Digital Commons Network^™

Homage To Hutchinson: Niche Modeling Across Spatial Scales, Muyang Lu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The concept of the niche is one of the building blocks of ecology and evolution. However, various issues have plagued the measurement of the niche, such as the “curse of dimensionality” and the problem of spatial scale. The lack of agreement on niche measurement not only hampers the development of niche-based theories but also imposes serious challenges on the application of niche modeling to addressing the threats of climate change. In this dissertation, I provided a geometric framework based on Hutchinson’s n-dimensional hypervolume to understand how niche estimates change across spatial scales. In the first chapter, I developed a computationally …

Dissolved Organic Matter Dynamics In A Large Temperate River, Laura Ann Logozzo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems. DOM determines system net heterotrophy or autotrophy, affects light availability and water color, controls the speciation of metals such as iron, and is one of the most reactive carbon pools. DOM quality and source, whether from terrestrial plants and soils or primary production in inland waters, modulates its impact. Here, I characterize DOM cycling in the predominantly forested, temperate Connecticut River watershed. In Chapter 1, I evaluate how commonly used optical indices for DOM source and quality are complicated by the presence of filterable ferric iron in streams …

Three Essays On Political Institutions & Foreign Policy Crisis Behaviour, Fahd Humayun

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

When and how do domestic political institutions shape the behaviour of foreign policy crisis actors? Existing research on interstate crisis behaviour in democracies has largely been agnostic about the extent to which intermediate levels of democratic institutionalisation can impact the expectations and behaviour of electorally competitive foreign policy crisis actors. The three empirical papers in this doctoral dissertation explore and shed light on the complex relationship between democracy, political institutions and political actors in Pakistan, a weakly-institutionalised democratic polity with a legacy of frequent foreign policy crises. Paper I, titled "The Punisher's Dilemma: Domestic Opposition and Foreign Policy Crises", advances …

Quantum Error Correction Beyond Break-Even, Volodymyr Sivak

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The ambition of harnessing the quantum for computation is at odds with the fundamental phenomenon of decoherence. The purpose of quantum error correction (QEC) is to counteract the natural tendency of a complex system to decohere. This cooperative process, which requires participation of multiple quantum and classical components, creates a special type of dissipation that removes the entropy caused by the errors faster than the rate at which these errors corrupt the stored quantum information. Previous experimental attempts to engineer such a process faced an excessive generation of errors that overwhelmed the error-correcting capability of the process itself. Whether it …

Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Density Functional Theory For Quantizing Protons, Zhen Tao

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Through treating select nuclei quantum mechanically at the same level as electrons, the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method inherently captures the important nuclear quantum effects of the system. Without the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) separation between electrons and select nuclei, vibronic states are described naturally. Treating protons quantum mechanically within the multicomponent density functional theory (DFT) framework introduces an additional functional to describe electron-proton correlation (epc). This dissertation introduces an epc functional based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), which can provide accurate protonic densities and energies. Electron-proton vibronic excitations can be calculated through NEO time-dependent density functional theory (NEO-TDDFT). This Dissertation further …

Synthesizing Epidemiological Evidence Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus To Predict The Potential Effectiveness Of Three Rsv Prevention Strategies, Zhe Zheng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory infection and hospitalization for infants, children, and the elderly [1]. In this dissertation, I present five quantitative studies aimed at improving our understanding of the disease burden, epidemic timing, geographic spread, and prevention of RSV. Specifically, I applied statistical and mathematical models to (1) estimate respiratory hospitalizations attributable to RSV across age and socioeconomic groups; (2) identify drivers that impact RSV epidemic spatiotemporal patterns in a typical winter season; (3) estimate the timing and intensity of RSV reemergence following the COVID-19 pandemic; (4) compare the geographic spread of RSV epidemics …

Essays On The Effects Of Labor Market Policies, Julian Aramburu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In this dissertation, I study the effects of two types of policies that aim to improve the labor market outcomes of workers from underrepresented groups. “Coding Bootcamps for Female Digital Employment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Argentina and Colombia” Women are underrepresented in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) sector, at both the educational and occupational level. In particular, the gender gap in computer science careers is the most salient of all STEM fields. In the first chapter of this dissertation, my coauthors and I design a high-quality computer coding training — a bootcamp — that aims …

