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Articles 5761 - 5790 of 8517
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Outlook For 2002 And The Road Ahead, Pridiyathorn Devakula
Outlook For 2002 And The Road Ahead, Pridiyathorn Devakula
Documents
No abstract provided.
European Central Bank Annual Report 2001, European Central Bank (Ecb)
European Central Bank Annual Report 2001, European Central Bank (Ecb)
Documents
No abstract provided.
Wage Gains Associated With Height As A Form Of Health Human Capital, T. Paul Schultz
Wage Gains Associated With Height As A Form Of Health Human Capital, T. Paul Schultz
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
Developing Countries And The Multilateral Trading System After Doha, T.N Srinivasan
Developing Countries And The Multilateral Trading System After Doha, T.N Srinivasan
Discussion Papers
No abstract provided.
The Health Of Nations: The Contribution Of Improved Health To Living Standards, William D. Nordhaus
The Health Of Nations: The Contribution Of Improved Health To Living Standards, William D. Nordhaus
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
Nations generally measure their economic performance using the yardstick of national output and income. It is not widely recognized, however, that conventional measures of national income and output exclude the value of improvements in the health status of the population. The present study develops a methodology and presents preliminary estimates of how standard economic measures would change if they adequately reflected improvements in health status. The study first discusses the theory of the measurement of national income, examines some of the shortcomings of traditional concepts, and proposes a new concept called ‘health income’ that can be used to incorporate improvements …
Consistent Testing For Stochastic Dominance: A Subsampling Approach, Oliver B. Linton, Esfandiar Maasoumi, Yoon-Jae Whang
Consistent Testing For Stochastic Dominance: A Subsampling Approach, Oliver B. Linton, Esfandiar Maasoumi, Yoon-Jae Whang
Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers
We propose a procedure for estimating the critical values of the Klecan, McFadden, and McFadden (1990) test for first and second order stochastic dominance in the general k -prospect case. Our method is based on subsampling bootstrap. We show that the resulting test is consistent. We allow for correlation amongst the prospects and for the observations to be autocorrelated over time. Importantly, the prospects may be the residuals from certain conditional models.
Sec Interpretation: Management's Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations; Certain Investment Company Disclosures, United States: Securities And Exchange Commission (Sec)
Sec Interpretation: Management's Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations; Certain Investment Company Disclosures, United States: Securities And Exchange Commission (Sec)
Documents
No abstract provided.
Global Environmental Governance: Options & Opportunities, Daniel C. Esty, Maria H. Ivanova
Global Environmental Governance: Options & Opportunities, Daniel C. Esty, Maria H. Ivanova
Yale School of the Environment Publications Series
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Gut Chemistry In Marine Bivalves On The Assimilation Of Metals From Ingested Sediment Particles, Sarah B. Griscom, Nicholas S. Fisher, Robert C. Aller, Byeong-Gweon Lee
Effects Of Gut Chemistry In Marine Bivalves On The Assimilation Of Metals From Ingested Sediment Particles, Sarah B. Griscom, Nicholas S. Fisher, Robert C. Aller, Byeong-Gweon Lee
Journal of Marine Research
Bioavailability and uptake of trace metals by benthic animals are often assumed to be limited by authigenic sulfide minerals because of their low metal solubilities and reactivities under sedimentary conditions. However, digestive processes and gut conditions such as Eh, pH, and enzyme or surfactant activity, can affect the release of ingested metals in the gut and control uptake. In a series of laboratory experiments with the deposit-feeding clam, Macoma balthica and the suspension-feeding mussel, Mytilus edulis, we assessed assimilation efficiencies (AE) of radioisotopes of Ag, Cd and Co associated with acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), iron oxide (re-oxidized AVS), and reduced …
