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What Two Canonical Novels Tell Us About Linguistic Prejudice In United States Courts, Charlotte Van Voorhis Aug 2021

What Two Canonical Novels Tell Us About Linguistic Prejudice In United States Courts, Charlotte Van Voorhis

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

In this senior essay, I reflect on how African American English (AAE) is represented and perceived in our society. I establish that it is a regular and systematic variety of English. I investigate two novels, To Kill A Mockingbird and Their Eyes Were Watching God and whether their depictions of AAE accurately reflect its systematicity. I equate inaccurate representation in the novels with the disrespectful treatment of AAE and its speakers in the United States currently. I compare the treatment of AAE in the novels’ trials to its treatment in State of Florida vs. George Zimmerman (2013), in which Rachel …

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Learning Efficiency Of Multi-Agent Information Structures, Mira Frick, Ryota Iijima, Yuhta Ishii Aug 2021

Learning Efficiency Of Multi-Agent Information Structures, Mira Frick, Ryota Iijima, Yuhta Ishii

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study settings in which, prior to playing an incomplete information game, players observe many draws of private signals about the state from some information structure. Signals are i.i.d. across draws, but may display arbitrary correlation across players. For each information structure, we define a simple learning efficiency index, which only considers the statistical distance between the worst-informed player’s marginal signal distributions in different states. We show, first, that this index characterizes the speed of common learning (Cripps, Ely, Mailath, and Samuelson, 2008): In particular, the speed at which players achieve approximate common knowledge of the state coincides with the …

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Learning Efficiency Of Multi-Agent Information Structures, Mira Frick, Ryota Iijima, Yuhta Ishii Aug 2021

Learning Efficiency Of Multi-Agent Information Structures, Mira Frick, Ryota Iijima, Yuhta Ishii

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We study settings in which, prior to playing an incomplete information game, players observe many draws of private signals about the state from some information structure. Signals are i.i.d. across draws, but may display arbitrary correlation across players. For each information structure, we define a simple learning efficiency index, which only considers the statistical distance between the worst-informed player’s marginal signal distributions in different states. We show, first, that this index characterizes the speed of common learning (Cripps, Ely, Mailath, and Samuelson, 2008): In particular, the speed at which players achieve approximate common knowledge of the state coincides with the …

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Experimental Persuasion, Ian Ball, José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez Aug 2021

Experimental Persuasion, Ian Ball, José-Antonio Espín-Sánchez

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We introduce experimental persuasion between Sender and Receiver. Sender chooses an experiment to perform from a feasible set of experiments. Receiver observes the realization of this experiment and chooses an action. We characterize optimal persuasion in this baseline regime and in an alternative regime in which Sender can commit to garble the outcome of the experiment. Our model includes Bayesian persuasion as the special case in which every experiment is feasible; however, our analysis does not require concavification. Since we focus on experiments rather than beliefs, we can accommodate general preferences including costly experiments and non-Bayesian inference.

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Corrective Regulation With Imperfect Instruments, Eduardo Dávila, Ansgar Walther Aug 2021

Corrective Regulation With Imperfect Instruments, Eduardo Dávila, Ansgar Walther

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the optimal design of second-best corrective regulation, when some agents or activities cannot be perfectly regulated. We show that policy elasticities and Pigouvian wedges are sufficient statistics to characterize the marginal welfare impact of regulatory policies in a large class of environments. We show that the optimal second-best policy is determined by a subset of policy elasticities: leakage elasticities, and characterize the marginal value of relaxing regulatory constraints. We apply our results to scenarios with unregulated agents/activities and with uniform regulation across agents/activities. We illustrate our results in applications to shadow banking, scale-invariant regulation, asset substitution, and …

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History Of Fannie Mae And Freddie Mac Conservatorships, United States: Federal Housing Finance Agency (Fhfa) Aug 2021

History Of Fannie Mae And Freddie Mac Conservatorships, United States: Federal Housing Finance Agency (Fhfa)

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No abstract provided.

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Greening The Archive: The Social Climate Of Cotton Manufacturing In The "Samuel Oldknow Papers, 1782-1924", Bernadette Myers, Melina Moe Aug 2021

Greening The Archive: The Social Climate Of Cotton Manufacturing In The "Samuel Oldknow Papers, 1782-1924", Bernadette Myers, Melina Moe

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

This article re-examines the records and correspondence of Samuel Oldknow, a late eighteenth century textile manufacturer, within the context of the environmental humanities. Oldknow’s papers, a portion of which are held at Columbia University, are most often used by economic historians to date the beginnings of the factory wage labor system. We highlight, instead, the environmental implications of Oldknow’s cotton enterprise by juxtaposing documents related to the global reach of Oldknow’s empire with evidence of his transformation of the local landscape of northern England. This process of re-scaling captures a sense of what we call the “social climate” of the …

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The Dynamics Of The U.S. Overnight Triparty Repo Market, Mark E. Paddrik, Carlos A. Ram­Rez, Matthew J. Mccormick Aug 2021

The Dynamics Of The U.S. Overnight Triparty Repo Market, Mark E. Paddrik, Carlos A. Ram­Rez, Matthew J. Mccormick

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No abstract provided.

