. Using RNA extracted from peripheral blood cells of 40 individuals (24 TAA …

Pilot Study Of A Somatosensory Intervention To Improve Medical Adherence In Patients With Uncontrolled Hypertension, Justin M. Steinberg

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background

Essential hypertension is the most common primary diagnosis in the US, with myriad and

serious sequelae inflicting significant morbidity upon individuals and economic losses

upon society. Estimates of adherence to prescribed medication regimens range from 20%

to 60%. Because hypertension is largely asymptomatic, patients may underestimate both

the benefits of adherence and the costs of nonadherence. This novel educational

intervention seeks to encourage adherent behavior by providing patients with a conscious

manifestation of their disease severity through manipulation of pressurized balls.

Methods

Randomized controlled pilot trial of patients under treatment for hypertension with SBP

≥140mmHg or DBP ≥90mmHg at …

Targeted Sirna Directed Therapy To Increase Chemosensitivity In Drug Resistant Bladder Cancer Cells, Jerry Trejo

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Chemoresistance is a common problem encountered by patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Recent studies have investigated the mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer, particularly agents of the DNA damage repair pathway. One major player in this pathway is Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related protein (ATR), a kinase that becomes activated during nuclear damage yielding a single-stranded DNA break. Due to the fact that many traditional chemotherapeutic agents induce cytotoxicity by initiating DNA damage, ATR is an attractive target for investigating the mechanism behind multidrug resistant urothelial carcinoma.

Using two bladder cancer cell lines, MMCR (a drug-resistant cell line) and RT4 (a …

The Role Of Fibroblast Growth Factors In Cortical Regeneration After Perinatal Hypoxia: A Model For Neurological Recovery In Premature Children, Devon Marc Fagel

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Chronic perinatal hypoxia causes a significant loss of total brain volume, brain weight and cortical neuron number. These measures are completely reversed following recovery in normoxic conditions. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this plasticity are not well understood. Here, we show that hypoxia from postnatal days 3 (P3) to 10-11 causes a 30% decrease in cortical neurons and a 24% decrease in cortical volume. Excitatory neuron numbers were completely recovered one month after the insult, but the mice showed a residual deficit in GABAergic interneurons. In contrast, hypoxic mice carrying a disrupted fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (Fgfr1) gene …

Central Lymph Node Dissection In Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Population Level Analysis Of 14257 Cases, Chineme Enyioha

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

CENTRAL LYMPH NODE DISSECTION IN PATIENTS WITH PAPILLARY THYROID CANCER: A POPULATION LEVEL ANALYSIS OF 14,257 CASES. Chineme Enyioha, Sanziana Roman and Julie Ann Sosa. Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

The role of prophylactic central lymph node dissection (CLND) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer has been controversial. This study analyzes the impact of patient demographic factors and tumor size on surgery with CLND in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the U.S.

All patients >/= 18 with PTC and follicular variant-PTC, who underwent thyroidectomy with or without CLND in SEER, 2004-08, were included. …