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Antipsychotics And Outcome In Schizophrenia, Amresh Srivastava, Anukant Mital

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Predictors And Characteristics Of Response And Nonresponse: A Ten Year Follow-Up Of First Episode Schizophrenia In Mumbai, Amresh Shrivastava, Nilesh Shah, Megan Johnston, Larry Stitt, Meghana Thakar, Gurusamy Chinnasamy

Psychiatry Presentations

▪ It is not clearly known what predicts good long-term outcome in first episode schizophrenia and what the characteristics are that differentiate patients who do and do not show good response

▪ We attempted to find the characteristics and predictors of good out-come for patients who presented with severe psychopathology and were hospitalized in their first episode psychosis in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in the city of Mumbai

▪ 101 patients of first episode schizophrenia were assessed at hospitalization, and reassessed at ten years

▪ The data was analyzed on 13 outcome parameters for predictors and characteristics of good outcome, …

Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie S. Ranger, Melvyn A. Goodale

Psychology Presentations

In the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), a small object will feel heavier than an larger object of equal weight (Charpentier, 1891). Individuals continue to perceive this illusory difference in weight long after their gripping and lifting forces have scaled to the actual, identical, mass of the illusion-inducing stimuli (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

The independence of our weight perception and fingertip force application has only been quantified in the right hand of right-handers. The immunity to this perceptual illusion may be affected by manual asymmetries (e.g., Gonzalez, Ganel & Goodale, 2006).

We examined perception of heaviness and fingertip force scaling in …

Children's Memory For Painful Procedures: The Relationship Of Pain Intensity, Anxiety, And Adult Behaviors To Subsequent Recall., Melanie Noel, C. Meghan Mcmurtry, Christine T. Chambers, Patrick J. Mcgrath

Paediatrics Publications

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether children's experience of pain intensity and anxiety, and adult behaviors during venepuncture, were related to children's memories of the procedure. METHODS: Participants were 48 children (24 males, 24 females) between the ages of 5 and 10 years who underwent venepuncture. The venepunctures were videotaped and adult behaviors were coded. Children self-reported their pain intensity and anxiety immediately and 2 weeks following venepuncture and answered contextual questions at follow-up. RESULTS: Children who initially reported higher levels of pain tended to over-estimate their anxiety at follow-up, whereas children who reported lower levels of pain accurately- or under-estimated their …

Child Maltreatment And Negative Affect States: Impact On Cognition And Dating Violence Behaviours, Nicole Anne Reid

Digitized Theses

Maltreated youth are at an increased risk for involvement in aggressive and potentially

violent interpersonal relationships, in part due to their limited behavioural and emotion management skills. This study of maltreated adolescents (N = 238; 59.7% female; Mage - 16.41, SDage= 1.02) involved with child protective services (CPS) examined whether: (a) youth have clinical levels of negative affect; (b) the association between adolescent negative affect and adolescent impaired thinking is significant; and (c) there is a link between negative affect, impaired thinking, and engagement in adolescent dating violence. Results showed that maltreated youth reported higher levels of negative affect on …

Narrative Representations Of Physical Violence In Close Interpersonal Relationships In Contemporary Fiction, Cristina Ionica

Digitized Theses

This dissertation explores narrative representations of violence in close interpersonal relationships (between family members, lovers, and best friends) in novels and short stories by Ian McEwan, Martin Amis, Angela Carter, Kathy Acker and Donald Barthelme. Part I follows and explicates theoretically various logics of violence, drawing mainly on theoretical contributions by Jacques Lacan, Gilles Deleuze, Judith Butler, and Catharine MacKinnon. It explains the act of violence in intimate relationships as a bypassing of the subject’s desire in favour of that of the “Primordial Father.” It associates Lacan’s idea of the unattainable “phallic function limit” with Judith Butler’s conceptualization of the …

Did You Come? Exploring Gender Differences In Beliefs, Experiences, And Concerns Surrounding Orgasm Occurrence During Heterosexual Intercourse, Claire M. A. Salisbury

Digitized Theses

The present study explored possible gender differences in young adult men’s and women’s experiences, beliefs, and concerns surrounding orgasm occurrence and non-occurrence during heterosexual intercourse, for the self and relationship partner, with a focus on lack of female coital orgasm, A two phase, mixed methods approach was utilized. Qualitative data were first collected through five male and five female focus group discussions. Next, to assess the prevalence and patterns of coital orgasm-related themes emerging from the focus group discussions, quantitative data were collected ..... through the creation and completion of a questionnaire by 89 male and 189 female undergraduates.. Although …