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Central Bank Swap Arrangements In The Covid-19 Crisis, Joshua Aizenman, Hiro Ito, Gurnain Kaur Pasricha Aug 2021

Central Bank Swap Arrangements In The Covid-19 Crisis, Joshua Aizenman, Hiro Ito, Gurnain Kaur Pasricha

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No abstract provided.

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Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Calvin Mitchell Iii, Mercedes Cardona Jul 2021

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Calvin Mitchell Iii, Mercedes Cardona

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No abstract provided.

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Long Term Effects Of Cash Transfer Programs In Colombia, Orazio Attanasio, Lina Cardona-Sosa, Carlos Medina, Costas Meghir, Christian Posso Jul 2021

Long Term Effects Of Cash Transfer Programs In Colombia, Orazio Attanasio, Lina Cardona-Sosa, Carlos Medina, Costas Meghir, Christian Posso

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Conditional Cash transfer (CCT) programs have been shown to have positive effects on a variety of outcomes including education, consumption and health visits, amongst others. We estimate the long-run impacts of the urban version of Familias en Acción, the Colombian CCT program on crime, teenage pregnancy, high school dropout and college enrollment using a Regression Discontinuity design on administrative data. ITT estimates show a reduction on arrest rates of 2.7pp for men and a reduction on teenage pregnancy of 2.3pp for women. High school dropout rates were reduced by 5.8pp and college enrollment was increased by 1.7pp for men.

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Covid-19 Effects On The Canadian Term Structure Of Interest Rates, Federico Severino, Marzia A. Cremona, Eric Dadie Jul 2021

Covid-19 Effects On The Canadian Term Structure Of Interest Rates, Federico Severino, Marzia A. Cremona, Eric Dadie

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No abstract provided.

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The Optimality Of Upgrade Pricing, Dirk Bergemann, Alessandro Bonatti, Andreas Haupt, Alex Smolin Jul 2021

The Optimality Of Upgrade Pricing, Dirk Bergemann, Alessandro Bonatti, Andreas Haupt, Alex Smolin

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We consider a multiproduct monopoly pricing model. We provide sufficient conditions under which the optimal mechanism can be implemented via upgrade pricing—a menu of product bundles that are nested in the strong set order. Our approach exploits duality methods to identify conditions on the distribution of consumer types under which (a) each product is purchased by the same set of buyers as under separate monopoly pricing (though the transfers can be different), and (b) these sets are nested. We exhibit two distinct sets of sufficient conditions. The first set of conditions is given by a weak version of monotonicity of …

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The Optimality Of Upgrade Pricing, Dirk Bergemann, Alessandro Bonatti, Andreas Haupt, Alex Smolin Jul 2021

The Optimality Of Upgrade Pricing, Dirk Bergemann, Alessandro Bonatti, Andreas Haupt, Alex Smolin

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We consider a multiproduct monopoly pricing model. We provide sufficient conditions under which the optimal mechanism can be implemented via upgrade pricing—a menu of product bundles that are nested in the strong set order. Our approach exploits duality methods to identify conditions on the distribution of consumer types under which (a) each product is purchased by the same set of buyers as under separate monopoly pricing (though the transfers can be different), and (b) these sets are nested. We exhibit two distinct sets of sufficient conditions. The first set of conditions weakens the monotonicity requirement of types and virtual values …

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Periodic Report: Update On Outstanding Lending Facilities Authorized By The Board Under Section 13(3) Of The Federal Reserve Act (July 12, 2021), Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors Jul 2021

Periodic Report: Update On Outstanding Lending Facilities Authorized By The Board Under Section 13(3) Of The Federal Reserve Act (July 12, 2021), Federal Reserve System: Board Of Governors

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No abstract provided.

