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Social And Financial Incentives For Overcoming A Collective Action Problem, M. Mehrab Bakhtiar, Raymond Guiteras, James Levinsohn, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak

Discussion Papers

Addressing public health externalities often requires community-level collective action. Each person’s sanitation behavior can affect the health of neighbors. We report on a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted with 19,000 households in rural Bangladesh where we randomized (1) either group financial incentives or a non-financial “social recognition” reward, and (2) asking each household to make either a private pledge or a public pledge to maintain hygienic latrines. The group financial reward has the strongest impact in the short term (3 months), inducing a 7.5-12.5 percentage point increase in hygienic latrine ownership. Getting people to publicly commit to maintaining and using …

Comments On Advance Notice Of Proposed Rulemaking Regarding Resolution-Related Resource Requirements For Large Banking Organizations Of The Federal Reserve System And The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, First Republic Bank

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No abstract provided.

Re: Comment Letter On The Advance Notice Of Proposed Rulemaking On Resolution-Related Resource Requirements For Large Banking Organizations Docket No. R–1786; Rin 7100–Ag44 (Board) 3064–Af86 (Fdic), Capital One, Charles Schwab, Pnc Financial Services Group, Truist Financial, U.S. Bancorp

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No abstract provided.

Organization Of The State Council, People's Daily

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No abstract provided.

Email Correspondence Between Vincient Arnold And The Ecb, Vincient Arnold, European Central Bank (Ecb)

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No abstract provided.

Svb Q4 2022 Financial Highlights, Silicon Valley Bank

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No abstract provided.

State Council News Archive: Argentina Press Releases, 2014-2015, People's Bank Of China: The State Council

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No abstract provided.

Management Team Of The People's Bank Of China, People's Bank Of China

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No abstract provided.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Philip Lane, Rosalind Z. Wiggins, Mary Anne Chute Lynch

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No abstract provided.

Assets: Central Bank Liquidity Swaps, Federal Reserve System: Federal Reserve Bank Of St. Louis

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No abstract provided.

Polish Pm Says Adopting The Euro Would Bring Spike In Prices, The Associated Press

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No abstract provided.

Questions And Answers On Foreign Exchange Swaps, Swiss National Bank

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No abstract provided.

Information About The Snb - Questions And Answers On The Snb As A Company, Swiss National Bank

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No abstract provided.

Nepal Says It's Making Efforts To Activate Saarc, The Economic Times

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No abstract provided.

Chapter 4. System Open Market Account, Federal Reserve Board Of Governors

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No abstract provided.

Investment Company Act Of 1940, United States Congress

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No abstract provided.

Utility Of Shear Wave Elastography In Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Aishwarya Pillai

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In the United States, breast cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers in women. Early detection, often via mammography, and intervention have been shown to reduce mortality. However, not all cancers are mammographically evident in early stages, if at all. As a result, ultrasound has been increasingly used to supplement mammography for breast cancer detection and assessment, particularly in dense breasts. Recent advancements in ultrasonography include the ability to characterize the stiffness of biological tissues. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) is one such development used to quantify tissue stiffness within a region of interest.

The resistance of soft tissue to …

"Come On. I Need An Answer." A Mixed-Methods Study Of Barriers And Disparities In Diagnostic Odysseys, Zeyu Tang

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: The boom of next generation DNA sequencing over the past decade has improved our ability to provide accurate genetic diagnoses for children with previously undiagnosed diseases, in turn leading to important advances in management and prognostication. Even given this progress, two areas of ongoing need are the accurate definition of further novel genetic diseases and to make genetic expertise and diagnostics widely available to children and families who have frequently endured grueling diagnostic odysseys. The Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program (PGDP) at Yale is an advanced genomics program focusing on both these areas, enrolling over 700 patients since its inception …

Incorporating Genomic Analysis In The Clinical Practice Of Hepatology, David Hun Chung

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In the past two decades, whole-exome sequencing has been successfully demonstrated as an indispensable instrument in uncovering the genetic etiology underlying numerous types of unexplained liver disease. Characterization of these illnesses into distinct molecular disease entities has revolutionized understanding of pathophysiology and has translated into improved guidance on management, treatment and prognosis for patients. However, hepatologists have been slow to welcome the technology into their mainstream clinical practice, largely due to inadequate training in genomic medicine. There thus remains a pressing need to create various forums through which clinicians can gain better appreciation for the value of genetic analysis in …

Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases And Deworming Response In School-Aged Children In Retalhuleu, Guatemala, Rebeca Esther Vergara Greeno

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are amongst the most common diseases of poverty worldwide despite mass deworming campaigns. However, widespread use of benzimidazole anthelminthics in these campaigns has been associated with variable efficacy against three of the most common STHs, thus raising concerns regarding emerging resistance. Albendazole, in particular, has been shown to be least effective against Trichuris trichiura.

Methods: Our aim was to determine baseline prevalence and intensity of STH infections in rural school children living in Retalhuleu, Guatemala, and to evaluate the efficacy of single dose albendazole in infected children. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 557 children ages …

Integrating Spiritual Tools And Practices In Mental Health Care: A Scoping Review Of Spiritual Healing From The African Continent, Meron Girma

Public Health Theses

Western medicine typically describes traditional and spiritual healing as a homogenous healing system independent, and in many ways antagonistic to “science.” However, Western medicine fails to acknowledge the global influence of traditional and spiritual practices and its potential to strengthen current mental wellness care. For centuries, traditional and spiritual healing has served as a foundational system in many African nations, utilized to overcome challenges, pain and trauma. It is rooted in harmonious monism which reconciles the duality between mind and matter and conceptualizes the universe as interconnected and interdependent. African spiritual practices unite individuals to a community of shared values, …

