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The Melodramatic Unconscious: The Cinematic Afterlife Of Fin-De-Siècle Vienna, Maxfield Walker Fulton Apr 2022

The Melodramatic Unconscious: The Cinematic Afterlife Of Fin-De-Siècle Vienna, Maxfield Walker Fulton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation centers on four auteurist films by Max Ophuls, Liliana Cavani, Nicolas Roeg, and Stanley Kubrick which turned to the artistic, intellectual, and cultural history of fin-de-siècle Vienna in order to adapt classical Hollywood melodrama for the art cinema genre. Drawing on art history, aesthetic philosophy, literary theory, and film studies, the dissertation intervenes in an ongoing discourse about the relationship between modernism and melodrama. Whereas scholars of European art cinema have tended to focus on how modernist provocateurs have appropriated Brechtian Verfremdungseffekte in order to undermine classical melodrama’s immersive emotionality and advance social critique, my project traces an …

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Transmitters, Texts, And Traditions: The Zoroastrian Priesthood From The Sasanian To The Early Islamic Period, Kayla Dang Apr 2022

Transmitters, Texts, And Traditions: The Zoroastrian Priesthood From The Sasanian To The Early Islamic Period, Kayla Dang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the institutional framework of the Zoroastrian priesthood through its individual priests and their relationship with ruling authorities. Entitled “Transmitters, Texts, and Traditions: The Zoroastrian Priesthood from Late Antiquity to the Early Islamic Period,” it traces the survival and transformation of the priesthood across the divide of the Arab conquest of Iran, the period of transformation from Zoroastrianism as a state religion under the Sasanid kings to the gradual conversion of the population to Islam under Muslim rulers. Using primary sources in Arabic, Syriac, Armenian, and Greek alongside material culture and literary sources in Middle Persian, I study …

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Essay In Social Coordination, Jacob Derechin Apr 2022

Essay In Social Coordination, Jacob Derechin

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Social Coordination is an essential feature of any social system. Coordination is a precondition for certain kinds of cooperation, as cooperation implies agents working together for a common cause, while coordination only implies agents synchronizing their behavior. For example, social contagion suggests a mechanism for groups to socially coordinate without necessarily cooperating. When behaviors spread across social ties the people may not be actively intending to spread the behavior, so they are not always cooperating. The necessity of coordination does not imply that it is easy to achieve. In Chapter 1, I survey two theoretical frameworks for operationalizing the challenges …

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Collared Men: Ethnographic Essays On Navigating Race And Status In Everyday Live, Craig Holloway Apr 2022

Collared Men: Ethnographic Essays On Navigating Race And Status In Everyday Live, Craig Holloway

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The demands of the American society are changing as it develops into a more plural anddiverse society that is characterized by an increasingly specialized economy. Many are willing to say that we are in both a post-industrial and post-racial society that renders equal opportunity for all people. Yet, black men continue to be in relatively peculiar circumstances as people from varied statuses. Status is fluid. And their narrations of their everyday lives and the lives of their counterparts through their own status can at times be strikingly different from mainstream society. These men navigate the demands of race, family and …

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Neural Graph Transfer Learning In Natural Language Processing Tasks, Irene Li Apr 2022

Neural Graph Transfer Learning In Natural Language Processing Tasks, Irene Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Natural language is essential in our daily lives as we rely on languages to communicate and exchange information. A fundamental goal for natural language processing (NLP) is to let the machine understand natural language to help or replace human experts to mine knowledge and complete tasks. Many NLP tasks deal with sequential data. For example, a sentence is considered as a sequence of works. Very recently, deep learning-based language models (i.e.,BERT \citep{devlin2018bert}) achieved significant improvement in many existing tasks, including text classification and natural language inference. However, not all tasks can be formulated using sequence models. Specifically, graph-structured data is …

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An Intellectual History Of Black Literary Discourse 1910-1956, Shayne Mcgregor Apr 2022

