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Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Autumn 2016, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the Autumn 2016 issue of Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v. 51, no. 1. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Nota Bene: News From The Yale Library, Amanda Patrick

Nota Bene

Nota Bene is published during the academic year to acquaint the Yale community and others with the resources of the Yale Library.

International Aspects Of Central Banking: Diplomacy And Coordination, Robert B. Kahn, Ellen E. Meade

Documents

No abstract provided.

Iron Intake In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Restless Legs Syndrome, Olivia Rojas

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Growing evidence supports an association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in children. Prior research suggests that in some patients iron deficiency is an underlying cause of pathological changes in the dopaminergic system of the brain that modulates these disorders. However, the underlying cause of such iron deficiency has not yet been identified. We propose to determine the prevalence of low serum ferritin levels, a marker of reduced iron stores, in children with comorbid ADHD and RLS, and if diet is associated with their diagnosis and observed blood iron levels. A case-control study will examine a sample …

Internal Affairs: Untold Case Studies Of World War I German Internment, Jacob L. Wasserman

Kaplan Senior Essay Prize for Use of Library Special Collections

Internment of German-Americans and Germans in the United States as the country entered World War I marked a turn in the relationship between America’s governing institutions, its citizens, and its non-citizen aliens. The power and reach of the American state inflected upwards during World War I. Internment was the most drastic facet of a new state involvement in the makeup and dynamics of communities and the liberties and perceptions of minorities. Aside from whether such an effort was justified, internment lies at a crucial point in a sustained American history of powerful state (and state-like) actors interacting with newcomers and …

Three Lectures On The Theory Of Money And Financial Institutions: Lecture 1: A Nontechnical Overview, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This is a nontechnical retrospective paper on a game theoretic approach to the theory of money and financial institutions. The stress is on process models and the reconciliation of general equilibrium with Keynes and Schumpeter’s approaches to non-equilibrium dynamics.

Three Essays On The Theory Of Money And Financial Institutions: Essay 1: A Nontechnical Overview, Martin Shubik

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This is a nontechnical retrospective paper on a game theoretic approach to the theory of money and financial institutions. The stress is on process models and the reconciliation of general equilibrium with Keynes and Schumpeter’s approaches to non-equilibrium dynamics.

Yale Medicine : Alumni Bulletin Of The School Of Medicine, Spring 2016, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the Spring 2016 issue of Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v. 50, no. 3. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965).

Developing A Typology Of Human Rights Records, Noah Geraci, Michelle Caswell

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

What makes a record a "human rights record"? What types of records fall under this umbrella term? How and why might we develop a typology of such records? What is at stake—ethically, theoretically, and practically—in the ways in which and the reasons why we define and classify records as such? This article seeks to answer these questions by delineating a typology of human rights records. First, this article will provide a literature review exploring the history of conceptions of human rights records in archival studies, as well as the ongoing discussion in information studies more broadly about the politics of …

Western North Pacific Integrated Physical-Biogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment (Inbox): Part 1.Specifications And Chronology Of The S1-Inbox Floats, Ryuichiro Inoue, Toshio Suga, Shinya Kouketsu, Toshiyuki Kita, Shigeki Hosoda, Taiyo Kobayashi, Kanako Sato, Hiroyuki Nakajima, Takeshi Kawano

Journal of Marine Research

An interdisciplinary project called the Western North Pacific Integrated Physical-Biogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment (INBOX) has been conducted since 2011. In the oligotrophic subtropics south of the Kuroshio Extension near biogeochemical mooring S1 (30° N, 145° E), 18 floats, each with a dissolved oxygen sensor, have been deployed in a 150 × 150 km square area. With the horizontal (30 km) and temporal (2 days) resolution of the data, we observed an upper ocean structure associated with mesoscale eddies and ocean responses to atmospheric forcing. The data set obtained from the S1-INBOX study was used to elucidate the impacts of physical …

Western North Pacific Integrated Physical-Biogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment (Inbox): Part 3. Mesoscale Variability Of Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Observed By Multiple Floats During S1-Inbox, Shinya Kouketsu, Ryuichiro Inoue, Toshio Suga

Journal of Marine Research

As part of the interdisciplinary project S1-INBOX (Western North Pacific Integrated Physical-Biogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment conducted around the S1 biogeochemical mooring site), we used data from more than 18 floats and a biogeochemical mooring S1 (near 30° N, 145° E) to investigate temporal and spatial changes in the shallow oxygen maximum (SOM) associated with a mesoscale cyclonic eddy. On the northern edge of the cyclonic eddy, patches (linear dimensions of 20–40 km) with relatively high oxygen concentrations were observed around the SOM. The patterns of the oxygen concentrations reflected the fact that changes of the depths of the isopycnal surfaces …

