Digital Commons Network^™

Uas Safety Zones: A Model For Addressing Increased Air Traffic Controller Workload, Pratik Jadhav, Damon Lercel, Sarah Hubbard

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

This paper presents a model to address the increased workload for air traffic controllers (ATC) due to the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the airport ecosystem. The FAA established small UAS operational regulations in 2016. Already, UAS pilots comprise over 20% of the total pilot population, and UAS account for 89% of the total aircraft registrations. Given current FAA resource constraints and the forecast growth of air traffic, innovative safety management solutions are required to address the increase in controller workload and the associated safety risks. This research presents one perspective regarding the impact of UAS operations on …

Systematic Review Of Weather Observation And Forecast Resources Available To General Aviation Pilots, J W. Wallace, Nicoletta Fala

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Weather continues to be a consistent hazard for pilots despite decades of progress in both pilot education and weather observation and forecasting technology. Much research has been done on the various facets of this problem, from pilot psychology to the weather information sources themselves. Weather-Intelligent Navigation Data and Models for Aviation Planning (WINDMAP) is a NASA University Leadership Initiative (ULI) that aims to use Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to improve the accessibility and accuracy of weather information for General Aviation (GA) pilots and UAS operators. This paper aims to produce a systematic review of research on the topic using the …

Identification Of A Failed Engine In Twin-Engine Propeller Aircraft: Pilot Surveys, Andrey K. Babin, Andrew R. Dattel

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Twin-engine propeller aircraft accidents occur for many reasons including misidentifying a failed engine. Pilots learn to use a procedure called dead leg-dead engine to identify the failed engine; however, misidentification of the failed engine still occurs, questioning the effectiveness of this procedure. Two surveys were created. Survey 1 was completed by 49 airline pilots operating twin-engine turboprop aircraft; Survey 2 was completed by 22 instructor pilots operating twin-engine piston aircraft. Survey 1: Average flight time was 6,230 hours. Approximately 19% of respondents reported using the Engine-Out procedure at least once. Twenty-nine percent agreed that there could be a better method …

Minimizing The Negative Impacts Of Airport Construction, Sarah Hubbard, Bryan Hubbard, Joseph Sobieralski

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Airfield infrastructure projects are critical to ensure facilities are safe, in good condition and meet current standards. However, these airfield construction and reconstruction activities are usually conducted on an active airfield, which impose operational and human factors challenges for all users, including pilots, air traffic controllers, airport operations personnel, construction workers, and emergency responders. FAA recognizes the potential safety challenges, and provides supporting guidance and regulation as described in AC 150/5370-2G, Operational Safety on Airports During Construction. While this guidance is valuable and enhances safety, there remain human factors issues that are worthy of investigation and discussion.

Identifying Opportunities For Augmented Cognition During Live Flight Scenario: An Analysis Of Pilot Mental Workload Using Eeg, Nicholas Wilson, Hamed Taheri Gorji, Jessica Vanbree, Bradley Hoffmann, Kouhyar Tavakolian, Thomas Petros

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Augmented cognition is a form of human-systems interaction in which physiological sensing of a user’s cognitive state is used to precisely invoke system automations when needed. The present study monitored the in-flight physiological state of the pilot to determine the optimal combination of EEG indices to predict variations in workload, or opportunities for augmented cognition.The [sic] participants were 10 collegiate aviation students with FAA commercial pilot certificates and current medical certificates. Each participant performed a uniform flight scenario that included procedures that varied in workload demands. All maneuvers were performed while simultaneously acquiring EEG data in flight. The EEG data …

Applying Eye-Tracking Technology To Explore The Visual Scanning Practices Of Air Traffic Control Tower Controllers, Jerry Crutchfield, Ziho Kang, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

In the domain of Air Traffic Control (ATC), visual scanning refers to a systematic and continuous effort to acquire all necessary information to build and maintain a complete awareness of activities and situations which may affect the controllers’ area of responsibility. Our research team has supported FAA efforts to improve training of the important scanning skill, by conducting research to identify characteristics of successful tower visual scanning behavior. In addition to conducting multidisciplinary working groups and structured one-on-one interviews, we have collected eye-movement data from tower control experts while they controlled high fidelity air traffic simulations of airports at which …

Spatial-Temporal Cluster Approach To Discover Visual Scanning Behaviors In Virtual Reality, Ziho Kang, Jerry Crutchfield, Ricardo Palma Fraga, Saptarshi Mandal

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

If we could discover the visual scanning patterns of expert air traffic control operators (ATCOs), we could use those findings to better train novices. One critical issue is that visual scan paths can be complex even for a short period of time, therefore, a systematic approach is required to obtain clear and meaningful visual scanning patterns. We transformed the raw eye movement data of expert ATCOs into visual scanning patterns by using the collapsed eye movement sequences that occurred on important areas of interest, then visualized them based on accumulated time frames. We collected and subsequently analyzed controller eye movements …