An Intellectual History Of Black Literary Discourse 1910-1956, Shayne Mcgregor

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the first forty-six years of black literary discourse in the American twentieth century. Beginning with Benjamin Brawley’s The Negro in Literature and Art (1910), I begin the dissertation by identifying black literary discourse’s original goal. In the parlance of the time, the goal of black literary discourse was to solve the “Negro Problem.” I then discuss how further into the twentieth century other critics and artists like James Weldon Johnson and Sterling Brown expanded on Brawley’s ideas in ways that attempted to get at the underlying philosophical thought that underpinned the Problem. By the 1930s a competing …

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4pi Single-Molecule Switching Nanoscopy For Live-Cell Imaging, Kevin Hu Apr 2022

4pi Single-Molecule Switching Nanoscopy For Live-Cell Imaging, Kevin Hu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

plays a critical role in cell biology due to its ability tovisualize molecules of interest inside living cells with high specificity and contrast. However, diffraction of light limits spatial resolution to ~250 nm. Super-resolution microscopy bypasses this physical limit to achieve resolutions of ~10 nm, which is nearly the size of many biological macromolecules. Notably, 4Pi single-molecule switching nanoscopy achieves this resolution in all three spatial dimensions, finally making it possible to resolve specific proteins within convoluted structures like the Golgi. However, the current implementation is only compatible with dead or fixed cell samples, restricting experimental design. To explore the …

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Some Are Guilty, All Are Responsible': A Theory And Ethics Of Prophetic Citizenship, Alex Ozar Apr 2022

Some Are Guilty, All Are Responsible': A Theory And Ethics Of Prophetic Citizenship, Alex Ozar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

When it comes to injustices in free societies, Abraham Joshua Heschel says, “some are guilty, but all are responsible.” This dissertation asks what responsibility individuals in fact bear for societal injustices of which they are not guilty, and offers a construction of the prophetic vocation as the answer. We are each responsible for caring about (those suffering under) injustice, and we are each responsible for holding each other responsible for so caring. We effectively address demands to others to care by manifestly caring ourselves, which turns out to require the assumption of some measure of cost, risk, or sacrifice in …

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Religion And Contested Cultural Heritage: The Rotunda And Hagia Sophia As Church, Mosque, And Museum, Stephanie Machabee Apr 2022

Religion And Contested Cultural Heritage: The Rotunda And Hagia Sophia As Church, Mosque, And Museum, Stephanie Machabee

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This project uses the fourth-century Rotunda in Thessaloniki, Greece and the sixth-century Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey as case study sites for exploring conflicts over religious heritage. These two sites have a shared history of repurposing, from pre-Christian sites, to churches, to mosques, to museums, and to hybrid religious/heritage spaces today. These transformations are the outcome of shifting political powers and changing religious priorities over the centuries. As a result of these complex histories, the Rotunda and Hagia Sophia are notable examples of “dissonant heritage” (Tunbridge and Ashworth 1996). That is, they are loci of competing narratives and public representations …

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Nonhistory: Slavery And The Black Historical Imagination, Xavier Lee Apr 2022

Nonhistory: Slavery And The Black Historical Imagination, Xavier Lee

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the theoretical significance of slavery in contemporary novels by black writers of English and French expression. I contend that black authors like Gayl Jones, Edouard Glissant, Léonora Miano, Sherley Anne Williams, Jean Métellus, and Fred D’Aguiar use literature to revise historical narratives and generate new histories of slavery. By reading novels as historical texts, I theorize nonhistory as a critique of the epistemological limitations of historiography. I argue that Black Francophone and Anglophone Atlantic writers of the postcolonial and post-Jim Crow era narrate the past as a nonhistory whose discursive and aesthetic afterimages expose the disjointed experience …

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Uniform Exponential Mixing Of Frame Flows For Congruence Covers Of Convex Cocompact Hyperbolic Manifolds, Pratyush Sarkar Apr 2022