Modeling Of Advective Solute Transport In Sandy Sediments Inhabited By The Lugworm Arenicola Marina, Karen Timmermann, Jan H. Christensen, Gary T. Banta
Modeling Of Advective Solute Transport In Sandy Sediments Inhabited By The Lugworm Arenicola Marina, Karen Timmermann, Jan H. Christensen, Gary T. Banta
Journal of Marine Research
Irrigation by the lugworm Arenicola marina has a major impact on solute transport and distributions in nearshore environments due to the subsurface injection of overlying water at depth (typically 15-20 cm) and the resulting advective water flow within the sediment back toward the sediment surface. A mechanistic one-dimensional diffusion and advection model which emphasizes the injection and advective transport of solutes within the sediment not described in previous irrigation models was developed to describe irrigation by A. marina. The model was verified by comparing its results to measured pore-water tracer (Br) profiles and it is concluded that the model …
Structure Of The Internal Boundary Layer Over A Patch Of Pinnid Bivalves (Atrina Zelandica) In An Estuary, Vladimir Nikora, Malcolm O. Green, Simon F. Thrush, Terry M. Hume, Derek Goring
Structure Of The Internal Boundary Layer Over A Patch Of Pinnid Bivalves (Atrina Zelandica) In An Estuary, Vladimir Nikora, Malcolm O. Green, Simon F. Thrush, Terry M. Hume, Derek Goring
Journal of Marine Research
Measurements of tidal-current boundary-layer flow over an experimental 2-m by 2-m patch of pinnid bivalves (Atrina zelandica) in a northern New Zealand estuary are presented. Previous work demonstrated a link between "mesoscale" (order 100 m) patchiness of the benthic biota and time-averaged boundary-layer dynamics. The aim in this new experiment was to describe the three-dimensional structure of turbulence at the patch scale (order 1 m). Flow over three densities of Atrina was investigated: 340 individuals per 4 m2, 50 individuals per 4 m2 and zero individuals. An internal boundary layer (IBL) grows downstream from the …
Physical And Biogeochemical Fluxes And Net Budgets In The Subpolar And Temperate North Atlantic, Marta Álvarez, Harry L. Bryden, Fiz F. Pérez, Aida F. Ríos, Gabriel Rosón
Physical And Biogeochemical Fluxes And Net Budgets In The Subpolar And Temperate North Atlantic, Marta Álvarez, Harry L. Bryden, Fiz F. Pérez, Aida F. Ríos, Gabriel Rosón
Journal of Marine Research
A transoceanic hydrographic section across the North Atlantic Subpolar gyre from Vigo (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) to Cape Farewell (south of Greenland) was sampled in summer 1997 as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment program (WOCE A25, 4x cruise). The circulation pattern across the 4x section is diagnosed using inverse methods. The flow is constrained with measured mass transports at specific sites, while conserving mass and salt for the region north of the section and forcing the silicate flux to a reasonable value. The fluxes of physical (heat and freshwater) and chemical (nutrients and oxygen) properties are estimated and decomposed …
Mixing In The Surface Waters Of The Western Bay Of Bengal Using 228ra And 226ra, R. Rengarajan, M. M. Sarin, B. L. K. Somayajulu, R. Suhasini
Mixing In The Surface Waters Of The Western Bay Of Bengal Using 228ra And 226ra, R. Rengarajan, M. M. Sarin, B. L. K. Somayajulu, R. Suhasini
Journal of Marine Research
228Ra and 226Ra have been measured in the surface waters of the western Bay of Bengal during five cruises conducted between 1988 and 1999. The ranges and mean (given in brackets) concentrations for 228Ra and 226Ra are 6.8-42.1 (17.8 ± 7.9) dpm/100 kg and 6.0-16.7 (9.2 ± 2.2) dpm/ 100 kg, respectively. (228Ra/226Ra) Activity Ratio (henceforth denoted as [228/226]) ranges from 0.8 to 3.4 with a mean of 1.9 ± 0.5. Both 228Ra and 226Ra show inverse correlation with salinity, the former much stronger. A surface 2-D diffusion-advection model is …
Renewal Time And Transport Of Unventilated Central Intermediate Water Of The Weddell Sea Derived From Biogeochemical Properties, Mario Hoppema, Hein J. W. De Baar, Eberhard Fahrbach, Richard G. J. Bellerby