Meta-Analysis: Risk Of Tics With Psychostimulant Use In Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials, Stephanie Celeste Cohen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Clinical practice currently restricts the use of psychostimulant medications in children with tics or a family history of tics for fear that tics will develop or worsen as a side effect of treatment. Our goal was to conduct a meta-analysis to examine the risk of new onset or worsening of tics as an adverse event of psychostimulants in randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

We conducted a PubMed search to identify all double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy of psychostimulant medications in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We used a fixed effects meta-analysis with risk ratio of new onset …

Baroclinic Instability Over Topography: Unstable At Any Wave Number, Joseph Pedlosky

Journal of Marine Research

The instability of an inviscid, baroclinic vertically sheared current of uniform potential vorticity, flowing along a uniform topographic slope, becomes linearly unstable at all wave numbers if the flow is in the direction of propagation of topographic waves. The parameter region of instability in the plane of scaled topographic slope versus wave number then extends to arbitrarily large wave numbers at large slopes. The weakly nonlinear treatment of the problem reveals the existence of a nonlinear enhancement of the instability close to one of the two boundaries of this parametrically narrow unstable region. Because the domain of instability becomes exponentially …

Carbon Cycling In Santa Barbara Basin Sediments: A Modeling Study, David J. Burdige, Tomoko Komada, Cédric Magen, Jeffrey P. Chanton

Journal of Marine Research

The primary input of organic matter to almost all marine sediments comes from deposition at the sediment surface. However, in many continental margin settings, reduced carbon can also be added to sediments from below—for example, from “deep” geologic hydrocarbon reservoirs derived from ancient source rocks or from the decomposition of deeply buried gas hydrate deposits. To examine the impact of these two differing reduced carbon inputs on sediment biogeochemistry, a modified reaction-transport model for anoxic marine sediments is described here and applied to data from sediment cores in Santa Barbara Basin to a depth of 4.6 m. Excellent model fits …

Mechanisms Controlling Vertical Variability Of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maxima In A Mode-Water Eddy, Qian P. Li, Dennis A. Hansell

Journal of Marine Research

An intense subsurface chlorophyll enhancement was found repeatedly within the core of a mode-water eddy during a 2-month period. Two controls on chlorophyll concentrations in this deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layer are noted: chlorophyll concentration is controlled by nutrients at low nutrient concentrations and by light when nutrients are saturating. To synthesize these results, a simple one-dimensional nutrient-phytoplankton model is developed by including the effects of phytoplankton self-shading for light attenuation, depth-dependent phytoplankton specific loss, and density-associated nutrient fluctuation in the deep layer. The model is parameterized using eddy data including not only vertical diffusivity, sinking velocity, and chlorophyll-to-carbon ratios, …

Convective Mixing By Internal Waves In The Puerto Rico Trench, Hans Van Haren, Louis Gostiaux

Journal of Marine Research

A 2.4 km long deep-sea mooring was deployed for 14 months in the Puerto Rico Trench, the deepest part of the Atlantic Ocean. Below its top buoyancy package, the mooring line held a 200 m long string of high-resolution temperature sensors and a current meter. Over the instrumented range between 6,004 and 6,204 m, waters are very weakly stratified, with local buoyancy frequency equaling about 1.9 times the semidiurnal tidal frequency. Besides quiescent waters, the detailed observations show regular vertical turbulent overturning associated with periodic warming and driven by internal tidal and inertial waves. During such episodes, the 4-day and …

Methane Dynamics In Santa Barbara Basin (Usa) Sediments As Examined With A Reaction-Transport Model, David J. Burdige, Tomoko Komada, Cédric Magen, Jeffrey P. Chanton

Journal of Marine Research

Here we describe a new reaction-transport model that quantitatively examines δ¹³C profiles of pore-water methane and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (δ¹³C_CH4 and δ¹³C_DIC) in the anoxic sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin (California Borderland region). Best-fit solutions of the model to these data suggest that CO₂ reduction is the predominant form of methanogenesis in these sediments. These solutions also accurately reproduce the isotope depth profiles, including a broad minimum in the δ¹³C_DIC profile and a much sharper (angular) minimum in the δ¹³C_CH4 profile, both …