Uniform Exponential Mixing Of Frame Flows For Congruence Covers Of Convex Cocompact Hyperbolic Manifolds, Pratyush Sarkar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The main objective of this thesis is to prove uniform exponential mixing of the frame flow for congruence covers of a hyperbolic manifold $\Gamma \backslash \mathbb H^n$ with respect to the Bowen--Margulis--Sullivan measures, for some convex cocompact thin subgroup $\Gamma$ of an arithmetic lattice in $\SO(n, 1)$. In order to accomplish this, we first need to prove exponential mixing of the frame flow for a single convex cocompact hyperbolic manifold $\Gamma \backslash \mathbb H^n$ as well. The former result extends the work of Oh--Winter who established the $n = 2$ case. The theorems follow from (uniform) spectral bounds for the …

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Critical Theory In Revolt: Angela Davis, Rudi Dutschke, Hans-Jürgen Krahl And The Frankfurt School, 1964-1972, Cecilia Sebastian Apr 2022

Critical Theory In Revolt: Angela Davis, Rudi Dutschke, Hans-Jürgen Krahl And The Frankfurt School, 1964-1972, Cecilia Sebastian

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation charts an alternative history of Frankfurt School Critical Theory through its critical reception and appropriation by students involved in anti-authoritarian, anti-capitalist, and anti-imperialist social movements in the United States and West Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. There, many student readers of the tradition, including those named in the title, found opportunities to refine and critique their mentors’ ideas about capitalism and the state, racism and fascism, technology and mass culture, and the nexus of theory and praxis. They resisted the domestication of Critical Theory into the purely academic discourse of philosophy, sociology, and political theory, and instead …

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Aesthetics And Asceticism: The Paradox Of The Bodily Senses In The Catholic Reformation, Thomas Joseph Santa Maria Apr 2022

Aesthetics And Asceticism: The Paradox Of The Bodily Senses In The Catholic Reformation, Thomas Joseph Santa Maria

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

According to most accounts, following the reformations Protestant worship and tradition became asensual by emphasizing encounters with biblical texts through reading the Bible or hearing sermons. Conversely, Early Modern Catholicism became synonymous with the sensuous, meaning it exploited the senses of faithful Catholics through its incense, art, music, sacraments, and practices. This dissertation challenges these assumptions by demonstrating that there were two sides to Catholic piety that existed in a paradoxical relationship. Surely, Catholic worship appealed to the senses to teach the faith, to meditate and contemplate in prayer, and to move Catholics to greater piety by emulating the saints …

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Essays On Macro-Finance, Xiaochuan Xing Apr 2022

Essays On Macro-Finance, Xiaochuan Xing

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation consists of three essays at the intersection of macroeconomics and finance, emphasizing the effects of financial frictions on business cycles based on theoretical, quantitative, and empirical studies. In Chapter 1, I construct an infinite-horizon dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with a collateral constraint and actual default in equilibrium. Entrepreneurs borrow from households through non-recourse debt contracts backed by capital goods. By taking into account the non-linear payoffs of the collateralized debt contracts and the scarcity of collateral, borrowers and lenders adjust their bid and ask schedules, or equivalently, the credit demand and supply surfaces for debt contracts with …

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From Secret War To Cold War: Race, Catholicism, And The Un-Making Of Counterrevolutionary Mexico, 1917-1946, Ricardo Jose Alvarez-Pimentel Apr 2022

From Secret War To Cold War: Race, Catholicism, And The Un-Making Of Counterrevolutionary Mexico, 1917-1946, Ricardo Jose Alvarez-Pimentel

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the rise and fall of Catholic women’s opposition to the secularizing efforts and seemingly progressive gender and racial politics of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and its nascent state apparatus. Through rigorous discursive analyses of state and Catholic print media published between 1917 and 1946, it traces middle- and upper-class women’s ideological production and argues that their counterrevolutionary religious movement was both driven and un-made by gendered constructions of whiteness. The first half of this dissertation (Chapters 1-3) analyzes the Mexican Church-state conflict prior to 1930 as a transnational struggle between two racialized and competing forms of …

