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Monitoring The Meridional Overturning Circulation In The North Atlantic: A Model-Based Array Design Study, Johanna Baehr, Jöel Hirschi, Jens-Olaf Beismann, Jochem Marotzke

Journal of Marine Research

A monitoring system for the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is deployed into an "eddy-permitting" numerical model (FLAME) at three different latitudes in the North Atlantic Ocean. The MOC is estimated by adding contributions related to Ekman transports to those associated with the zonally integrated vertical velocity shear. Ekman transports are inferred from surface wind stress, whereas the velocity shear is derived from continuous density "observations," principally near the eastern and western boundaries, employing thermal wind balance. The objective is to test the method and array setups for possible real observation in the ocean at the chosen latitudes and to guide …

The Effect Of Topography On The Steady-State Wind And Buoyancy-Driven Subtropical Gyre, L. A. Walkington, A. J. Willmott

Journal of Marine Research

This paper studies the impact of topography and increased vertical resolution on steady-state wind and buoyancy-driven circulation in the Subtropical Gyre. Buoyancy driving is represented by mass exchange across the interface separating layers of constant density. The mass exchange in turn is parameterized in terms of the departure of a layer thickness from a reference value. A 2-layer ocean model is developed that incorporates topography that depends on the meridional co-ordinate, and the problem reduces to solving a first order partial differential equation governing the upper layer inverse planetary potential vorticity. Two distinct families of characteristic curves are required to …

Potential Vorticity Dynamics In A Domain With Closed Geostrophic Contours. I: Steady Linear Flows, Andrew E. Kiss

Journal of Marine Research

Inertia-less wind-driven barotropic flow with lateral and Ekman friction is investigated in circular basins with various bathymetries. The focus is on the vorticity dynamics of flow in basins encircled by continental shelves, a bathymetry which allows a recirculating flow at lowest order because the geostrophic contours are distorted into closed loops which do not intersect the boundary. In general the wind forcing and friction will not balance everywhere, and the potential vorticity lost to the wind must be recovered elsewhere on each streamline. This recovery takes place in a "western" boundary current if geostrophic contours intersect the boundary, but the …

Oxygen Variability In The Near-Surface Waters Of The Northern North Atlantic: Observations And A Model, Peter Lazarevich, Tom Rossby, Craig Mcneil

Journal of Marine Research

As part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment a major study was undertaken to determine the absolute circulation of the Subpolar North Atlantic using a large number of acoustically tracked isopycnal floats deployed on the 27.5 σ_ surface. Fifty floats were equipped with sensors to study dissolved oxygen from a Lagrangian perspective. In this paper we comment on very large variations in oxygen along trajectories of fluid parcels that outcrop in winter and resubduct the following spring. We employ a one-dimensional model to interpret these in terms of biophysical processes at and near the surface. In an attempt to …

Observations Of Wind Influence On Exchange Flows In A Strait Of The Chilean Inland Sea, Arnoldo Valle-Levinson, José Luis Blanco

Journal of Marine Research

A > 100-day time series of velocity profiles, sea level and wind velocity at a strait in the Chilean Inland Sea was analyzed to examine the effects of wind forcing on the mean two-layer exchange. Measurements took place in the Meninea Constriction of the Moraleda Channel during a period dominated by northerly winds. The mean flow in the strait, and in general in the Moraleda Channel, showed net surface northward outflow and net bottom southward inflow that likely resulted from the dynamical balance between pressure gradient and friction. The influence of tidal mixing on mean exchange flows was further suggested by …

Diffusivity And Viscosity Dependence In The Linear Thermocline, J. H. Lacasce

Journal of Marine Research

We re-visit the linear model of a thermally-driven ocean in a single hemisphere, to understand dependencies on viscosity and mixing. We focus in particular on the vertical and surface velocities. In all cases, the meridional and vertical flows are intensified near the boundaries; as a result, the overturning depends on viscosity. The two types of viscosity we examine (Rayleigh damping and diffusion with the no-slip condition) yield significantly different boundary transports. This in turn can cause large changes in the surface velocities. We observe a single-gyre surface circulation with a diffusive viscosity but two gyres with the Rayleigh. We also …

Network Mechanisms For Loss Of Consciousness In Epilepsy, Kathryn Adamiak Davis

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations : Clinical Manifestations And Embolotherapy, Ashraf Thabet

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Genetic Taste Variation And Mixture Suppression : Effects Of Prop (6-N-Propylthiouracil), Jenny Huiju Yiee

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre I: Circulation Control By Eddy Vorticity Fluxes To An Enhanced Removal Region, Baylor Fox-Kemper, Joseph Pedlosky

Journal of Marine Research

It is well known that the barotropic, wind-driven, single-gyre ocean model reaches an inertially-dominated equilibrium with unrealistic circulation strength when the explicit viscosity is reduced to realistically low values. It is shown here that the overall circulation strength can be controlled nonlocally by retaining thin regions of enhanced viscosity parameterizing the effects of increased mixing and topographic interaction near the boundaries. The control is possible even when the inertial boundary layer width is larger than the enhanced viscosity region, as eddy fluxes of vorticity from the interior transport vorticity across the mean streamlines of the inertial boundary current to the …

