Digital Commons Network^™

Developing Metabolism-Targeting Adjuvants To Immunotherapy In Murine Melanoma, Xinyi Zhang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer type, causing 8000 deaths per year in the United States. The development of immunotherapy significantly prolongs the survival of cancer patients, including patients with melanoma. By impairing the inhibitory signaling pathway, immunotherapy, for example anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, reinforces the anti-tumor effector function of T cells that recognize cancer cells and therefore suppresses tumor progression. However, the problem of low responsiveness and development of resistance significantly prevents a large proportion of patients from benefiting from immunotherapy. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop adjuvants to increase the efficacy of immunotherapy. Metabolic alterations have long …

Deep Learning For Multi-Modal Tomography Imaging: Radiation Dose, Image Artifacts, And Acquisition Time Reductions, Bo Zhou

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

PET-CT/MRI is the most used multi-modal tomography imaging exam which can provide both functional and anatomical information from a single exam and aid clinical decision-making. The CT/MRI component focuses on visualizing the anatomical structures, and the PET component focuses on visualizing molecular-level functional activities in tissues. Millions of PET-CT/MRI scans were performed each year worldwide with wide applications in oncology, cardiology, neurology, and biomedical research. While being an indispensable multi-modal tomography imaging tool in medicine, PET-CT/MRI has several key issues limiting its broader impacts on patients, including 1) the potential hazard caused by radiation dose from the PET and CT, …

Essays On Demand Estimation, Jaewon Lee

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This thesis comprises two chapters in industrial organization, focusing on econometric methods for estimating discrete choice demand models. The first chapter discusses how we can adapt, in a computationally feasible way, a weak-identification robust inference method that is otherwise computationally very expensive. The second chapter demonstrates how the conventional method of gauging the accuracy of the demand estimator may be incorrect when a well-known type of instrumental variable is employed, and studies how we can apply correlation-robust variance estimators as a remedy. The first chapter proposes an approach to inference on BLP-style demand models when instruments are potentially weak. I …

Criticality In Majorana Wires, Vladislav Kurilovich

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The interest in exotic excitations motivates an on-going effort to engineer a one-dimensional topological superconductor. Such a superconducting wire is expected to host Majorana zero modes at its ends, whose properties might be useful for the development of a fault-tolerant quantum computer. There are many proposed ways to construct a Majorana wire out of a conventional superconductor and a semiconductor. In most of them, the transition between topologically trivial and non-trivial phases occurs with an application of magnetic field. Experiments attempting to implement the proposals, however, provide inconclusive evidence for the presence of Majorana zero modes. While the basic signatures …

Communities Of Practice To Improve The Delivery Of Contact Tracing For Tuberculosis By Community Health Workers: Antecedents And Mechanisms Of Action, Rachel Hennein

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Background: Community health workers (CHWs) play a key role in expanding access to health services. Providing CHWs with high-quality and relevant training is critical to facilitate their performance. Communities of Practice (CoPs) are a low-cost implementation strategy to promote continuous learning. CoPs are groups of professionals with a common goal who meet regularly, support each other, share knowledge, and innovate solutions. CoPs have been used within the health field to promote the delivery of evidence-based care by healthcare workers; however, there are a few gaps in our understanding of their utility. For example, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of …

Secrets Of Inheritance: Modernism And The Afterlives Of Jewish Literature, Evan Goldstein

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation offers a new theory of the relationship between Jewish literature and Jewish identity in European modernity. Taking up the perennially troubling case of literary modernism, I argue that Jewish writers reject the reproductive logics of Jewish identity politics by theorizing a literary mode of relationality. I term this mode of relationality aesthetic afterlife. This concept refuses the figures of blood, descent, and race that dominate Jewish identity discourse in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Amid a biopolitical imaginary that privileges the legibility of Jewish bodies as the sign of Jewish collective vitality and continuity, Jewish modernists celebrate the …

Search For Time-Reversal-Symmetry Violation In Thallium Fluoride Using A Cryogenic Buffer-Gas Beam Source, Jakob Kastelic

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The CeNTREX experiment aims to provide a 30-fold increase in sensitivity over the best present upper bounds on the strength of time-violating fundamental interactions by measuring shifts in nuclear resonant frequencies in thallium fluoride. We describe the motivation for studying these time-violating interactions, and provide an overview of past work. We present the current measurement scheme for this experiment. Since the apparatus is still under construction, we present the components already built, with focus on the beam source and magnetic field control.

