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Frb Joint Final Rule- Real Estate Lending Standards, Stephen C. Schemering Jan 1993

Frb Joint Final Rule- Real Estate Lending Standards, Stephen C. Schemering

Documents

No abstract provided.

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The North Atlantic Circulation: Combining Simplified Dynamics With Hydrographic Data, Philip S. Bogden, Russ E. Davis, Rick Salmon Jan 1993

The North Atlantic Circulation: Combining Simplified Dynamics With Hydrographic Data, Philip S. Bogden, Russ E. Davis, Rick Salmon

Journal of Marine Research

We estimate the time-averaged velocity field in the North Atlantic from observations of density, wind stress and bottom topography. The flow is assumed geostrophic, with prescribed Ekman pumping at the surface, and no normal component at the bottom. These data and dynamics determine velocity to within an arbitrary function of (Coriolis parameter)/(ocean depth), which we call the “dynamical free mode.” The free mode is selected to minimize mixing of potential density at mid-depth. This tracer-conservation criterion serves as a relatively weak constraint on the calculation. Estimates of vertical velocity are particularly sensitive to variations in the free mode and to …

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The Annual Variation Of Water Mass Structure In The Gulf Of Maine: 1986-1987, W. S. Brown, J. D. Irish Jan 1993

The Annual Variation Of Water Mass Structure In The Gulf Of Maine: 1986-1987, W. S. Brown, J. D. Irish

Journal of Marine Research

The annual variation in the structure and disposition of the principal water masses in the Gulf of Maine has been investigated with a set of water property observations using five shipboard surveys and four moored arrays with data telemetry. The time series observations document the cooling-induced destratification of the upper water column during autumn and the subsequent mixed-layer deepening in the western Gulf—primarily in Wilkinson Basin— during winter 1987. Unusually large amounts of fresher Scotian Shelf Water inflow inhibited winter 1987 vertical mixing in the eastern Gulf relative to the deep mixing in and around Wilkinson Basin in the western …

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The Importance Of The Scotia Sea On The Outflow Of Weddell Sea Deep Water, Ricardo A. Locarnini, Thomas Whitworth Iii, Worth D. Nowlin Jr. Jan 1993

The Importance Of The Scotia Sea On The Outflow Of Weddell Sea Deep Water, Ricardo A. Locarnini, Thomas Whitworth Iii, Worth D. Nowlin Jr.

Journal of Marine Research

Weddell Sea Deep Water influences the thermohaline circulation of the world ocean directly as a component of the deep western boundary current in the South Atlantic Ocean and indirectly by cooling and freshening Circumpolar Deep Water. Because it is filled with recently ventilated Weddell Sea Deep Water, the Scotia Sea is important to both influences. The main component of the abyssal waters renewing most of the world oceans via deep boundary currents is the Circumpolar Deep Water of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Weddell Sea Deep Water is recognized as the main source of cold, fresh waters to Circumpolar Deep Water, …

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On The Role Of Large Bubbles In Air-Sea Gas Exchange And Supersaturation In The Ocean, Ralph F. Keeling Jan 1993

On The Role Of Large Bubbles In Air-Sea Gas Exchange And Supersaturation In The Ocean, Ralph F. Keeling

Journal of Marine Research

A parameterization of bubble-induced gas exchange is presented in which the bubble contribution to gas exchange is expressed in terms of separate transfer velocities for ingassing (Kbin) and outgassing (Kbout). The difference between the ingassing and outgassing velocities (Kbin − Kbout) is further separated into two components, the first caused by the injection of small bubbles into the water, the second caused by gas exchange across the surface of hydrostatically compressed larger bubbles. It is argued that both Kbout and the exchange contribution to …

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Benthic Fluxes And Nitrogen Cycling In Sediments Of The Continental Margin Of The Eastern North Pacific, Allan H. Devol, John P. Christensen Jan 1993

Benthic Fluxes And Nitrogen Cycling In Sediments Of The Continental Margin Of The Eastern North Pacific, Allan H. Devol, John P. Christensen

Journal of Marine Research

The exchange of O2, N2, NO3−, NH4+, Si(OH)4, and PO4−3 between the sediments and the overlying water (benthic flux) was determined at 18 locations on the Washington State continental margin using an in situ benthic tripod. Oxygen consumption by the sediments ranged from 21.2 pmole cm−2 s−1 on the shelf to 2.85 pmole cm−2 s−1 on the slope. Nitrogen gas fluxes were from the sediments to the overlying water. They varied 5.5 to 1.2 pmole-N cm−2 s−1 …