Renewal Time And Transport Of Unventilated Central Intermediate Water Of The Weddell Sea Derived From Biogeochemical Properties, Mario Hoppema, Hein J. W. De Baar, Eberhard Fahrbach, Richard G. J. Bellerby
Journal of Marine Research
We have investigated the intermediate water mass of the central Weddell Gyre using TCO2 and oxygen data of FS Polarstern cruises in 1992, 1996 and 1998. This water mass, designated as Central Intermediate Water (CIW), is enriched in CO2 and depleted in O2 relative to its source water due to biological degradation. CO2 enrichment and O2 depletion were quantified by calculating the difference between the concentrations in the CIW and those in the more southern source water, the Circumpolar Deep Water, which derives from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Inventories of enrichment and depletion were determined …
Transport And Digestive Alteration Of Uniformly 13c-Labeled Diatoms In Mudflat Sediments, Carrie J. Thomas, Neal E. Blair
Transport And Digestive Alteration Of Uniformly 13c-Labeled Diatoms In Mudflat Sediments, Carrie J. Thomas, Neal E. Blair
Journal of Marine Research
Uniformly 13C-labeled diatoms were used to elucidate the effect deposit feeders have on the distribution and composition of phytodetritus within the seabed. Mudflat infauna contained in microcosms reacted quickly to the emplacement of labeled diatoms onto the sediment-water interface by moving the phytodetritus nonlocally during feeding and hoeing activities. Although redistribution of tracer was rapid, not all infauna exposed to the tracer ingested it. Using four species of deposit-feeding annelids that had ingested the 13C-labeled phytodetritus during the microcosm experiment, molecular-level, digestive alterations of 13C-labeled diatoms were documented. Fecal material produced by the deposit feeders had 13 …
Tracing Amazon River Water Into The Caribbean Sea, Ferdi L. Hellweger, Arnoldo L. Gordon
Tracing Amazon River Water Into The Caribbean Sea, Ferdi L. Hellweger, Arnoldo L. Gordon
Journal of Marine Research
Monthly Amazon River discharge is correlated to historical monthly sea surface salinity (SSS) in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. At Barbados a very high inverse correlation (R2 = 0.92) exists if the discharge is lagged by two months, which corresponds to the travel time from the Amazon mouth to Barbados. Due to its proximity to Barbados, a small amount of the correlation can also be attributed to the Orinoco River. Between Barbados and the central Caribbean Sea (75W) the peak correlation of Amazon River discharge and SSS occurs at progressively longer lag times, representing …
Meridional Transport In The Indian Ocean Traced By Coral Radiocarbon, Nancy S. Grumet, Thomas P. Guilderson, Robert B. Dunbar
Meridional Transport In The Indian Ocean Traced By Coral Radiocarbon, Nancy S. Grumet, Thomas P. Guilderson, Robert B. Dunbar
Journal of Marine Research
Ocean circulation in the Indian Ocean is predominantly driven by the monsoon and is responsible for convergence along the equator. As a result, upwelling is primarily restricted to the western boundary where surface waters are anomalously depleted in 14C. Here, we describe aspects of western boundary upwelling based on insights derived from the first coral radiocarbon time-series in the Indian Ocean. The absence of a distinct subannual pre-bomb Δ14C signal suggests that open and coastal upwelling are negligible off the coast of Kenya. Instead, our results suggest that upwelling from the coast of Somalia and possibly Oman …
Flume Experiments On Post-Settlement Movement In Polychaetes, Karen I. Stocks
Flume Experiments On Post-Settlement Movement In Polychaetes, Karen I. Stocks
Journal of Marine Research
The ability of benthic polychaetes to move as adults and juveniles was examined using flume experiments. The main question asked was whether post-settlement movement is a passive process predictable from the hydrodynamic characteristics of the environment and the individual, or whether active behavior is involved. In one set of experiments, the percent of individuals moving during a six-hour period in low-food conditions was compared among five species of intertidal polychaetes. Flow speed was set at a velocity that did not cause sediment erosion but did cause bedload transport of anesthetized individuals. Species varied significantly in percent of movement, with Laeonereis …