Portugal: Banco Espírito Santo Restructuring, 2014, Salil Gupta

Journal of Financial Crises

Banco Espírito Santo (BES) was the second-largest private bank in Portugal in 2014, with assets of EUR 80 billion (USD 81 billion). A capital increase of EUR 1.1 billion to the BES was concluded on market terms in June 2014. In July 2014, BES breached minimum capital requirements and reported a EUR 3.6 billion loss owing to improper loans made to the nonfinancial arm of the Espírito Santo (ES) group. The Bank of Portugal (BOP) adopted a resolution measure for BES on August 3, 2014, to safeguard financial stability by protecting all depositors and ensuring continuation of operating activities of …

Latvia: Parex Bank Restructuring, 2008, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

Heading into the Global Financial Crisis, JSC Parex banka was Latvia’s second-largest bank in terms of assets, comprising 13.8% of total assets in the Latvian banking sector. In autumn 2008, Parex faced a capital shortfall due to massive credit and market losses in addition to increasing liquidity problems and deposit runs of 240 million Latvian lats (USD 428.6 million). Parex had two senior syndicated loans maturing in February and June 2009, totaling EUR 775 million (USD 992 million), or nearly one-sixth of the bank’s total liabilities. Latvian authorities doubted that Parex would be able to pay back, extend, or replace …

Italy: Restructuring Of Four Banks, 2015, Salil Gupta

Journal of Financial Crises

The Italian government and Bank of Italy (BoI) presented a collective plan to resolve the crisis at four regional banks in Italy in November 2015, to safeguard the local economies in which these small and medium-size banks were located. The four banks had suffered from low or negative equity capital due to losses in loans to small and medium enterprises and retail clients and were placed under special administration between 2013 and 2015, with unsuccessful attempts to raise private capital. Italian regulators split each bank into a bridge or new bank, comprising all the good assets and liabilities of the …

Denmark: Roskilde Bank Restructuring, 2008, Bailey Decker

Journal of Financial Crises

Roskilde Bank A/S was the eighth-largest bank in Denmark at the time of the Global Financial Crisis, with 43 billion Danish kroner (DKK; USD 9.1 billion) in consolidated assets as of March 2008. Roskilde had considerable exposure to real estate and construction markets, prompting ratings downgrades and larger write-downs than expected. On July 10, 2008, Roskilde asked for liquidity assistance from the Danish central bank, Danmarks Nationalbank (DNB). DNB and the banking sector group, Private Contingency Association (PCA), announced emergency liquidity assistance in the form of an unlimited credit facility to Roskilde on July 10, 2008, conditioned on Roskilde’s full …

Austria: Heta Asset Resolution Restructuring, 2015, Bailey Decker, Eming Shyu

Journal of Financial Crises

Hypo Alpe Adria (HAA) was Austria’s sixth-largest bank by assets at the time of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009. HAA pursued a growth strategy in southeastern Europe in the years preceding the GFC—emboldened by a liability guarantee from the Austrian state of Carinthia—which proved troublesome for HAA’s loan portfolio and led to large write-downs in autumn 2008. From December 2008 to April 2014, Austria provided EUR 5.8 billion in total capital injections—during which time the government nationalized HAA. Per European Commission (EC) authorization of State Aid, Austria had to submit a restructuring plan, which the EC approved in …

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Péter Ákos Bod, Péter Ákos Bod, Matthew A. Lieber

Documents

The Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS) interviewed Péter Ákos Bod regarding his experience and expertise on economic policymaking in Hungary