Wildfires And Their Impacts On Immigrant Farmworker Women Of Childbearing Age, Rosa Gonzalez Juarez

Public Health Theses

Wildfires have been increasing in recent years due to the climate change that has been affecting the nation and across the globe. The Western part of the United States has been greatly affected, especially California. In 2022 there were 68,988 wildfires reported which consumed 7,577,183 acres nationwide, this was strikingly higher than the 10-year average (National Interagency Coordination Center Wildland Fire Summary and Statistics Annual Report 2022, 2022). The California Wildfires have been detrimental to its residents; however, they have specifically disproportionately affected the Latino population either due to the location of their homes, citizenship status or socioeconomic status (Rosenthal …

For “Them”, Not Us: A Qualitative Study Of Asian American Pacific Islander Perceptions Of Substance Use And Harm Reduction, Winnie Ho

Public Health Theses

Background: Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) substance use data is typically aggregated in a way that not only produces overly generalized results, but also potentially perpetuates stereotypes created by the Model Minority Myth (MMM). This has mutually reinforced a lack of representation and understanding of AAPI substance use experiences and needs. This presents a public health concern that is both excluding them from consideration by the field of harm reduction, but also themselves from considering harm reduction. Disaggregated data shows rising rates of substance use and associated harms that are often hidden or not taken as seriously as a public …

Developing Gradient Boosting Machine Learning Model For Predicting Headaches Among Adult Headache Patients, Hye Sun Kim

Public Health Theses

Background – Headache is one of the significant public health threats in the world. Patients often face difficulties preparing for medications before headache attacks due to their unexpected nature. A headache diary was previously employed in studies to develop a machine-learning prediction model. However, previous research used variables related to a narrow range of topics or used ensemble methods where the decision trees were not added sequentially. Therefore, this study aimed to use a gradient-boosting approach to find factors from a headache diary with a broader range of factors with strong predictive values for headache prediction.Methods – The three-month headache …

Exploring Shared And Unique Barriers To Housing Stability For Spanish Speakers In Connecticut, Gabriela Olea Vargas

Public Health Theses

Throughout the United States, rent costs and eviction increases leave low-income people of color more rent-burdened than their white counterparts; these challenges may result in further complex barriers to housing stability for Spanish speakers. In this explorative study, I examined the shared and unique barriers to housing stability for Spanish speakers in Connecticut. I conducted a rapid qualitative analysis of semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups with (N = 14) participants from three larger research projects (Right to Counsel Evaluation, Project ReSIDe, and Tenant Energy Advocacy). This study included Spanish-speaking individuals living in CT who had participated in at least …

Intersectoral Responses To Climate Change And Waterborne Diseases In The Caribbean Region: Current Actions And Pathways Forward Using The One Health Framework, Sydney A. Steel

Public Health Theses

The Caribbean exists on the frontlines of climate change, and many climate-related threats are already felt throughout the region and projected to worsen in the coming decades. A critical climate-related threat is that of waterborne diseases, as extreme weather events, sea level rise, and temperature increases are shown to contribute to potable water inaccessibility and a more favorable environment for pathogen proliferation and transmission. The complexity of this challenge calls for increased regional and inter-sectoral collaboration in both preparedness and response efforts. Countries and territories across the Caribbean are currently displaying variable yet marked interest in One Health, yet there …

Climate Change And The Built Environment For Asian Americans, Sunny Sun

Public Health Theses

Although the relationship between climate change and the built environment is well-established, much less is known about the impact of this relationship on the health of Asian Americans. This study sought to identify available literature that discussed climate change and the built environment for Asian American populations. The majority of the 125 articles screened in (94%) were about Asian Americans and the built environment. Most (49%) articles used national level datasets or included multiple geographic regions, while others primarily represented the East and West Coasts. Nearly all (80%) of articles were published between 2010 and March 2023. Of the screened …

Immigrant Mothers’ Experiences In Accessing And Utilizing Education And Health Care Services For Children With Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities: A Scoping Review, Elizabeth Izampuye

Public Health Theses

As the number of immigrants arriving in the US increases, it is necessary to understand the barriers they face in adapting to a new country to help ease their transition and improve their quality of life. One aspect of the immigrant experience that remains under-researched is the experiences immigrant mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have in navigating the health care and education systems. Immigrant mothers are held to higher standards than non-immigrant mothers in raising their children and are usually expected to advocate for their children’s education and health care. It is crucial that immigrant children …

Subcutaneous Lesions And Systemic Infections: A Scoping Review Of The Clinical Implications Of Illicit Xylazine Use, Fatimah Maiga

Public Health Theses

Xylazine, a clonidine analog, is a potent alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used as an analgesic sedative in veterinary medicine. Known to people who inject drugs (PWID) as “tranq”, xylazine has recently infiltrated the U.S. illicit opiate drug supply and has been associated with severe, necrotic lesions, sedation, and respiratory depression. Unlike opiates, xylazine has no human reversal agent or standardized withdrawal treatment protocol and its effects are unclear.

The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review synthesizing the available clinical research and reporting on xylazine associated subcutaneous lesions and systemic infections. The study also sought to identify gaps …

Exploring Intersections Of Discrimination, Social Support, And Hiv Risk Behavior Among Gay, Bisexual, Queer Men: A Scoping Review, Jon Andre Sabio Parrilla

Public Health Theses

In the United States, 1 in 3 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Queer (LGBTQ+ ) identified persons has experienced discrimination or unjust or biased treatment of people due to their “race, gender, age, or sexual orientation.” We conducted a scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. In December 2022, two databases were searched: PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Our review identified 22 studies that addressed the association between social support and discrimination with HIV risk behavior among gay, bisexual, queer (GBQ) men. Stigma and discrimination within and outside the gay community …