Western North Pacific Integrated Physical-Biogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment (Inbox): Part 2. Biogeochemical Responses To Eddies And Typhoons Revealed From The S1 Mooring And Shipboard Measurements, Ryuichiro Inoue, Makio C. Honda, Tetsuichi Fujiki, Kazuhiko Matsumoto, Shinya Kouketsu, Toshio Suga, Toshiro Saino

Journal of Marine Research

An interdisciplinary project called S1-INBOX (Western North Pacific Integrated PhysicalBiogeochemical Ocean Observation Experiment conducted around the S1 biogeochemical mooring site) was carried out during the summer of 2011 in the oligotrophic, subtropical North Pacific Ocean near biogeochemical mooring S1 (30° N, 145° E). Results from the S1 mooring during S1-INBOX revealed a large export flux at a depth of 200 m, a high chlorophyll a concentration in the deep chlorophyll maximum layer, and a high potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. These phenomena were associated with vertical uplift of isopycnal surfaces at the edge of a cyclonic eddy and a …

Residual Water Transport In The Marsdiep Tidal Inlet Inferred From Observations And A Numerical Model, Maximiliano G. Sassi, Theo Gerkema, Matias Duran-Matute, Janine J. Nauw

Journal of Marine Research

At tidal inlets, large amounts of water are exchanged with the adjacent sea during the tidal cycle. The residual flows, the net effect of ebb and flood, are generally small compared with the gross flux; they vary in magnitude and sign from one tidal period to the other; and their long-term mean varies from year to year. Here, we focus on the temporal variability of the residual flows in the Marsdiep tidal inlet, which is the western-most inlet of the Wadden Sea, a tidal lagoon along the coasts of the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark. We compare the transport from a …

Retrospective Assessment Of Treatment With T-Dm1 After Pertuzumab In Her2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer, Hannah Elizabeth Dzimitrowicz

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

T-DM1/ ado-trastuzumab emtansine, the most recent addition to the HER2-targeted therapies approved to treat HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC), is an antibody-drug conjugate with a favorable side effect profile. T-DM1 is currently approved for patients with HER2-positive MBC who previously received trastuzumab and a taxane. Since the trial resulting in T-DM1 approval was conducted, the standard first-line therapy for metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer has changed from trastuzumab and a taxane to a three-drug combination of trastuzumab and a taxane plus pertuzumab. Due to the timing of these approvals, there is no clinical trial or observational data on the activity of …

Malignancies Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Nicole Gong Jawitz

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), specifically Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, have been associated with numerous intestinal and extra- intestinal malignancies. Recent studies have suggested use of immunomodulator therapies has increased risks of malignancies, including melanoma, non-epithelial skin cancers, cervical cancer, and bladder and urinary tract cancers. The question regarding how biologic agents, which became a mainstay therapy of IBD in the early 2000s, have influenced malignancy risk among patients with IBD has yet to be definitely answered.

The aims of this study were to characterize prevalence of comorbid malignancies among hospitalized patients with IBD and how it has changed over …

Notch Drives Proliferation And Radiation Resistance Of Cancer Stem Cells In Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma, Michael T. Chang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary gland is an indolent but highly lethal neuroinvasive tumor with a propensity for radiation resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Molecular understanding of this rare tumor has been hampered by the absence of validated in vitro models and a limited number of xenografts. Therapeutic options for ACC are limited to surgery and radiation and are associated with an unacceptably low rate of cure. Cancer stem cells (CSC) are an attractive therapeutic target, and understanding their role in ACC may advance therapy. Our objectives were: 1) to establish and validate ACC cell cultures, 2) to determine …

The Effect Of Wind Direction On Cross-Shelf Transport On An Initially Stratified Inner Shelf, Rachel M. Horwitz, Steven J. Lentz

Journal of Marine Research

Cross-shelf and along-shelf wind stresses both independently have been shown to drive transport across the inner shelf. We investigate how the circulation and density fields respond to simultaneous cross- and along-shelf wind forcing using a set of model experiments on an initially stratified inner shelf. For all wind directions with a downwelling along-shelf component, the inner shelf is unstratified and the cross-shelf wind dominates transport. For wind directions with an upwelling along-shelf component, the inner shelf can be stratified and the transition from inner to midshelf occurs over a wide swath of shelf. In this transition region, the effects of …

Vorticity Dynamics Near Sharp Topographic Features, Bruno Deremble, William K. Dewar, Eric P. Chassignet