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Minor Theories Of Everything: On Popular Science And Contemporary Fiction, Arthur Wang Apr 2022

Minor Theories Of Everything: On Popular Science And Contemporary Fiction, Arthur Wang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

“Minor Theories of Everything” is an interdisciplinary inquiry into the proliferation and circulation of scientific universalisms about human sociality since the 20th century, and their uses by feminists and writers of color. By considering “minor universals” about human behavior, I articulate two related concepts: the imaginative and rhetorical strategies scientific disciplines use to stage claims to universality, and the way that minoritized writers have adapted potentially alienating and exclusionary universalisms to new political and aesthetic ends. Combining literary history, science studies, and race, gender, and sexuality studies, I offer new insights into the cultural work of popular science. Chapter One, …

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Every Day About The World: Feminist Internationalism In The Second Wave, Samuel Huber Apr 2022

Every Day About The World: Feminist Internationalism In The Second Wave, Samuel Huber

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

“Every Day About the World” offers a new narrative of US second-wave feminism from its emergence in the 1960s through its institutionalization in the 1980s, recuperating a foundationally international horizon through which feminist literature and analysis were formulated, tested, and revised. By attending to a series of pivotal but under-considered scenes of engagement for US feminism, I describe the political and conceptual challenges confronted by US feminist writers as they looked beyond national borders, as well as the literary approaches through which those challenges were registered and occasionally surmounted. Solidarity with anti-imperialist movements abroad provided consistent occasions for US feminists …

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The City Of Gods And Fortune: An Architectural And Urban History Of Daulatabad, Ca. 13th–15th Centuries, Mohit Manohar Apr 2022

The City Of Gods And Fortune: An Architectural And Urban History Of Daulatabad, Ca. 13th–15th Centuries, Mohit Manohar

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The fortified city of Daulatabad in Deccan India was of comparable size and prestige to Delhi between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. Daulatabad was situated on important pilgrimage and mercantile routes and attracted immigrants from various parts of the world. Due to its significance and strategic location, political powers from northern and southern India—practicing both Hinduism and Islam—fought fierce battles over the city. Several of them made it their capital. Despite its importance, Daulatabad is often treated as a footnote to Delhi, and its rich architecture and urban layout have not been art historically examined. The City of Gods and …

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Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Chinese Immigrants In The United States With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Shuyuan Huang Apr 2022

Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Chinese Immigrants In The United States With Prior Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Shuyuan Huang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications during pregnancy with short- and long-term consequences for mothers and children. In the long term, women with prior GDM have a ten-fold risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to those without prior GDM. Chinese immigrants in the US are disproportionately affected by GDM and T2D. Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are two modifiable behaviors to prevent T2D. The aims of this dissertation study were: 1) to describe the patterns of objectively measured PA and SB among Chinese immigrants in the US with prior GDM, …

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The Mother Of Soviet Documentary: Esfir Shub In Compilation Film And Beyond, 1927-1937, Anastasia Kostina Apr 2022

The Mother Of Soviet Documentary: Esfir Shub In Compilation Film And Beyond, 1927-1937, Anastasia Kostina

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores the life and filmmaking career of the Soviet Union’s first – and arguably most important – female documentarian, Esfir Shub. The focus is on the first ten years of Shub’s directorial track, 1927-1937, during which she tirelessly pushed the boundaries of the documentary mode. Combining visual analysis and in-depth archival research with feminist historiography, the dissertation offers a critical reassessment of Shub’s directorial career and investigates the relationship between politics, aesthetics, and gender during documentary cinema’s nascent phase. The chapters of this dissertation are organized chronologically and are centered on the production context, form, and structure of …