Internal Gravity Wave Frequencies And Wavenumbers From Single Point Measurements Over A Slope, S. A. Thorpe, L. Umlauf
Internal Gravity Wave Frequencies And Wavenumbers From Single Point Measurements Over A Slope, S. A. Thorpe, L. Umlauf
Journal of Marine Research
It is shown that information about the intrinsic frequency of internal inertial gravity waves, together with their vector wavenumber and their steepness spectrum, may be derived using data from a meter recording current and temperature just above a uniform sloping boundary. The analysis assumes that, over the periods of time in which estimates are made, the local mean buoyancy frequency, N, and temperature gradient are uniform, and the bottom slope, α, is constant over the scale of the observed waves and is known. It is further assumed that, during short periods of analysis, the internal wave field is dominated …
Recent Turbidite Deposition In The Eastern Atlantic: Early Diagenesis And Biotic Recovery, P. Anschutz, F. J. Jorissen, G. Chaillou, R. Abu-Zied, C. Fontanier
Recent Turbidite Deposition In The Eastern Atlantic: Early Diagenesis And Biotic Recovery, P. Anschutz, F. J. Jorissen, G. Chaillou, R. Abu-Zied, C. Fontanier
Journal of Marine Research
An interface core taken in Capbreton canyon shows a succession of sedimentary facies interpreted as classical Bouma turbiditic sequences. Activities of 234Th and 210Pb suggest that the deposition of the most recent turbidite was triggered by the violent storm that affected the Atlantic coast of southern France on the 27th of December 1999, about four months before the sampling of the core. This turbidite allows us to study the ongoing diagenesis of the new sediment layer and of the previous sediment-water interface, which has been buried and only slightly eroded. A study of benthic foraminiferal populations informs …
Fe Redox Cycling In Iberian Continental Margin Sediments (Ne Atlantic), Claar Van Der Zee, Wim Van Raaphorst, Willem Helder
Fe Redox Cycling In Iberian Continental Margin Sediments (Ne Atlantic), Claar Van Der Zee, Wim Van Raaphorst, Willem Helder
Journal of Marine Research
In this paper, data are presented on the vertical distribution of pore water Fe2+, ferrozine-extractable Fe2+ and solid phase Fe in sediments along four across-slope transects including the Nazarécanyon at the Iberian margin. Sorbed Fe2+ cannot be measured directly and is operationally defined as the fraction that can be extracted with ferrozine. Our objectives were (1) to investigate the potential role of Fe2+ sorption in the Fe redox cycle, (2) to quantify Fe redox cycling and (3) to determine its rate limiting factors, with emphasis on differences between stations across the slope and in the …
A Four-Year Eddy-Permitting Assimilation Of Sea-Surface Temperature And Altimetric Data In The South Atlantic Ocean, Thierry Penduff, Pierre Brasseur, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Bernard Barnier, Jacques Verron
A Four-Year Eddy-Permitting Assimilation Of Sea-Surface Temperature And Altimetric Data In The South Atlantic Ocean, Thierry Penduff, Pierre Brasseur, Charles-Emmanuel Testut, Bernard Barnier, Jacques Verron
Journal of Marine Research
Sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-surface height (SSH) data are assimilated with a reduced-order sequential filter every 10 days over four years (1993-1996) in a 1/3-degree resolution South Atlantic primitive equation model. At every assimilation step, the misfit between observations and their model counterparts is evaluated and projected onto the dominant 10 multivariate, full-depth local modes of variability diagnosed from a free model run (without assimilation). Satellite observations are used to perform a sequential update of all model variables according to their "natural" correlations with the surface variables. In this paper, we perform a validation of both the mean state and …
Microvascular Oscillations Elicited Locally By Combined Iontophoresis Of Phenylephrine And Acupressure, Frederick C. Lewis