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An Analytic Model Of Tidal Circulation In A Narrow Estuary, X. H. Wang, P. D. Craig Jan 1993

An Analytic Model Of Tidal Circulation In A Narrow Estuary, X. H. Wang, P. D. Craig

Journal of Marine Research

A simple model of open coastal dynamics is adapted to provide an analytic solution of the vertical and axial structure of tidal currents in an estuary. Applied to the Hey River estuary in northern Queensland, the model provides an accurate representation of the four major tidal constituents. By best-fit analysis of the model results to data from three current meters, the vertical eddy viscosity for the estuary is estimated as 2.8 × 10−3 m2s−1, and the linear friction coefficient as 8 × 10−4 ms−1. Bottom boundary considerations indicate that the data are …

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Release Rates Of Trace Elements And Protein From Decomposing Planktonic Debris. 1. Phytoplankton Debris, Byeong-Gweon Lee, Nicholas S. Fisher Jan 1993

Release Rates Of Trace Elements And Protein From Decomposing Planktonic Debris. 1. Phytoplankton Debris, Byeong-Gweon Lee, Nicholas S. Fisher

Journal of Marine Research

The release rates of Ag, Am, Cd, Ce, Co, Pb, Se and Zn from decomposing diatom cells were determined using gamma-emitting radiotracers; rates were compared with C and protein loss rates over time. Additionally, experiments were designed to evaluate various artifacts involved in the experimental use of radioisotopes, handling of biogenic debris, and the use of poisons. The release rates of C at 18°C exponentially decreased with time from 17.5% d−1 at 1 d to 2.7% d−1 at 6 d; those of protein slowed from 9.2% d−1 at 1 d to 2.0% d−1 at 6 d. …

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Potential Carbon Sources For The Head-Down Deposit-Feeding Polychaete Heteromastus Filiformis, Lisa M. Clough, Glenn R. Lopez Jan 1993

Potential Carbon Sources For The Head-Down Deposit-Feeding Polychaete Heteromastus Filiformis, Lisa M. Clough, Glenn R. Lopez

Journal of Marine Research

In this study we investigated potential carbon sources for the capitellid polychaete, Heteromastus filiformis. It is a head-down deposit feeder ingesting sediment from at least 15 cm below the sediment-water interface. This orientation appears to minimize the worm's ability to acquire food and oxygen and maximize its exposure to sulfide. The food sources we examined were metabolically active bacteria, benthic algae, detritus and chemoautotrophic bacteria. Carbon retention efficiencies from metabolically active bacteria, benthic algae and detritus by H. filiformis were 26%, 8% and 4% respectively. These values are relatively low compared to other deposit feeding species suggesting that H. …

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Prochlorococcus And Synechococcus: A Comparative Study Of Their Optical Properties In Relation To Their Size And Pigmentation, André Morel, Yu-Hwan Ahn, Frédéric Partensky, Daniel Vaulot, Hervé Claustre Jan 1993

Prochlorococcus And Synechococcus: A Comparative Study Of Their Optical Properties In Relation To Their Size And Pigmentation, André Morel, Yu-Hwan Ahn, Frédéric Partensky, Daniel Vaulot, Hervé Claustre

Journal of Marine Research

Three unialgal strains of Prochlorococcus and four of Synechococcus were grown in batch culture at low irradiances. The spectral values of light absorption, scattering and backscattering of intact cells in suspension were determined, together with cell counts, size distribution and pigment composition (via HPLC). The spectral efficiency factors Qa, Qb, Qbb for light absorption, scattering and backscattering respectively, were derived, as well as the corresponding chlorophyll-specific coefficients a*, b* and bb*. The pigment used when normalizing is “true” chlorophyll a for Synechococcus, and divinyl-chlorophyll a for Prochlorococcus. In correspondence …

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Effects Of Poisons And Preservatives On The Fluxes And Elemental Compositions Of Sediment Trap Materials, John I. Hedges, Cindy Lee, Stuart G. Wakeham, Peter J. Hernes, Michael L. Peterson Jan 1993

Effects Of Poisons And Preservatives On The Fluxes And Elemental Compositions Of Sediment Trap Materials, John I. Hedges, Cindy Lee, Stuart G. Wakeham, Peter J. Hernes, Michael L. Peterson

Journal of Marine Research

Bulk particle fluxes and organic elemental compositions were compared among sediment traps treated with different poisons and preservatives. The traps (3:1 open cylinders) were deployed for 1–2 months at 30 and 60 m depths in a coastal marine environment. The tested treatments included mercuric chloride, mixed antibiotics, sodium azide, formalin, chloroform, and salt, along with untreated controls. Fluxes of bulk particulate material and weight percentages of organic carbon measured for differently treated traps deployed simultaneously at the same depth both varied by an average of ±8% of the mean value. Great numbers of large (>850 μm) zooplankton swimmers were …