Measuring The Range Of Attention To Preview And Its Momentary Persistence In Simulated Driving, Tyler N. Morrison, Richard J. Jagacinski, Jordan Petrov

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Participants used a position control system to track the center of a simulated winding roadway with preview that ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 s. Participants’ spatial distributions of attention were measured by perturbing the roadway with different frequency sinusoids at different roadway positions and then measuring the degree to which those frequencies were present in their tracking movements. Participants exhibited a continuous range of attention, and it lengthened with the amount of displayed preview. When preview disappeared for 5 s, longer time to regress to feedback control was strongly correlated with the amount of preview that was withdrawn. During preview …

Exploring Methods To Collect And Analyze Data On Human Contributions To Aviation Safety, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Focusing on undesired operator behaviors is pervasive in system design and safety management cultures in aviation. This focus limits the data that are collected, the questions that are asked during data analysis, and therefore our understanding of what operators do in everyday work. Human performance represents a significant source of aviation safety data that includes both desired and undesired actions. When safety is characterized only in terms of errors and failures, the vast majority of human impacts on system safety and performance are ignored. The outcomes of safety data analyses dictate what is learned from those data, which in turn …

How Do Different Knowledge Frameworks Help Us Learn From Aviation Line Observations?, Randall J. Mumaw, Dorrit Billman, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Human performance includes actions that increase safety, as well as actions that can reduce safety. Ensuring safety in complex dynamic operations like commercial aviation depends on the ability to institute appropriate responses based on what is learned from flightcrew performance and the contexts in which it occurs. To do this systemically at the organization level requires collecting data on flightcrew performance, developing effective approaches to analyzing those data, and understanding how to translate what has been learned into policies, procedures, and practice. Systematic observation of front-line operators is a vital source of human performance data. Much has been learned from …

Thinking Outside The Box: The Human Role In Increasingly Automated Aviation Systems, Joel Lachter, Alan Hobbs, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Rapid advances in automation are enabling transport systems to operate in an increasingly autonomous manner. From time to time, these systems encounter operational conditions that fall outside a “competency box” of scenarios and environments for which the system was designed. Human operators add resilience because they can see and act outside the automation’s competency box. Advanced aviation concepts envision fleets of highly automated air vehicles providing on-demand transport for people and goods. We examine one such concept, Urban Air Moblity [sic] (UAM) and explore how humans can best be incorporated to maintain resilience. A human-autonomy teaming approach is suggested.

Evaluating The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulator Research Methods To Study Airline Flight Crew Resilience, Chad L. Stephens, Lawrence J. Prinzel, Daniel Kiggins, Kathryn Ballard, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

As it evolves, aviation will continue to require integration of a wide range of safety systems and practices, some of which are already in place and others that are yet to be developed. New concepts in system safety thinking have emerged to consider not only what may go wrong, but also what can be learned when things go right during commercial flight operations. Taken together, these complementary perspectives form a more comprehensive approach to system safety thinking that can help to recognize and preserve the resilient performance capabilities currently provided by humans. A need exists, however, for research methods to …

Assessing The Relationships Between Organizational Management Factors (4ps) And A Resilient Safety Culture In A Collegiate Aviation Program With A Safety Management Systems (Sms), Daniel Kwasi Adjekum

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Resilient safety culture is a key factor in sustaining safety management systems (SMS) in a U.S. collegiate aviation program. The relationships between four organizational management factors (Principles, Policy, Procedures, Practices) and a resilient safety culture model based on Reason’s concept was assessed using an online survey instrument. Structural Equation Model (SEM) technique were used to assess measurement models of factors underlying a resilient safety culture. All four management factors had significant predictive relationship with resilient safety culture. Practices had the weakest predictive relationship with resilient safety culture and Policy had the highest. Procedures strongly mediated path between Policies and Practices …

Safety Programs, Safety Management Systems And Implications For Human Performance, Julia Pounds, Paul Krois

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

A State Safety Program (SSP) and a Safety Management System (SMS) are both part of the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) promoted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to support international safety in air navigation, flight inspections, air accident investigations, training, certification, and related areas. This paper discusses roles and responsibilities of the regulator and service provider focusing on human performance in oversight versus operations. Clarification is intended to help both regulators and operators focus on executing their separate and distinct roles and responsibilities for oversight versus operations. Left unaddressed, role confusion between the organizations can result in safety …

A Model Of Space Operator Training Motivation Using Serious Games, Foster E. Davis, Michael E. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Services provided by spacecraft, including communications and global positioning, are integral to small businesses, multinational corporations, and the United States Department of Defense. United States rivals recognize the advantage provided by the space domain and are exploring ways to degrade these services in their warfare doctrine. In response, the United States requires space systems suited to counter these threats and personnel who are trained to respond to the newly contested environment. Training research has shown that trainee characteristics, including motivation, can significantly impact training outcomes. Beyond the training literature, guidelines have been developed for motivating game play which might apply …