Integrative Event Priming, Saman Khalkhali

Digitized Theses

The representation and organization of event concepts in semantic memory is an important issue in the domains of language processing and memory research. This thesis tested the hypothesis that pairs of words denoting events that can plausibly occur in sequence (marinate-grill) can prime a target that denotes a subsequently occurring, related event (chew). Experiment 1 showed that this type of priming occurs. I then tested whether such priming is contingent on presenting the primes in the order in which their referents occur in real life (marinate-grill), rather than in a temporally backward order (grill-marinate). Experiment 2 showed that priming was …

Development And Validation Of A Developmentally-Sensitive Task For The Induction Of Stress In Preschool-Aged Children, Katie R. Kryski

Digitized Theses

This study examined the validity of a novel task developed to elicit cortisol reactivity in a group of 215 preschool-aged children. Children participated in a standardized stress task during a home visit. The task was videorecorded for coding of child expressions of positive and negative emotions. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained at baseline and 10,20, 30,40, and 50 minutes post-stress. Statistically significant increases in cortisol levels from baseline were found followed by a significant decline defining a quadratic function. Children exhibited a significant increase in negative emotions and a decrease in positive emotions from baseline to the stressful portion of …

Perceived Ability To Deceive As A Moderator Of The Criterion-Related Validity Of Preemployment Personality Testing, Travis J. Schneider

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to create a measure with evidence of reliability and validity that can moderate the criterion-related validity of personality assessment in personnel selection settings. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor a priori theoretical model of the measure, the Perceived Ability to Deceive (PATD) scale. However, the strong average inter-factor correlation (r = .59) and the high internal consistency reliability (composite α = .93) of the PATD suggested that the factors tap the same underlying construct. Therefore, the PATD was scored Unidimensionally in subsequent analyses. The PATD also demonstrated evidence of discriminant validity. Finally, the PATD …

Centrality Within The Peer Group Asa Moderator Of Peer Group Dinfluence On Aggression, Megan P.A. Kinal

Digitized Theses

Children’s peer groups influence individual behavior and attitudes through group normative influence, which previously has been assumed to affect all group members . . J. . equally. However, two competing theories suggest that group influence on members may not be uniform. Reciprocal socialization theorists posit that group members who interact with each other more frequently (i.e., central members) will be more influenced by group norms than those who interact less frequently (i.e., peripheral members) as a result of greater opportunity for mutual socialization. Social identity theorists posit that peripheral group members will be more influenced by group norms than central …

Member Familiarity As A Predictor Of Team Adaptation, Sheerin Thussu

Digitized Theses

This research investigated between-subjects effects of team member familiarity on team performance and adaptation with cognitive ability and task experience as covariates. Fifty-two two-person teams, comprised of members who were either familiar or unfamiliar with each other, participated in 10 trials of an interactive computer game. Midway through the triais, the nature of the task was changed substantially. Performance scores were recorded after each trial. It was observed that member familiarity was not significantly related with overall task performance but that cognitive ability and specific task experience were. Familiar team members experienced a significantly smaller postchange drop in performance when …

Show Me That You Want Me Too : Social Attention And Face Preferences In Person Perception, Kevin M. Purring

Digitized Theses

Recent findings in the face processing literature demonstrate that responses to aesthetic facial attractiveness are qualified by the extent to which the face shows positive social interest in the viewer. This may reflect an unconscious process that facilitates the allocation of social effort to the most attractive individuals who appear likely to reciprocate one’s own interest. The present study was designed to probe the general mechanism by which these cues shape face preferences by testing the predictions of an arousal-based account of current findings against those of an engagement-based account in a novel extension of the typical face rating paradigm …

The Dehumanization Of Refugees, Stelian Medianu

Digitized Theses

The frequent use of animalistic metaphors to depict refugees in Western societies - both by the media and politicians - raises an interesting question: Do people implicitly associate refugees with animals? The current study investigated this research question, and the relation between implicit and explicit measures of dehumanization. Furthermore, the current study looked at how implicit and explicit measures of the dehumanization of refugees relate to individual difference variables such as Social Dominance Orientation and Essentialism, emotions toward refugees, willingness to have contact with refugees, and willingness to provide help to refugees. Using sequential priming and self report measures, the …

The Effects Of Semantic Transparency On The Processing Of Complex Derived Words, Laura Westmaas