Trim71/Lin-41 Links An Ancient Mirna Pathway To Human Congenital Hydrocephalus, Duy Phan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The let-7 target TRIM71/LIN-41 is a phylogenetically conserved RNA-binding protein best known as a heterochronic regulator of epidermal stem cell fate in C. elegans. I now show that TRIM71 is a novel marker of neuroepithelial cells, the earliest neural stem cells (NSCs) of the prenatal mammalian brain. Trim71 deletion in prenatal mouse NSCs (Nestin-Trim71fl/fl and Emx-Trim71fl/fl), or knock-in of a human congenital hydrocephalus-associated missense mutation that disrupts the regulation of target RNAs (Trim71R595H/+), causes severe cortical thinning and associated ventriculomegaly due to defective NSC self-renewal without altering ependymal cilia- driven cerebrospinal fluid flow. Strikingly, Trim71R595H/R595H mice exhibit anencephaly and embryonic …

Perception And Perceptual Judgment In Plato’S Theaetetus And Timaeus, Lea Schroeder

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation develops an account of perception in the Theaetetus and the Timaeus, two so-called “late” writings of Plato that I argue theorize distinct but complementary aspects of perception. On the overall view that emerges from these writings, perception is anchored in the world – an instance of perception directly presents to the soul the worldly objects that caused it. At the same time, perception by itself precludes awareness of what is perceived as something or other, and ordinary perceptual experiences that do involve such awareness are hybrid mental states that fuse perception, memory, and (subpersonal) judgment. The resulting account …

Facets Of Vulnerability And Risk At The Nexus Of Groundwater And Unconventional Energy Resources, Mario Soriano

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) development is the extraction of fossil fuels from shale and other low permeability formations, made possible by technological advances in horizontal drilling and high volume hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) refers to the stage in UOG development where millions of gallons of water mixed with sand and chemicals are injected at high pressures to create openings in the target formation, enabling the flow of trapped hydrocarbons. UOG development has been hailed for its socioeconomic benefits, allowing the United States to become a net energy exporter in recent years and facilitating the transition away from coal …

Privacy-Preserving Formal Methods, Ning Luo

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Software and hardware can often exhibit undesirable behaviors, leading to catastrophic consequences. Formal methods techniques offer a vast collection of techniques to analyze and verify these systems mathematically to ensure the correctness, robustness, and safety of software and hardware systems against a specification. Despite the significant success of formal methods, privacy requirements are not considered in their design. However, formal methods are often used to verify the critical components of systems, which is valuable intellectual property. In some settings, the verification requirements are often imposed by outside parties, such as regulatory agencies or software marketplaces, that the system owners do …

Neural Processing Of Static And Dynamic Eye Gaze In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Termara Parker

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Atypical variations in social cognitive processing of gaze are symptomatic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may indicate aberrant joint attention mechanisms. Despite this well-known phenomenon, neural processing of gaze in ASD in real-life social interactions remains limited. This knowledge gap may be due to the limitations of conventional neuroimaging methods that require participants to be still in a confined space with significant environmental noise, potentially eliciting anxiety and discomfort. As a result, individuals from clinical populations whose sensory needs, anxiety, or difficulties in comprehending the need to remain motionless, are less able to participate in MRI studies. Functional …

Searching For The Electron Neutrino Anomaly With The Microboone Experiment Using Wire-Cell Reconstruction, Kaicheng Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Micro Booster Neutrino Experiment (MicroBooNE) is a leading large-scale Liquid Argon Time Project Chamber (LArTPC) experiment, designed for precision neutrino physics. The main scientific objectives of MicroBooNE include the investigation of the Low Energy Excess (LEE) observed by the MiniBooNE Experiment between 2002-2019 in the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, the measurements of neutrino-argon interactions, and the research and development of LArTPC technology. This thesis focuses on understanding the MiniBooNE LEE through charged-current electron neutrino interactions.MicroBooNE BNB data, collected between February 2016 and July 2018, is analyzed for an electron-like low energy excess (eLEE) using Wire-Cell reconstruction. Enabled …

Belief Convergence Under Misspecified Learning: A Martingale Approach, Mira Frick, Ryota Iijima, Yuhta Ishii