Is Our Current Certification Process A Threat To Safety Innovation?, Erik-Jan A M Huijbrechts, M M René Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Certification is an important process in the aviation industry. The certified status of aircraft, aircraft equipment and procedures is often regarded as a guarantee for safety. However, if shortcomings emerge during operation, this certified status can prevent improvement of the design. In addition, to develop and certify new equipment, it is often easier to modify existing, certified equipment than have a full certification of a new system. Doing so, safety problems may be overlooked. In this paper, a link is made between the certification process and organizational safety of both manufacturers of aircraft or aircraft equipment and airline companies.

What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Emergent States Supporting Teamwork In Aviation, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein, Andrea M. Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

This paper describes a variety of factors that can facilitate teamwork. These include team orientation, collective efficacy, mutual trust, psychological safety, shared situational awareness, shared mental models, and transactive memory. Aviation-specific research on each of these states is reviewed.

Board Of Trustees Meeting Minutes, April 30, 2021

Board of Trustees Minutes

Minutes from the Wright State University Board of Trustees Meeting held on April 30, 2021

Faculty Senate Agenda And Minutes, April 26, 2021

Faculty Senate Minutes and Agendas

Agenda and minutes from the Wright State University Faculty Senate Meeting held on April 26, 2021

The Guardian, Week Of April 19, 2021, Wright State Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the week of April 19, 2021. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

The Guardian, Week Of April 12, 2021, Wright State Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the week of April 12, 2021. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

Wright State University Libraries Annual Report 2020, Wright State University Libraries

University Libraries' Annual Reports

The 2020 annual report by the Wright State University Libraries highlights the various happenings at the University Libraries including the impact of COVID-19 on the University Libraries. These ranged from departmental and staff changes, the relocation of the Educational Resource Center to the library, changes to services and materials, and other challenges faced through the year.

The Guardian, Week Of April 5, 2021, Wright State Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

News articles from The Guardian for the week of April 5, 2021. The Guardian is the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. It has been published regularly since March of 1965.

Friends Of The Libraries Newsletter, Spring 2021, Friends Of The Libraries

Friends of the Libraries Newsletter

A thirty-three page newsletter that details news of the Friends of the Libraries group including the various awards to library staff and student assistants, happenings in the library, and more.

The Beef Industry: The Social Costs From An Ecological, Economic, And Social Perspective, Timothy Keathley

Student Papers in Local and Global Regional Economies

Beef products are a staple of western diets and are quickly becoming normalized in more parts of the world. Americans from 1910 to present day have consumed an average of 60 pounds of beef each year, with total beef consumption annually over 27 billion pounds (Beef, 2005). Red meat is a tempestuous topic of discussion. Red meat is a product that has nutritional benefits, is a symbol of status, and has a favored taste for many of its consumers. It can also be said that red meat is associated with health issues, animal cruelty, and environmental sustainability concerns. Jochimsen said …

The Wright State – Lake Campus 2020 – 2021 Scholarly Review, Wright State University - Lake Campus

Lake Campus Research Symposium Reports

This report provides a listing of the scholarly endeavors from Lake Campus during the 2020 calendar year, spanning across disciplines.

This document contains the Annual Research Report from 2020 and the Research Symposium Program from 2021.

Undergraduate And Graduate Course Descriptions, 2021 Spring, Wright State University

Course Descriptions

Wright State University undergraduate and graduate course descriptions from Spring 2021.

The Extension Newsletter, Issue 106, Spring 2021, Wright State University Retirees Association

The Extension Newsletter

An eight page newsletter from the Wright State University's Retirees Association.

Addressing The Energy Air Pollution Within The Ohio Area, Travis Mcconnell

Student Papers in Local and Global Regional Economies

Air pollution is the byproduct of the burning of fossil fuels and is a major issue within the Ohio area because of the lack of utilization of renewable and clean sources of energy. We emit tons and tons of pollutants into the environment each and every day, from when we hop in our cars or even when we simply turn on the lights in our homes. Essentially, anything that requires energy can be a cause of air pollution within the ecosystem. However, it may be the case that it is time that we change our ways and try to conserve …

Protecting Ohio’S Water Quality Through Wetland Remediation, Sarah Logel

Student Papers in Local and Global Regional Economies

Water reuse and reclamation is vital to the continuation of healthy crop yields, maintaining clean waterways, and for human use and consumption. Combined with the unrelenting ecological changes as a result of global warming, water stress has become ever prominent in the new age of climate change. Most often covered by news and media outlets are the rising sea levels which are undoubtably a dangerous threat. There is though, another menacing water issue, not so frequently discussed and it is the quality of water consumed by residents in America’s cities and towns and used by farmers for growing the very …