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Three Essays On Racialized Disaster And Grassroots Resistance In U.S. Politics, Gwen Prowse Apr 2022

Three Essays On Racialized Disaster And Grassroots Resistance In U.S. Politics, Gwen Prowse

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this three-paper dissertation, I examine the conditions under which social policy failures give rise to local grassroots political projects designed to meet the immediate needs of citizens in the short term and result in the creation of durable regional networks, fundraising strategies, and organizing methodologies in the long term. This project challenges the prevailing view in political science that national, federated organizations are the primary agents in mass politics by establishing subnational grassroots organizations’ pivotal role in political transformation. In the first paper in the dissertation, “Who knows better than the suffers themselves”: Theorizing Racialized Disaster in U.S Politics, …

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Keep It Barbershop: Stylistic Preservation And Whiteness In The Barbershop Harmony Society, Clifton Boyd Apr 2022

Keep It Barbershop: Stylistic Preservation And Whiteness In The Barbershop Harmony Society, Clifton Boyd

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the entanglement of music-theoretical practices and sociopolitical values in the Barbershop Harmony Society (BHS), a fraternal singing organization with over 15,000 members and 600 chapters in the U.S. and Canada, as well as several affiliate barbershop societies across Europe. Since its founding in 1938, the BHS has had the explicit aim of preserving the barbershop style, a four-part, a cappella singing tradition popularized in the late nineteenth century and known for its ringing harmonies and camaraderie. Yet this bonhomie had its limits: by the early 1960s, at the height of the civil rights movement, the correlation between …

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Now I Walk On Foreign Soil: Settler Colonialism In Argentina’S Southern Borderlands, 1867-1899, Hannah Greenwald Apr 2022

Now I Walk On Foreign Soil: Settler Colonialism In Argentina’S Southern Borderlands, 1867-1899, Hannah Greenwald

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

“Now I Walk On Foreign Soil: Settler Colonialism in Argentina’s Southern Borderlands, 1867-1899” examines the relationship between military violence, Indigenous resistance, and settler colonial state formation in Argentina. This dissertation charts how during the so-called “Conquest of the Desert” (1879-1885), formerly autonomous Indigenous peoples in the pampas and Patagonia were subjugated to Argentine state rule through military violence, and discursively erased from Argentina’s national community. Employing the methodologies of microhistory and ethnohistory, alongside the frameworks of settler colonial theory and genocide studies, it examines the intertwined forms of military and nonmilitary violence intended to physically and ideologically eradicate Indigenous people …

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On The Surveillance And Spread Of Drug Resistant Malaria In Sub-Saharan Africa, Hanna Y. Ehrlich Apr 2022

On The Surveillance And Spread Of Drug Resistant Malaria In Sub-Saharan Africa, Hanna Y. Ehrlich

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are among the most important tools in our arsenal to treat and control malaria. ACTs and other antimalarial drugs have contributed to significant declines in global malaria-attributed morbidity and mortality over the past few decades. However, progress is the effort to eradicate the disease has not been equally distributed: sub-Saharan Africa continues to experiences the vast majority of the burden of the disease. Recent reports of ACT resistance in Rwanda and Uganda confirm longstanding expectations that artemisinin-resistant parasites will eventually emerge in Africa. To delay the spread of artemisinin resistance across the malaria endemic sub-continent, it …

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The Function Of Kiaa0319 In Human Neuronal Development, Steven Paniagua Apr 2022

The Function Of Kiaa0319 In Human Neuronal Development, Steven Paniagua

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Reading Disability (RD), also known as dyslexia, is defined as difficulty processing written language in individuals with normal intellectual capacity and educational opportunity. The prevalence of RD is between 5% and 17%, and the heritability ranges from 44% to 75%. Genetic linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several genes and regulatory elements linked to RD and reading ability. However, their functions and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Prominent among these is KIAA0319, encoded in the DYX2 locus of human chromosome 6p22. Association of KIAA0319 has been independently replicated in multiple independent studies and languages. Rodent models …