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

We present an approach to analyze learning outcomes in a broad class of misspecified environments, spanning both single-agent and social learning. We introduce a novel “prediction accuracy” order over subjective models, and observe that this makes it possible to partially restore standard martingale convergence arguments that apply under correctly specified learning. Based on this, we derive general conditions to determine when beliefs in a given environment converge to some long-run belief either locally or globally (i.e., from some or all initial beliefs). We show that these conditions can be applied, first, to unify and generalize various convergence results in previously …

Lessons Learned: James Finkel, Matthew A. Lieber, Steven H. Kasoff

Documents

Recommended Citation: Kasoff, Steven H. and Lieber, Matthew A. (2022) "Lessons Learned: James Finkel," The Journal of Financial Crises: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1, 415-419. Available at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal-of-financial-crises/vol4/iss1/14

Lessons Learned: Chris Ricciardi, Matthew A. Lieber, Steven H. Kasoff

Documents

Recommended Citation: Lieber, Matthew A. and Kasoff, Steven H. (2022) "Lessons Learned: Chris Ricciardi," The Journal of Financial Crises: Vol. 4 : Iss. 1, 435-437. Available at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal-of-financial-crises/vol4/iss1/18

Special Drawing Rights (Sdrs) And The Covid-19 Crisis, Economic Commission For Latin America And The Caribbean (Eclac), Economic Commission For Africa (Eca)

Documents

No abstract provided.

International Monetary Fund Finance Dept 2022 Review Of Adequacy Of Poverty Reduction And Growth Trust Finances, International Monetary Fund (Imf)

Documents

No abstract provided.

Yes Bank Investor Presentation 2022, Yes Bank Limited

Documents

No abstract provided.

Bodies Of Silence, Floods Of Nectar: Ritual Music In Contemporary Brahmanical Tantric Temples Of Kerala, Paolo Pacciolla

Yale Journal of Music & Religion

The Tantric concept of sound (nāda) as universal life-force has seen worldwide diffusion over the last few decades but such a fame does not reflect academic interest in the impact of Tantra on music. Indeed, while a number of essays have been written to demonstrate the contribution of Tantrism to the evolution of Indian religions and culture, its contribution to music has been left largely unexplored.

The word Tantra refers to a pan-Asian religious phenomenon spread over numerous centuries and including a wide number of sects having different and even opposite philosophical and theological approaches which may be …

Ypfs Lessons Learned Oral History Project: An Interview With Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Maryann Haggerty

Documents

Suggested Citation Form: Zeti Akhtar Aziz, 2022. “Lessons Learned Interview."Interview by Maryann Haggerty. Yale Program on Financial Stability Lessons Learned Oral History Project. February 16, 2022. Transcript. https://ypfs.som.yale.edu/library/ypfs-lesson-learned-oral-history-project-interview-zeti-aziz

The Value Of Arbitrage, Eduardo Dávila, Daniel Graves, Cecilia Parlatore

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

This paper studies the social value of closing price differentials in financial markets. We show that arbitrage gaps (price differentials between markets) exactly correspond to the marginal social value of executing an arbitrage trade. We further show that arbitrage gaps and measures of price impact are sufficient to compute the total social value from closing an arbitrage gap. Theoretically, we show that, for a given arbitrage gap, the total social value of arbitrage is higher in more liquid markets. We apply our framework to compute the welfare gains from closing arbitrage gaps in the context of covered interest parity violations …

Optimal Inter-Release Time Between Sequentially Released Products, Jackie Luan, K. Sudhir

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Marketers routinely use timing as a segmentation device through sequential product releases. While there has been much theoretical research on the optimal introduction strategy of sequential releases, there is little empirical research on this problem. This paper develops an econometric model to empirically solve the inter-release timing problem: it involves (1) developing and estimating a structural model of consumers’ choice for sequentially released products and (2) using the estimates of the structural model to solve for the optimal inter-release time. The empirical application focuses on the movie industry, where we specifically address the issue of the inter-release time between a …

Agricultural Productivity And Deforestation: Evidence From Brazil, Dmitri Szerman, Juliano Assunção, Molly Lipscomb, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak

Discussion Papers

When agricultural productivity improves, farmers may react by expanding farming and further encroach on forest lands, or they may choose to intensify and produce more output with less land. We specify the conditions under which agricultural productivity can have such ambiguous effects on deforestation. We then examine the predictions of that model using county-level data from five waves of the Brazilian Census of Agriculture and satellite-based measures of land use. We identify productivity shocks using exogenous variation in rural electrification in Brazil during 1960-2000. We show that locations suitable for hydropower generation experienced improvements in crop yields, and that credit-constrained …