Wind-Driven Barotropic Gyre Ii: Effects Of Eddies And Low Interior Viscosity, Baylor Fox-Kemper

Journal of Marine Research

Using boundary-enhanced viscosity to control the mean circulation, a simple model can be created and used for study of strong inertial effects in a western-intensified calculation. The simplicity allows for a greater number of strongly-inertial numerical experiments than computationally feasible in a general circulation model. This paper is an introduction to the behavior of this model, covering its general features. Some of the inertial phenomena, including the primary balances of the boundary current and basin interior, the temporal behavior, and the changes in the mean state across parameter space are presented. The analysis of these phenomena focuses on the effects …

Observed Mechanisms Of El Nino Sst Evolution In The Pacific, P. Niiler, D. K. Lee, J. Moisan

Journal of Marine Research

Tropical Pacific Ocean SST and velocity observations are used to construct NINO3 and NINO4 area average, 20-year long interannual time series of local and advective convergences of thermal energy. The variability of the sum of these observed convergences in each region is balanced by the vertical convergence of thermal energy due to the latent surface flux (86% in NINO3; 84% in NINO4). The latitude scale of the El Nino SST anomalies is shown to be equal to the ratio of the poleward mean speed of water parcels to the time scale at which thermal energy is given back to the …

Patient Age, Number And Type Of Clinical Encounters, And Provider Advice To Quit Smoking. Brfss 2000, Sean C. Lucan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this study was to determine how often smoking patients receive quit advice and if patient age, and number and type of clinical encounters are associated with odds of receipt. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2000 data were used to study 10,582 smokers (aged ≥ 18) having ≥ 1 of three types of clinical encounters in the past year: routine checkups, other physician encounters, or dental visits. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for quit advice by patient age, encounter type, and number of doctor's visits were calculated. Almost 55% of patients were advised to quit smoking. There was …

Does Prison Harden Inmates? A Discontinuity-Based Approach, Keith M. Chen, Jesse M. Shapiro

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Some two million Americans are currently incarcerated, with roughly six hundred thousand to be released this year. Despite this, little is known about the effects of confinement conditions on the post-release lives of inmates. Focusing on post-release criminal activity, we identify the causal effect of prison conditions on recidivism rates by exploiting a discontinuity in the assignment of federal prisoners to security levels. We find that harsher prison conditions are associated with significantly more post-release crime.

Bulletin Of Yale University School Of Nursing 2004-2005, Yale School Of Nursing

Yale School of Nursing Bulletins and Catalogues

Series 100, Number 14

September 5, 2004

Knowledge Of Hiv/Aids And Attitudes About Condom Use Among Nigerian University Students, Ugonna Ada Duru

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Birth Weight As A Risk Factor For Autism Spectrum Disorders : A Pilot Study And Case-Control Study, Virginia Grace Cohen

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.

Dealing With Financial Fragility In Transition Economies, John Bonin, Paul Wachtel

Documents

No abstract provided.

The Banking Act, Bank Of Jamaica

Documents

No abstract provided.

Community Guidelines On State Aid For Rescuing And Restructuring Firms In Difficulty, European Union: European Commission

Documents

Communication from the Commission: Community Guidelines on State Aid for Rescuing and Restructuring Firms in Difficulty

Fussing And Fuming Over Fannie And Freddie: How Much Smoke, How Much Fire?, W. Scott Frame, Lawrence J. White

Documents

No abstract provided.

Glass-Steagall: The American Nightmare That Became The Israeli Dream, Ehud Ofer

Documents

No abstract provided.

Financial Regulation In Japan: A Sixth Year Review Of The Financial Services Agency, Takeo Hoshi, Takatoshi Ito

Documents

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of The Crisis – Decline And Recovery, Joseph J. Stern

Documents

https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/cid/publications/faculty-working-papers/asian-financial-crisis-decline-recovery

Public Asset Management Companies In East Asia: A Comparative Study, Ben S. C. Fung, Jason George, Stefan Hohl, Guonan Ma

Documents

No abstract provided.

Ofheo Report Of Examination- Freddie Mac, United States: Office Of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (Ofheo)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Ofheo Fannie Mae Report Of Annual Examination, 2004, United States: Office Of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (Ofheo)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Gao Predatory Lending Report To The Special Committee On Aging, U.S. Senateon Aging, United States: Government Accountability Office (Gao)

Documents

No abstract provided.

"In Search Of Moslems In China:" The Story Of A Journey Through Northwest China, April 30-July 2, 1936, Claude L. Pickens, Jr.

Yale Divinity Library Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.

Electrocardiographic Changes In Children Treated With Ziprasidone : A Prospective Study And Review, Jennifer Melissa Blair

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

No abstract provided.