Microvascular Oscillations Elicited Locally By Combined Iontophoresis Of Phenylephrine And Acupressure, Frederick C. Lewis
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
An Appraisal Of Hong Kong's Public Hospital System In 2001, Yee-Bun Benjamin Lui
An Appraisal Of Hong Kong's Public Hospital System In 2001, Yee-Bun Benjamin Lui
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Transplantation Ameliorates The Hypercoagulability Of Endstage Renal Disease, Fred Aslan
Transplantation Ameliorates The Hypercoagulability Of Endstage Renal Disease, Fred Aslan
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
The Use Of Opioid Analgesics For Chronic Noncancer Pain And The Management Of Opioid Analgesic Misuse : A Survey Of Primary Care Physicians, Anita Roshani Chandrasena
The Use Of Opioid Analgesics For Chronic Noncancer Pain And The Management Of Opioid Analgesic Misuse : A Survey Of Primary Care Physicians, Anita Roshani Chandrasena
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Numerical Solution Of The Two-Layer Shallow Water Equations With Bottom Topography, Rick Salmon
Numerical Solution Of The Two-Layer Shallow Water Equations With Bottom Topography, Rick Salmon
Journal of Marine Research
We present a simple, robust numerical method for solving the two-layer shallow water equations with arbitrary bottom topography. Using the technique of operator splitting, we write the equations as a pair of hyperbolic systems with readily computed characteristics, and apply third-order-upwind differences to the resulting wave equations. To prevent the thickness of either layer from vanishing, we modify the dynamics, inserting an artificial form of potential energy that becomes very large as the layer becomes very thin. Compared to high-order Riemann schemes with flux or slope limiters, our method is formally more accurate, probably less dissipative, and certainly more efficient. …
Floral Patterns In The California Current System Off Southern California: 1990–1996, E. L. Venrick
Floral Patterns In The California Current System Off Southern California: 1990–1996, E. L. Venrick
Journal of Marine Research
In 1990, CalCOFI cruises began routine collection of samples for the enumeration of phytoplankton species. From each quarterly cruise, nearsurface samples from 34 stations are pooled into four regional samples prior to counting. This paper summarizes the first 6.5 years of the program in order to identify major large-scale patterns of species composition and fluctuations. A total of 312 species were recognized during this study. Recurrent group analysis defines two major floral clusters. The first is composed of diatoms characteristic of enriched regions. This cluster is most abundant in the northeastern region and often attains maximum abundances in the spring. …
Zooplankton Biomass And Indices Of Feeding And Metabolism In Relation To An Upwelling Filament Off Northwest Africa, S. Hernández-León, C. Almeida, A. Portillo-Hahnefeld, M. Gómez, J. M. Rodríguez, J. Arístegui
Zooplankton Biomass And Indices Of Feeding And Metabolism In Relation To An Upwelling Filament Off Northwest Africa, S. Hernández-León, C. Almeida, A. Portillo-Hahnefeld, M. Gómez, J. M. Rodríguez, J. Arístegui
Journal of Marine Research
Zooplankton biomass and indices of grazing (gut fluorescence), respiration (electron transfer system activity, ETS) and growth (aspartate transcarbamylase, ATC) were studied in relation to an upwelling filament off northwest Africa during August 1993. The filament extended 150 km offshore into the oligotrophic waters. It was generated by a trapped, quasi-permanent cyclonic eddy located between the Canary Islands and the African shelf. High biomass, specific gut fluorescence and electron transfer system activity in zooplankton were observed along the filament structure. In contrast, low values of biomass, gut fluorescence, ETS and ATC specific activities were found in the center of the trapped …
The Long-Term Effects Of Malnutrition On Iq And Adaptive Behavior In Indonesian Children, Kinari E. Webb
The Long-Term Effects Of Malnutrition On Iq And Adaptive Behavior In Indonesian Children, Kinari E. Webb
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.