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Andrew Williams, Andrew Williams, Mercedes Cardona

Documents

The Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS) interviewed Andrew Williams about his time as deputy assistant secretary for public affairs, at the US Department of the Treasury, where he served as spokesman for Secretary Timothy Geithner in 2009–10. Williams was previously VP of media relations and public affairs at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) in 2007–2009 and served Geithner’s spokesman when he was president of the FRBNY.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Ádám Banai, Ádám Banai, Matthew A. Lieber, Salil Gupta

Documents

The Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS) interviewed Ádám Banai regarding his time as an analyst and director of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and in the subsequent era to date.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Ádám Balog, Ádám Balog, Matthew A. Lieber

Documents

The Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS) interviewed Ádám Balog regarding his ex-perience as a top government official in Hungary’s Ministry of Economy and the central bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) during the aftermath of the Global Fi-nancial Crisis (GFC). Balog gained his initial professional experience as a business and financial consultant for private multinational corporations in the second decade of Hunga-ry’s transition to market economics system.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Júlia Király, Júlia Király, Matthew A. Lieber

Documents

The Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS) interviewed Julia Király about her time as deputy governor of the National Bank of Hungary (Magyar Nemzeti Bank, or MNB) and, more specifically, her involvement in Hungary’s response to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC).

Natural Language Processing Implementation: Electronic Medical Record Alerts For Child Abuse, James Robbins

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Suspected child abuse in emergency departments is best managed by a specialist team trained to distinguish abuse from non-abuse. Previous researchers have developed clinical decision support tools to aid frontline clinicians recognize often subtle signs of child abuse. However, little is published about the success of integration of these tools into clinical practice. Our objective is to explore the efficacy of a natural language processing tool developed and validated by researchers at Yale by measuring changes in referral rates to Yale’s child protection team before and after implementation of the tool in the form of electronic medical record alerts. This …

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Miguel Carcaño, Miguel Carcaño, Mercedes Cardona

Documents

No abstract provided.

One Year Later: Lessons Learned From The March 2023 Bank Failures, Brookings Hutchins Center On Fiscal & Monetary Policy

Documents

No abstract provided.

Comic Legacies Of The Japanese Silver Screen, Aaron Gerow, Xavi Sawada, David Baasch, Eugene Kwon, Adam Silverman, Anna Tropnikova, Chloe Yan

Film Series Commentaries

Pamphlet created for the film series “Comic Legacies of the Japanese Silver Screen” presented at Yale University from February to April, 2024. Starting with an introduction outlining the history of Japanese film comedy, the pamphlet contains plot summaries and commentaries on the following films:

Buddhist Mass for Goemon Ishikawa (1930, Saitō Torajirō) Fighting Friends (1929, Ozu Yasujirō) Romantic and Crazy (1934, Yamamoto Kajirō) Singing Lovebirds (1939, Makino Masahiro) Akanishi Kakita (1936, Itami Mansaku) Tange Sazen and the Pot Worth a Million Ryō (1935, Yamanaka Sadao) Room for Rent (1959, Kawashima Yūzō) Doctor’s Day Off (1952, Shibuya Minoru) Oh, My Bomb! …

Early Childhood Intervention For The Poor: Long Term Outcomes, Alison Andrew, Orazio Attanasio, Britta Augsburg, Lina Cardosa, Monimalika Day, Michele Giannola, Sally Grantham-Mcgregor, Pamela Jervis, Costas Meghir, Marta Rubio Codina

Discussion Papers

Early childhood interventions aim to promote skill acquisition and poverty reduction. While their short-term success is well established, research on longer-term effectiveness is scarce, particularly in LDCs. We present results of a randomized scalable intervention in India, that affected developmental outcomes in the short-term, including cognition (0.36 SD p=0.005), receptive language (0.26 SD p=0.03) and expressive language (0.21 SD p=0.03). After 4.5 years, when the children were on average 7.5 years old, IQ was no longer affected, but impacts persisted relative to the control group in numeracy (0.330 SD, p=0.007) and literacy (0.272 SD, p=0.064) driven by the most disadvantaged.