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Effects Of Poisons And Preservatives On The Composition Of Organic Matter In A Sediment Trap Experiment, Stuart G. Wakeham, John I. Hedges, Cindy Lee, Tamara K. Pease Jan 1993

Effects Of Poisons And Preservatives On The Composition Of Organic Matter In A Sediment Trap Experiment, Stuart G. Wakeham, John I. Hedges, Cindy Lee, Tamara K. Pease

Journal of Marine Research

Fluxes and molecular compositions of a group of major biochemical classes (lipids, lignin, pigments, amino acids, and carbohydrates) were compared among sediment traps treated with different poisons and preservatives and deployed for 1–2 months in a coastal marine environment. Fluxes and compositions of biochemicals were significantly more variable than bulk particle fluxes and elemental compositions. This observation was attributed to a greater influence of dead zooplankton “swimmers” in treated traps rather than differences in microbial decomposition due to the various treatments. Molecular compositions, especially of lipids, confirm the influence of zooplankton swimmers on the biochemical composition of the particulate material …

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Size-Fractionated 234th In Continental Shelf Waters Off New England: Implications For The Role Of Colloids In Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging, S. Bradley Moran, Ken O. Buesseler Jan 1993

Size-Fractionated 234th In Continental Shelf Waters Off New England: Implications For The Role Of Colloids In Oceanic Trace Metal Scavenging, S. Bradley Moran, Ken O. Buesseler

Journal of Marine Research

Measurements of 234Th (t1/2 = 24.1 days) in dissolved, colloidal, and particulate forms have been made to investigate the role of colloids in reactive metal scavenging in the surface waters of Buzzards Bay, over an annual cycle, and in the shelf and slope waters off New England. At-sea sampling involved prefiltering seawater through 0.2 μm filters followed by cross-flow filtration using a 10,000 nominal molecular weight filter to collect colloidal (10,000 NMW-0.2 μm) and dissolved (<10,000 NMW) phases. Total 234Th activities increase with distance from shore, indicative of enhanced scavenging in the particle-rich nearshore waters. Clearly seen in Buzzards …

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Monetary Integration In Historical Perspective, Koichi Hamada, David Porteous Jan 1993

Monetary Integration In Historical Perspective, Koichi Hamada, David Porteous

Discussion Papers

No abstract provided.

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Acoustic Reflectometry And Hearing Loss In Pediatric Patients With Acute Otitis Media, Jonathan E. Harwin Jan 1993

Acoustic Reflectometry And Hearing Loss In Pediatric Patients With Acute Otitis Media, Jonathan E. Harwin

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Perceptions Of Childhood Pneumonia In Pakistan : Health-Seeking Behaviors Of Mothers Of Hospitalized Children, Sara Helen Cody Jan 1993

Perceptions Of Childhood Pneumonia In Pakistan : Health-Seeking Behaviors Of Mothers Of Hospitalized Children, Sara Helen Cody

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Ischemia And Reperfusion On Mitochondrial Phosphate Uptake In Rat Renal Proximal Tubules, Samer Najjar Jan 1993

Effects Of Ischemia And Reperfusion On Mitochondrial Phosphate Uptake In Rat Renal Proximal Tubules, Samer Najjar

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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The Effect Of Exposure To Light During The Dark Phase Of The Circadian Cycle On Iop And Aqueous Flow In New Zealand White Rabbits, Thomas Chien Lee Jan 1993

The Effect Of Exposure To Light During The Dark Phase Of The Circadian Cycle On Iop And Aqueous Flow In New Zealand White Rabbits, Thomas Chien Lee

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Detrital Spectral Absorption: Laboratory Studies Of Visible Light Effects On Phytodetritus Absorption, Bacterial Spectral Signal, And Comparison To Field Measurements, James R. Nelson, Charles Y. Robertson Jan 1993

Detrital Spectral Absorption: Laboratory Studies Of Visible Light Effects On Phytodetritus Absorption, Bacterial Spectral Signal, And Comparison To Field Measurements, James R. Nelson, Charles Y. Robertson

Journal of Marine Research

Visible light-dependent changes in the visible and near-ultraviolet spectral absorption (250–750 nm) of phytodetritus (killed and disrupted phytoplankton and copepod fecal pellets) were determined in laboratory experiments, as were spectral changes due to the growth of bacteria. Bacteria carbon and nitrogen content were estimated. Results of the laboratory studies are compared to field measurements of particulate spectral absorption in waters from the South Atlantic Bight off the southeastern U.S. The correction for “pathlength amplification” of filtered particulate samples (β) is also examined. Light-dependent changes in the spectral absorption of phytodetritus are principally due to the bleaching of chlorophylls, pheopigments, and …