Digitized Theses

The current study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the effects of semantic transparency on the early processing of complex words. The predictions from competing theories of morphological processing, pure decomposition and parallel distributed processing (PDP), were tested using a colour-morpheme boundary paradigm (Rapp, 1992). Semantically transparent forms that were segmented by colour in a way that was congruent or incongruent with the morpheme boundary (builder versus builder) were compared to quasi-regular forms with some semantic relatedness between stem and form (folder versus folder), semantically opaque forms (muster versus muster), and orthographie control forms (bucket versus bucket) in a go/no-go …

Rwandan Mental Health And The Implications Of Western Involvement, Adija Mugabo

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this research was to explore factors associated with mental health

service provision from the perspective of Rwandan professionals. Rwandan participants discussed how culture influenced the therapeutic needs and goals of citizens and how Western-trained professionals could support the development of local mental health services. An ethnographie study was conducted, which included semi-structured interviews with 10 Rwandan mental health professionals. The transcriptions were analyzed using a content analysis procedure to identify overarching themes from the data. Themes from the data included transitional stage, infrastructure development, emotional

secrecy, multidisciplinary work, community integration, speaking outside of society and cultural awareness. …

Becoming Intimate With Developmental Knowledge: Pedagogical Explorations With Collective Biography, Veronica Pacini-Ketchabaw, Kathleen Kummen, Deborah Thompson

Education Publications

In this article, we draw on postfoundational frameworks to make visible the subjectification processes by which practitioners simultaneously master and become mastered by developmental theories. We emphasize the implication of the entire minded-body in the processes of the developmental worker formation. We show these processes through empirical investigation with data gathered through collective biography in a child development graduate course in a child and youth care program. Often developmental psychology masks itself as “just natural” knowledge that informs our practice. However, the article shows that our relationship with developmental psychology is much more intricate and intimate than we might believe. …

Beyond Scientific Materialism: Toward A Transcendent Theory Of Consciousness, Imants Barušs

Psychology

Analysis of the social-cognitive substrate of scientific activity reveals that much of science functions in an inauthentic mode whereby a materialist world view constrains the authentic practice of science. But materialism cannot explain matter, as evidenced by empirical data concerning the nature of physical manifestation. Nor, then, should materialism be the basis for our interpretation of consciousness. It is time to move beyond scientific materialism and develop transcendent theories of consciousness. Such theories should minimally meet the following criteria: they should be based on all of the usual empirical data concerning consciousness, including altered states of consciousness; they should take …

Weight Gain And Psychotropic's, Amresh Srivastava, Megan Johnston

Data and Test Instruments

Weight gain in psychiatric populations is a common clinical challenge. Many patients suffering from mental disorders, when exposed to psychotropic medications, gain significant weight with or without other side effects. In addition to reducing the patients’ willingness to comply with treatment, this weight gain may create added psychological or physiological problems that need to be addressed. Thus, it is critical that clinicians take precautions to monitor and control weight gain and to take into account and treat all problems facing an individual. In this review, we examine some of the key issues surrounding weight gain in individuals suffering from mental …

The Political Psychology Of (De)Securitization: Place-Making Strategies In Denmark, Sweden, And Canada, Catarina Kinnvall, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Data and Test Instruments

In this article we demonstrate how both state structures and collective agencies contribute to patterns of securitization and, in so doing, reconfigure conceptions of space and place. Focusing on the life-chances of Muslim minority populations in Denmark, Sweden, and Canada, we begin by establishing how experiences of empire and colonization have shaped dominant regimes of citizenship and multiculturalism. Analyzing responses to the Danish newspaper publication of the 'Mohammed cartoons', we illustrate the dynamics of place making that are operative in the political psychology of securitization. Our analysis illustrates the cosmopolitical and dialogical character of Canadian multiculturalism and how such a …

Current Understanding And Pharmacological Management Of Suicide Behavior In Clinical Setting, Amresh Shrivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

This presentation addresses these issues:
• Nature of problem in clinical settings
• Current understanding about suicide behavior (neurobiology)
• What can be done to deal with suicide in clinical settings
• Pharmacological management

Do Atypical Antipsychotics Differ In Determining Long-Term Outcome Of First Episode Schizophrenia? A Naturalistic Outcome Study In India, Amresh Srivastava, Nilesh Shah, Megan Johnston, Larry Stitt, Meghana Thakar, Gurusamy Chinnasamy, Anukant Mital

Psychiatry Presentations

Antipsychotic medications form the mainstream of treatment in schizophrenia. These drugs have several short term as well long term advantage. It is not known if atypical antipsychotics have the long-term effect in improving outcome and meeting expectations (1,2,3). The present study examined usage and association of antipsychotics drugs with clinical outcome a long-term naturalistic study.