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Economic Development, The Nutrition Trap And Metabolic Disease, Nancy Luke, Kaivan Munshi, Anu Mary Oommen, Swapnil Singh Jul 2021

Economic Development, The Nutrition Trap And Metabolic Disease, Nancy Luke, Kaivan Munshi, Anu Mary Oommen, Swapnil Singh

Discussion Papers

This research provides a single explanation for: (i) the persistence of malnutrition and (ii) the increased prevalence of metabolic disease (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease) among normal weight individuals with economic development. Our model is based on a set point for BMI or bodyweight that is adapted to conditions of scarcity in the pre-modern economy, but which subsequently fails to adjust to rapid economic change. During the process of development, some individuals thus remain at their low-BMI set point, despite the increase in their consumption, while others who have escaped the nutrition trap (but are not necessarily overweight) are at increased …

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Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Matthew Rutherford, Matthew Rutherford, Mercedes Cardona Jul 2021

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Matthew Rutherford, Matthew Rutherford, Mercedes Cardona

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No abstract provided.

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Efficacy Of Quikclot Combat Gauze When Used By Immediate Responders In A Simulated Gunshot Wound, Brenden Feingerts Jul 2021

Efficacy Of Quikclot Combat Gauze When Used By Immediate Responders In A Simulated Gunshot Wound, Brenden Feingerts

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Gunshot wounds sustained by civilians in the context of active shooter events are distressingly common in the United States. Current guidelines recommend the use of advanced hemostatic dressings as the first-line treatment for gunshot wounds sustained to anatomical areas in which a tourniquet cannot be effectively deployed. These guidelines have been informed by studies conducted in military and surgical settings by trained medical personnel, however, no studies have been conducted to assess their efficacy when utilized by untrained civilian bystanders. In this study, we will compare the efficacy of QuikClot Combat Gauze to standard gauze for achieving hemostasis when utilized …

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Efficacy Of Rimegepant Plus Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody For Migraine, Carina Leggio Jul 2021

Efficacy Of Rimegepant Plus Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibody For Migraine, Carina Leggio

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Migraine is a paroxysmal pain disorder managed with abortive therapy during a pain attack, prophylactic therapy to prevent attacks, and often a combination of both. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor have a role in the provocation of migraines, and therefore have been targeted in the development of both preventive and abortive therapies. However, there is limited research investigating concomitant use of the therapies. This study will examine the safety and efficacy of oral rimegepant when used for acute treatment concomitantly with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the CGRP ligand or receptor for the preventive treatment of migraine. A …

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Coronary Angiogram Plus Invasive Physiologic Tests In Women With Nonobstructive Coronary Dysfunction, Megan Mccauley Jul 2021

Coronary Angiogram Plus Invasive Physiologic Tests In Women With Nonobstructive Coronary Dysfunction, Megan Mccauley

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the Western hemisphere. Women with ischemic heart disease typically present to the emergency department with acute coronary syndrome, and subsequently undergo coronary angiography. In 66% of women, no evidence of obstructive disease is found, and current standard of care recommends no further diagnostic testing. However, nonobstructive diseases cannot be ruled out with coronary angiography alone and therefore are frequently missed. This study will examine whether invasive physiological testing with coronary angiography can impact multiple adverse cardiac events in adult women. Using a prospective comparative effectiveness trial, we will …

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Sexual Function In Women Undergoing Risk Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy With Or Without Hysterectomy, Madeline Perez Jul 2021

Sexual Function In Women Undergoing Risk Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy With Or Without Hysterectomy, Madeline Perez

Yale School of Medicine Physician Associate Program Theses

Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomies are offered to women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes as prophylaxis to reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer. These surgeries induce acute surgical menopause and often result in compromised sexual function including decreased desire, sexual discomfort, and diminished sexual satisfaction. However, little is known about the differences in sexual function in women who undergo surgery with hysterectomy versus those that leave their uterus intact. Using a prospective cohort study, we will compare the effects of Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy alone versus Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy plus hysterectomy on sexual function in premenopausal women with breast cancer gene mutations. We will …

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Annual Report & Accounts For The 12 Months To 31 March 2021, Uk Asset Resolution Jul 2021

Annual Report & Accounts For The 12 Months To 31 March 2021, Uk Asset Resolution

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No abstract provided.

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Best Practice Guide For Gbp Loans: The Working Group On Sterling Risk-Free Reference Rates, Bank Of England/Central Bank Of The United Kingdom Jul 2021

Best Practice Guide For Gbp Loans: The Working Group On Sterling Risk-Free Reference Rates, Bank Of England/Central Bank Of The United Kingdom

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No abstract provided.

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Yale Medicine Magazine July 2021, Issue 167, Yale University. School Of Medicine Jul 2021

Yale Medicine Magazine July 2021, Issue 167, Yale University. School Of Medicine

Yale Medicine Magazine - alumni bulletin and magazine

This is the July 2021 issue of Yale Medicine Magazine, issue 167. Prepared in cooperation with the alumni and development offices at the School of Medicine. Earlier volumes are called Yale School of Medicine alumni bulletins, dating from v.1 (1953) through v.13 (1965) and Yale Medicine: alumni bulletin of the School of Medicine, v.1 (1965) through v. 52, no.1. (Autumn 2017).