The Intersection Of Monetary Policy, Market Functioning, And Liquidity Risk Management, Michael S. Barr

Documents

No abstract provided.

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Ignazio Visco, Ignazio Visco, Mercedes Cardona

Documents

No abstract provided.

A Hero's Journey: Experiences Using A Therapeutic Comicbook In A Children’S Psychiatric Inpatient Unit, Idil Yazgan

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Children’s mental health care has been on the decline since the start of the century. The COVID-19 pandemic further unearthed this significant worsening of mental health in children with heightened levels of anxiety, depression, loneliness, anger, and fatigue leading to an increase in the number of emergency room visits and inpatient hospitalizations. Art and narrative-based interventions are known to improve patient outcomes and are a crucial component of pediatric inpatient psychiatric care. We discuss the process of adoption of a novel therapeutic comic book that was developed for children admitted to the hospital in a psychiatric inpatient unit at Yale-New …

Genetic Contributions To Thoracic Aortic Disease, Ellelan Arega Degife

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

AimsThoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections are significant yet under-recognized threats in cardiovascular health, often remaining undetected until catastrophic events occur. This study aims to explore the genetic landscape of thoracic aortic diseases, focusing on genetic mutations contributing to thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) and dissection. It also seeks to refine the size criteria for surgical intervention in TAA, aiding clinicians in decision-making and improving patient outcomes.

MethodsThe study employed a comprehensive literature review, focusing on the genetic aspects of thoracic aortic diseases. In addition to a systematic MEDLINE search, the investigation used the Genomics England PanelApp to identify genes associated with …

Spinal Infections: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management, Meera Madhav Dhodapkar

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Spine infections fall under one of two major categories, primary spinal infections as well as postoperative spine infections. Both of these events are rare but associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and the diagnosis as well as optimal intervention strategy utilized for management is not always clear. In particular, postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) is a rare but potentially devastating complication. Previous studies have assessed risk factors for postoperative spine SSI and one aimed to develop risk stratification tool to assess management options, but this tool has not been externally validated or regularly used.The current thesis had two primary aims: …

Incidence Of Pathologic Nodal Disease In Clinically Node Negative, Microinvasive/T1a Breast Cancers, Pranammya Dey

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Axillary staging in early-staged breast cancer can impact adjuvant treatment options but is also associated with increased morbidity. The incidence of pathologic nodal positivity in patients with microinvasive or T1a disease by histologic subtype is not well characterized and thus, the value of sentinel node biopsy remains controversial in these patients. We sought to analyze patient demographics and tumor characteristics associated with pathologic nodal disease in patients with clinically node negative (cN0), microinvasive and T1a breast cancers.Women >18 years old with clinically node negative (cN0) and pathologic microinvasive or T1a breast cancer who underwent upfront surgery were identified from the …

Barriers To Methadone For Hiv Prevention Among People Who Inject Drugs In Kazakhstan, Amanda Rachel Liberman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, HIV incidence and mortality continue to increase, and this epidemic is concentrated among people who inject drugs (PWID). In Kazakhstan, the prevalence of HIV among PWID is higher than for any other key population. Opioid agonist therapies like methadone are the only evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder and thus are crucial tools for HIV prevention. Though methadone has been provided for free in Kazakhstan since 2008, less than 1% of PWID currently access this service. An intervention to increase methadone scale-up is necessary, and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) Framework …

Unheard Voices: The Burden Of Ischemia With No Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease In Women, Marah Maayah

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Up to two-thirds of women with IHD suffer from ischemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA), which includes endotypes such as microvascular dysfunction and vasospasm. Due to a lack of clear prognostic data, INOCA has historically been viewed as a benign condition and many women have been dismissed from cardiovascular care, despite refractory symptoms and a risk for adverse outcomes. The objective of this qualitative study is to utilize structured interviews to formally characterize the experience of women with INOCA diagnosed with invasive coronary …