Changes In Self-Schema Structure In Cognitive Therapy For Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial., David J A Dozois, Peter J Bieling, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Lori Hoar, Susan Chudzik, Katie Mccabe, Henny A Westra

Psychology Publications

Negative cognitive structure (particularly for interpersonal content) has been shown in some research to persist past a current episode of depression and potentially to be a stable marker of vulnerability for depression (D. J. A. Dozois, 2007; D. J. A. Dozois & K. S. Dobson, 2001a). Given that cognitive therapy (CT) is highly effective for treating the acute phase of a depressive episode and that this treatment also reduces the risk of relapse and recurrence, it is possible that CT may alter these stable cognitive structures. In the current study, patients were randomly assigned to CT+ pharmacotherapy (n = 21) …

Adding A Motivational Interviewing Pretreatment To Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial., Henny A Westra, Hal Arkowitz, David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

Seventy-six individuals with a principal diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) were randomly assigned to receive either an MI pretreatment or no pretreatment (NPT), prior to receiving CBT. Significant group differences favoring the MI-CBT group were observed on the hallmark GAD symptom of worry and on therapist-rated homework compliance, which mediated the impact of treatment group on worry reduction. Adding MI pretreatment to CBT was specifically and substantively beneficial for individuals with high worry severity at baseline. There was evidence of relapse at 6-month follow-up for high severity individuals who received MI-CBT, but significant moderator effects favoring the high severity …

Understanding Attitudes To Refugees And Immigrants In Australia, Winnifred Louis

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Why Origins Matter: Central Americans In Canada, Alan B. Simmons

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Early Psychosis: A Novel Gateway For Suicide Prevention, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

Poster Introductions Iii--Antipsychotic Utilization In British Columbia From 1997 To 2006, Joseph H. Puyat, Wayne Jones, Elliot M. Goldner

Health over the Life Course Conference (2009)

This study examined the prevalent use of antipsychotic medication in British Columbia from 1997 to 2006 among individuals aged 20 and above. Utilization data were obtained from BC’s PharmaNet system – a provincially maintained database that contains prescription dispensation records and demographic information for individuals residing in BC. Using the American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) Pharmacologic-Therapeutic Classification, claim records for Antipsychotics, Atypical Antipsychotics, Butyrophenones, Phenotiazines, Thioxanthenes, and Miscellaneous Antipsychotics were identified in the PharmaNet dataset. Individuals who filled at least 1 antipsychotic prescription in a given year were counted as prevalent users. Results were examined across gender and several age …

Poster Introductions Ii--Children’S Health Prior To School Entry And Reading Skills In The First Year Of Primary School: Identifying Protective Factors, Karine Tétreault, Hélène Desrosiers, Jean-François Cardin

Health over the Life Course Conference (2009)

Background: Reading skills at school entry are one of the main determinants of future academic performance.1 Therefore, less than optimal health during the first years of life can affect the capacity for learning,2 which in turn can have an impact on health and social adjustment throughout life. The main goal of this analysis was to examine the impact of young children’s health trajectories on their reading skills in the first year of primary school (Grade 1), as assessed by their teachers.

Methods: The analysis was based on data collected annually during the first eight years of the Québec Longitudinal Study …

Poster Introductions Ii--The Children’S Health And Activity Modification Program (C.H.A.M.P.): Exploring The Impact Of A 4-Week Lifestyle Intervention On Obese Children And Their Families, Erin S. Pearson, Shauna M. Burke, Jennifer D. Irwin

Health over the Life Course Conference (2009)

C.H.A.M.P., a 4-week day camp for obese children aged 8-14, was held during August 2008. The program included daily physical activity, dietary, and behavioural modification for children, and similarly-themed educational sessions for family members on weekends. The purpose of the present study was to explore the experiences of children and family members who participated in C.H.A.M.P.. Methods: This qualitative study enlisted a trained facilitator to moderate five focus groups immediately following the intervention. Children (n = 12) were allocated to 1 of 2 groups; parents (n = 17) were allocated to 1 of 3 groups. Following a semi-structured interview guide, …