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Lessons Learned: Michael Krimminger, Charles Euchner, Maryann Haggerty Jun 2021

Lessons Learned: Michael Krimminger, Charles Euchner, Maryann Haggerty

Journal of Financial Crises

Michael Krimminger was Special Advisor for Policy and General Counsel at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation during the global financial crisis. In that role, he provided legal and policy advice on the writing and implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act, including its systemically important financial institution provisions, living wills, capital markets and capital, and structured finance requirements. He is now a partner at Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP. This “Lessons Learned” is based on an interview with Mr. Krimminger.

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Hungary: Magyar Reorganizációs És Követeléskezelő Zrt (Mark Zrt.), Mallory Dreyer Jun 2021

Hungary: Magyar Reorganizációs És Követeléskezelő Zrt (Mark Zrt.), Mallory Dreyer

Journal of Financial Crises

Hungary saw a surge in commercial real estate (CRE) lending prior to the Global Financial Crisis. By 2014, the banking sector was saddled with a high ratio of nonperforming CRE loans and repossessed property, though Hungarian banks remained solvent with high capital adequacy ratios. The central bank of Hungary, the MNB, announced the creation of an asset management company, Magyar Reorganizációs és Követeléskezelő Zrt. (MARK), to purchase nonperforming CRE assets from Hungarian banks on a voluntary basis, to clear their balance sheets and allow for increased lending. MARK was fully-owned by the MNB, which provided MARK’s share capital and a …

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Spain: Sociedad De Gestión De Activos Procedentes De La Reestructuración Bancaria (Sareb), David Tam, Sean Fulmer Jun 2021

Spain: Sociedad De Gestión De Activos Procedentes De La Reestructuración Bancaria (Sareb), David Tam, Sean Fulmer

Journal of Financial Crises

In the wake of the Global Financial Crisis, the Spanish real estate market struggled to recover, which posed significant issues for savings banks that had an outsized exposure to the real estate sector. The Spanish government created Sociedad de Gestión de Activos procedentes de la Reestructuración Bancaria (SAREB) in 2012 to buy impaired real estate assets from troubled banks and sell them over a 15-year period using funds from an up to €100 billion ($123 billion) loan from the European Financial Stability Facility. Its mandate was “to help clean up the Spanish financial sector and, in particular, the banks that …

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Indonesia: Ibra’S Asset Management Unit/ Asset Management Of Credits, Ariel Smith, Sharon M. Nunn Jun 2021

Indonesia: Ibra’S Asset Management Unit/ Asset Management Of Credits, Ariel Smith, Sharon M. Nunn

Journal of Financial Crises

In 1998, Indonesia’s banking sector was undercapitalized, under regulated, and suffering from an excess of nonperforming loans (NPLs). In response, the Indonesian government devised the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) and its Asset Management Unit/Asset Management of Credits (AMU/AMC) as part of a three-pronged government emergency plan, along with a blanket guarantee of the debts of all domestic banks and a framework for corporate restructuring. The AMU/AMC acquired and managed nonperforming loans from a variety of Indonesian banks and attempted to dispose of them. The AMU/AMC had acquired nearly IDR 400 trillion (approximately $86 billion) in face value of loans …

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Mexico: Fobaproa Capitalization And Loan Purchase Of Bank Portfolio Program (Clpp), Manuel León Hoyos, Alexander Nye Jun 2021

Mexico: Fobaproa Capitalization And Loan Purchase Of Bank Portfolio Program (Clpp), Manuel León Hoyos, Alexander Nye

Journal of Financial Crises

In December 1994, Mexico entered a financial crisis after a year of political turmoil, assassinations of high-level politicians, and a substantial depreciation of the peso. In 1995, following the economic contraction, the recently privatized banking sector experienced difficulties in meeting regulatory minimum capital requirements. The Mexican government received a $52 billion international financial package and enacted multiple programs to support the banking system. In the spring of 1995, through the Bank Fund for Savings Protection (FOBAPROA), the Capitalization and Loan Purchase of Bank Portfolio Program (CLPP) was introduced to provide new, permanent capital to Mexican banks. For banks that were …

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Consistent Recovery And Resolution Of Small And Large Banks In Europe, Danmarks Nationalbank Jun 2021

Consistent Recovery And Resolution Of Small And Large Banks In Europe, Danmarks Nationalbank

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No abstract provided.

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