Journal of Marine Research

In ocean models, the interaction with boundaries is often parameterized as it involves small-scale processes that are usually hard to capture in a large-scale model. However, such interactions can play important roles in the model dynamics. For example, the choice of boundary conditions (free-slip vs. no-slip) has a direct impact on the vorticity (enstrophy) budget: with no-slip boundary conditions, vorticity is injected into the system, whereas with free-slip boundary conditions, there should be no vorticity injection as long as the coastline is smooth. However, we show here that at boundary singularities (e.g., corners), vorticity is injected into the domain even …

Modified Extracorporeal Photopheresis As An Immunotherapy In Murine Melanoma, Aaron Nathaniel Vassall

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy (ECP) is a widely used immunotherapy for cutaneous T cell lymphoma, as well as an immunomodulatory treatment for graft versus host disease (GVHD) and rejection of allografts. We hypothesized that ECP’s physiologic induction of large-scale monocyte-to-dendritic antigen presenting cell (APC) conversion is mechanistically responsible for both its anti-cancer effect and its tolerogenic impact in the transplant setting. To interrogate this possibility in an experimental system, we developed an ECP device that is scalable from mouse to man and tested its capacity to produce APCs that, when advantageously tuned and tumor antigen-loaded, can limit the growth of otherwise lethal …

The Cost And Burden Of Chikungunya In The Americas, Danielle Bloch

Public Health Theses

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that emerged in the Caribbean in late 2013 and proceeded to spread throughout the Americas. Acute CHIKV disease is characterized by high fever and potentially debilitating arthralgia. In a proportion of cases, serious long-term sequelae following acute disease have been reported. These conditions primarily include chronic inflammatory rheumatisms, but can also involve depression, sensorineural effects, headaches and cognitive delays following neonatal infection.

Methods: We developed data-driven computational simulation models for acute and long-term health conditions associated with CHIKV infection to estimate the economic cost and health burden of the 2013–2015 CHIKV epidemic …

Perceived Discrimination Correlates With Poor Angina Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction, Lingling Ji

Public Health Theses

Background: Perceived discrimination (PD) have been previously linked with multiple physiological and behavioral health risks. However, limited data is available on the association between PD and clinically relevant outcomes, such as the frequency and severity of angina.

Method: This thesis explores the association between PD and angina outcomes using data from the Examining Heart Attacks in Young Women (VIRGO) study, which enrolled 2,670 patients with prior acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The Detroit Area Scale and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were employed to assess perceived discrimination and angina-related outcomes, including its onset frequency and related physical limitation, treatment dissatisfaction and …

Medicine@Yale April/May 2016 Volume 12, Issue 1, Yale School Of Medicine Office Of Communications

Medicine@Yale - development newsletter

Medicine@Yale : advancing biomedical science, education and health care was a print and online newsletter which published news about academics, research and philanthropy for alumni, donors, faculty, students and the general public. It was initially published 6 times a year and then changed to a quarterly schedule. The first issue came out June/Jul. 2005. The final issue was published in May/June 2022, vol. 17, issue 1. Published by Yale School of Medicine, Office of Communications.

Adolescent Health: Parity And Nutritional Status Among Married Women What Is Unique For Adolescents And What Is Similar To Older Women?, Lindsey Hiebert

Public Health Theses

Abstract

Introduction

In Bangladesh, there is a high prevalence of child marriage, early initiation of childbirth, and high rates of undernutrition among adolescents. Pregnancy and childbirth pose unique risks for adolescents due to the intersection of reproductive and physical development.

Objective

This analysis sought to describe the relationship of parity and other reproductive exposures with nutritional outcomes for adolescents and older women ages 20-35 years, describing both the similarities and differences between the two age groups. The overall objective was to help inform improved adolescent health interventions and direct future needed research.

Methods

A secondary data analysis of the Bangladesh …

Seroprevalence And Risk Factors For Leptospirosis In An Urban Community Of Puerto Rico, Emily Ann Briskin

Public Health Theses

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Puerto Rico, but the full burden remains unknown due to underreporting and misdiagnosis as dengue fever.

Methods: A cross-sectional study paired with rodent trapping was carried out to determine the prevalence and risk factors for prior Leptospira infection in an urban community within San Juan, Puerto Rico. A mixed effect model was built to test for risk factors while controlling for grouping effects across neighborhood blocks.

Results: Among 202 human individuals enrolled, 55 (27.3%, 95% CI: 20.9-33.3%) had Leptospira agglutinating antibodies indicative of previous exposure to the bacteria. MLST …