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Enhanced Deposition To Pits: A Local Food Source For Benthos, Patricia L. Yager, Arthur R. M. Nowell, Peter A. Jumars Jan 1993

Enhanced Deposition To Pits: A Local Food Source For Benthos, Patricia L. Yager, Arthur R. M. Nowell, Peter A. Jumars

Journal of Marine Research

Particle deposition experiments using mimics of biogenous negative relief (“pits”) and low-excess-density particles in a small annular flume indicate a significantly enhanced deposition rate (number of particles per time) compared to smooth, flat patches of the same diameter. This study included flow visualizations as well as observations of particle residence times, particle concentrations in the pits, and particle fluxes to the pits from the main flow. Experimental conditions of particle concentration, shear velocity, and particle settling velocity mimicked the dynamic characteristics (low excess density and large size) of organic-rich flocs and flow conditions in the subtidal and deep sea where …

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Release Rates Of Trace Elements And Protein From Decomposing Planktonic Debris. 2. Copepod Carcasses And Sediment Trap Particulate Matter, John R. Reinfelder, Nicholas S. Fisher, Scott W. Fowler, Jean-Louis Teyssié Jan 1993

Release Rates Of Trace Elements And Protein From Decomposing Planktonic Debris. 2. Copepod Carcasses And Sediment Trap Particulate Matter, John R. Reinfelder, Nicholas S. Fisher, Scott W. Fowler, Jean-Louis Teyssié

Journal of Marine Research

In experiments designed to relate the release kinetics of various elements with that of protein from biogenic particles, 110mAg, 241Am, 109Cd, 60Co, 75Se and protein were measured over time in radiolabeled copepod carcasses and particles caught in unpoisoned sediment traps (mostly zooplankton fecal pellets and amorphous marine snow). Log-linear release rate constants (k) of 110mAg, 241Am, 109Cd, and 60Co from carcasses ranged from 0.079 d−1 for 60Co at 2°C to 0.130 d−1 for 109Cd at 15°C, and did not vary significantly with temperature. 75Se …

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Model Of Frontogenesis: Subduction And Upwelling, Dong-Ping Wang Jan 1993

Model Of Frontogenesis: Subduction And Upwelling, Dong-Ping Wang

Journal of Marine Research

A high-resolution, three-dimensional, primitive-equation model is used to study frontogenesis. The initial state includes a surface front and geostrophic jet. A small initial disturbance grows rapidly into a steepened backward-breaking wave, characterized by narrow wave trough and broad wave crest. Analysis of the energetics indicates that the unstable waves are generated by baroclinic instability. The wavelength scales as the baroclinic deformation radius, but the growth rate appears to be much faster than found in previous primitive-equation model studies. The predicted downward velocity also is an order of magnitude greater than found in previous model studies. As the amplitude of unstable …

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Biological Effects Of Gulf Stream Meandering, Glenn R. Flierl, Cabell S. Davis Jan 1993

Biological Effects Of Gulf Stream Meandering, Glenn R. Flierl, Cabell S. Davis

Journal of Marine Research

A modeling study was conducted to examine the effects of time-dependent mesoscale meandering of a jet on nutrient—phytoplankton—zooplankton (NPZ) dynamics. The jet was represented as a quasi-geostrophic flow using the method of contour dynamics. Two cases for biology were examined: 1) plankton in a mixed layer of fixed depth and 2) plankton at the base of a mixed layer (i.e., pycnocline) of variable depth. When the mixed layer depth is fixed, nutrient upwelling and dilution of the phytoplankton and zooplankton populations occur along the northward branch of the meander. The additional nutrients and reduced grazing pressure leads to significant enhancement …

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Seasonal Contrasts In The Diel Vertical Distribution, Feeding Behavior, And Grazing Impact Of The Copepod Temora Longicornis In Long Island Sound, Hans G. Dam, William T. Peterson Jan 1993

Seasonal Contrasts In The Diel Vertical Distribution, Feeding Behavior, And Grazing Impact Of The Copepod Temora Longicornis In Long Island Sound, Hans G. Dam, William T. Peterson

Journal of Marine Research

We studied diel variability in vertical distribution, feeding behavior and grazing impact of female Temora longicornis in Long Island Sound on seven cruises from March to July. T. longicornis usually performed diel vertical migration characterized by deep residence during the day and ascent to near-surface waters at night for variable periods. The pattern of diel migration was independent of either the vertical distribution or relative abundance of chlorophyll in the water column. There was no clear evidence linking the amplitude of vertical migration to food concentration. Rather, the amplitude of migration decreased toward the end of the season probably due …