Encouragement And Distortionary Effects Of Conditional Cash Transfers, Gharad Bryan, Shyamal Chowdhury, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak, Melanie Morten, Joeri Smits

Discussion Papers

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have become increasingly popular as a development strategy. These programs aim to reduce poverty or achieve other social goals by making the transfers conditional upon the receivers' actions. Conditions are designed to encourage some desirable behavior that recipients might otherwise under-invest in. An unintended consequence of the conditionality may be to distort recipients' actions in ways that lower their welfare. The transfer size plays an important role in shaping such distortionary effects. In certain circumstances, a larger transfer increases distortion more than that it raises benefits from stronger encouragement, implying that (i) there is an …

Artists’ Studio Archives Managing Your Studio Practice & Building A Creative Legacy Revised Edition (2022): A Comprehensive Guide For Artists & Their Assistants, Heather Gendron, Neal Ambrose-Smith, Joane E. Beaudoin, Eumie Imm-Stroukoff

Library Staff Publications

This guide is based on real-life scenarios and best practices in managing an art studio archive. It will aid artists in every career stage, from emerging artists to late-career artists; the yet-to- be-discovered and the well-established. Increasing productivity in the studio with good documentation helps artists better prepare to sell work and secure grant funding, as well as manage better the legal and financial aspects of an artistic practice.

Fracture Callus Evaluation In The Setting Of Breast Cancer Metastasis And Rescue Of Healing Via Inhibition Of Erk1/2, Christopher Dussik

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Background: Pathological fractures of the femoral shaft are devastating complications of metastatic breast cancer that afflict a myriad of women worldwide. Those affected suffer from debilitating pain, loss of function, and diminished quality of life. Intramedullary nailing with locking screw fixation provides the foundation of femoral fracture repair. However, cancer-induced changes within the local osseous environment drastically impair normal bone healing, leading to nonunion, reduced quality of life, and delays in medical oncologic care. At this time, comparatively little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved in impaired pathological fracture healing. A more thorough understanding of the influence breast cancer …

The Real Cause Of The Broken Rib: Developments In Pediatricians' Approach To Child Abuse; 1960 - 2020, Sofia Charania

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In 1962, C. Henry Kempe published his landmark work, The Battered Child Syndrome, and set into motion a new discourse on child abuse within the American pediatrics community. This paper discusses the tension pediatricians felt between longstanding assumptions of parental virtue and the implications of the emerging conversation on child abuse started by Kempe. It also discusses the resistance shown by some pediatricians to accepting the reality of abuse and the slow process by which that resistance was overcome, aided by factors such as pediatricians’ involvement in adoption procedures. As pediatricians began confronting and understanding child abuse more deeply, their …

Atypical Presentation Of Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets With Hypercalciuria Due To Digenic Mutations, Bryan Bo-Ran Ho

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in SLC34A3 cause renal phosphate wasting due to loss of sodium phosphate co-transporter NPT2c, generally presenting in childhood with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH). Described here are two individuals with atypical presentations of HHRH due to additional heterozygous mutations in SLC34A1 and NPHP4, genetic causes of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia type 2 and nephronophthisis, respectively. The first case has a 10-year history of well-controlled ulcerative colitis and atrial fibrillation. He wore braces briefly at age 5 for lower extremity bowing, which resolved spontaneously. He was without fractures until age 41, when he sustained a tibial plateau fracture …

Treating Children With Physical Disabilities: Development Of A Video-Based Education Resource Using Simulated Participants, Alexandra Kimmel

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

Introduction: Children with physical disabilities (CWPD) represent an important population that has historically experienced inadequate and insensitive care across medical settings. A lack of comfort and knowledge about CWPD is common among health professionals and trainees. We created and evaluated a new educational resource enhanced by videotaped clips of a model pediatric outpatient visit for a CWPD and his mother, both portrayed by simulated participants.Methods: We created a curriculum working group composed of multiple stakeholders, including patients with disabilities, parents of children with disabilities, and physician experts in treating disabilities. Using recommendations from the curriculum working group, we developed a …