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Strategic Stability In The Third Nuclear Age, David Minchin Allison Apr 2022

Strategic Stability In The Third Nuclear Age, David Minchin Allison

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The arrival of a third nuclear age—characterized by emerging technologies and multipolarity—threatens to upend global order. For decades, scholars have taken comfort in the perceived effectiveness of extended deterrence and taboo talk by nuclear elites. But how might new vulnerabilities and incentives for use affect nuclear prospects? Using survey experiments based on realistic conflict scenarios, I investigate the effect of these changes on public opinion concerning nuclear use. Contrary to decades of scholarship, I find that prior claims matter little and support for nuclear use is highly contextual. Despite extended deterrent commitments, the U.S. public is broadly unwilling to support …

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‘Hideous Progeny’: The Role Of Monsters And Hybrids In Latin Metapoetry, Treasa Mae Bell Apr 2022

‘Hideous Progeny’: The Role Of Monsters And Hybrids In Latin Metapoetry, Treasa Mae Bell

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation explores the role of the monster and the hybrid in Latin poetry of the Augustan period. It asserts that these creatures symbolize the embodied literary work through close parallels between their bodies and the body of the texts in which they appear. The opening two chapters (Part I) tie monsters to ancient literary critical disputes. The first examines the connection between monstrous forms and critical terminology. The second chapter, through case studies on the recusatio and many-mouth motif, considers the relationship between the monster’s voice and the political voice of the text. Part II of the dissertation is …

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Molecular Mechanisms Of Atg-9 Localization And Function In Neurons, Sisi Yang Apr 2022

Molecular Mechanisms Of Atg-9 Localization And Function In Neurons, Sisi Yang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway essential for neuronal health andfunction. Autophagosome biogenesis occurs at synapses, is locally regulated and increases in response to neuronal activity. The mechanisms that couple autophagosome biogenesis to synaptic activity remain unknown. In my thesis work, I determine that trafficking of ATG-9, the only transmembraneprotein in the core autophagy pathway, links the synaptic vesicle cycle with autophagy. ATG-9-positive vesicles in C. elegans are generated from the trans-Golgi network via AP- 3-dependent budding and delivered to presynaptic sites. At presynaptic sites, ATG-9 undergoes exo-endocytosis in an activity-dependent manner. Mutations that disrupt endocytosis, including a lesion in …

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The Impacts Of Unconventional Oil And Gas Development On Drinking Water And Children’S Health, Cassandra J. Clark Apr 2022

The Impacts Of Unconventional Oil And Gas Development On Drinking Water And Children’S Health, Cassandra J. Clark

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD) combines horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing (the pressurized injection of millions of gallons of water and chemicals) to extract fossil fuels such as natural gas from deep rock deposits. UOGD has led to community concern over environmental hazards, such as water contamination, and health hazards, such as cancer. This dissertation examines the impacts of UOGD on communities in the Appalachian Basin from the perspective of three disciplines: exposure science, environmental justice, and epidemiology (background and overall aims summarized in Chapter 1). Chapter 2 investigates whether UOG exposure through household groundwater is captured by spatial …

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Adaptive Identification And Control Of Time-Varying Systems Using Multiple Models, Kasra Esfandiari Apr 2022

Adaptive Identification And Control Of Time-Varying Systems Using Multiple Models, Kasra Esfandiari

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The study of adaptive systems concerns the identification and control of dynamicalsystems in the presence of uncertainties. In the past seven decades, research on adaptive systems has primarily centered around the identification and control of linear dynamical systems with constant parameters. The use of multiple models to judiciously combine information from various sources has proven to be a powerful technique for improving adaptive behavior (in terms of speed, accuracy, and robustness) in these systems. However, the main interest of adaptive structures has always been in the identification and control of systems with unknown time-varying parameters. Situations which call for adaptation …

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