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Displacement Of Water Masses And Remineralization Rates Off The Iberian Peninsula By Nutrient Anomalies, Fiz F. Perez, C. Mouriño, F. Fraga, Aida F. Rios Jan 1993

Displacement Of Water Masses And Remineralization Rates Off The Iberian Peninsula By Nutrient Anomalies, Fiz F. Perez, C. Mouriño, F. Fraga, Aida F. Rios

Journal of Marine Research

Temperature, salinity, oxygen, nutrients and CO2 data obtained in the areas west and north of the Iberian Peninsula have been analyzed. We assume that the composite parameters such as Broecker's “NO” and “PO” and our own “CAO” and “SiO” are conservative for our water mass analysis. We demonstrate that the observations can be well represented by mixing between five end-members and estimate the relative proportions of these end-members in waters between 40N and 47N. Furthermore, based upon the differences between the observed and computed concentrations of oxygen and nutrients, the approximate rates of oxygen utilization and nutrient production in …

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Phytoplankton Bloom And The Vertical Thermal Structure Of The Upper Ocean, Malgorzata Stramska, Tommy D. Dickey Jan 1993

Phytoplankton Bloom And The Vertical Thermal Structure Of The Upper Ocean, Malgorzata Stramska, Tommy D. Dickey

Journal of Marine Research

Local heating rate within the oceanic mixed layer (ML) depends not only on the amount of solar radiation incident on the sea surface, but also on the vertical distribution of the irradiance in the water column. We have evaluated the effect of a phytoplankton bloom on mixed layer depth and temperature at a high latitude site near Iceland. The level 2½ version of the Mellor-Yamada (1982) turbulence scheme has been modified to include the vertical distribution of irradiance. This has allowed the investigation of the ML temperature and stability structure resulting from both physical and biological effects. An important part …

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The Roles Of Lymphotoxin And Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha In The Pathogenesis Of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis, Sonia Friedman Jan 1993

The Roles Of Lymphotoxin And Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha In The Pathogenesis Of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis, Sonia Friedman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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Low-Density Particles As Potential Nitrogenous Foods For Benthos, Lawrence M. Mayer, Peter A. Jumars, Gary L. Taghon, Stephen A. Macko, Susan Trumbore Jan 1993

Low-Density Particles As Potential Nitrogenous Foods For Benthos, Lawrence M. Mayer, Peter A. Jumars, Gary L. Taghon, Stephen A. Macko, Susan Trumbore

Journal of Marine Research

The demonstrated bias of both macrobenthos and fluids to mobilize low-density particles leads to their potential importance as nutritional materials in benthic systems. We fractionated sediments from three coastal regions into low- and high-density separates, and examined both their organic geochemical characteristics and effects on ingestion rates of a deposit feeder. The low-density separates were highly enriched in total organic matter relative to the high-density phases. Enzymatically hydrolyzable protein concentrations in low-density separates were as much as 57-fold higher than the corresponding high-density separates, though some samples from Puget Sound and the Mediterranean Sea showed no enrichment at all. Low-density …

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The Recent Return Of The Alaskan Stream To Near Strait, R. K. Reed, P. J. Stabeno Jan 1993

The Recent Return Of The Alaskan Stream To Near Strait, R. K. Reed, P. J. Stabeno

Journal of Marine Research

A hydrocast survey was conducted near the western Aleutian Islands and in the Bering Sea in September 1992. Presence of the Alaskan Stream was indicated by temperatures > 4°C to depths in excess of 200 m. Geopotential topography showed the Alaskan Stream flowing through Near Strait into the Bering Sea, with branches also flowing northward through Amchitka and Buldir passes. Satellite-tracked drifter paths were in general agreement with these features. Transport through Near Strait was ≈5 × 106 m3 s−1. Previous research indicated that the Stream had been absent from the Strait for more than a year. …

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Inhibition Of Malignant Glial Cell Growth By Estramustine, An Estrogen Based Antimicrotubule Agent, And Synthesized Analogs Of Estrone, And The Basis For The Use Of Estramustine In Combination Chemotherapy, Marc A. Weinstein Jan 1993

Inhibition Of Malignant Glial Cell Growth By Estramustine, An Estrogen Based Antimicrotubule Agent, And Synthesized Analogs Of Estrone, And The Basis For The Use Of Estramustine In Combination Chemotherapy, Marc A. Weinstein

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

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