Digital Commons Network^™

A Force Of Nature: The Maternal Appetite Of Good And Evil Women In “Snow White,” “Hansel And Gretel” And “Rapunzel”, Emily L. Hiltz

Digitized Theses

ABSTRACT

This thesis discusses representations of women, appetite, and food in well-known literary fairy tales and contemporary feminist works. Tales popular in North America consistently link female identity to Mother Nature by way of forbidden food and transgressive appetites, which are the prime means of establishing women’s good or evil status. The good/evil binary between heroines and witches appears representative of Jungian psychology’s Great Mother archetype; however, this binary understanding is founded on myths of motherhood and the fear of female power and sexuality. Analyzing the Grimms’ classic “Snow White,” “Hansel and Gretel,” and “Rapunzel” versions, as well as feminist …

Attitudes And Intentions Towards Ex-Convicts: An Individual Difference Approach, Kimberley R. Dalke

Digitized Theses

ABSTRACT

Independent determinants of intention to interact with ex-convicts were investigated, including attitudes, norms, and perceived controllability. Attitude measurement incorporated implicit and explicit attitudes assessed by employing the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP: Payne, Cheng, Govorun, and Stewart, 2005) and self- report questionnaires, respectively. It was anticipated that the individual difference of Uncertainty Orientation would moderate the relationship between these factors and intention. Results did not support predictions. Additional analyses however did reveal a significant 4-way interaction in predicting behavioural intentions. Potential modification of implicit attitudes towards ex-convicts using Affirmation-Negation training was also investigated. It was predicted that affirmation training would …

Brain And Behaviour In Bumblebees (Bombus Impatiens): Serial Reversal Learning And Adult Mushroom Body Development, Caroline G. Strang

Digitized Theses

This thesis explores learning in bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) and its relation to foraging and development of the mushroom bodies of the bee brain. The first experiment describes the performance of bees on a serial reversal task. Reversal learning requires animals to change their behavior with changes in reward contingencies and is a measure of behavioural flexibility. Results show that bumblebees are capable of improving in a serial reversal task. The second experiment explores the effects of foraging experience on bumblebee mushroom bodies. Mushroom body volume was compared in bees confined to the colony, bees actively foraging, and bees tested on …

Children’S Imagery Use In Active Play, Danielle Christiane Tobin

Digitized Theses

Physical activity is important in everyday life; however 88% o f Canadian children are not physically active (CFLRI, 2008). It is important to identify strategies to assist children to increase their physical activity; one such strategy could be imagery. The purpose ofthe present study was to examine children’s use of imagery in their active play using a qualitative approach based on the three basic psychological needs put forth by Basic Needs Theory (autonomy, competence and relatedness; Deci & Ryan, 2002). In addition, the study examined gender and age differences that existed in children’s use of imagery in their active play. …

Development And Initial Validation Of The Workplace Resilience Inventory: Evidence Supporting A New Model Of Resilience, Matthew James Walter Mclarnon

Digitized Theses

This study sought to provide the initial development and accumulation of evidence supporting a new measure of resilience. Based on the shortcomings of previously available measurement tools, a more comprehensive and integrative assessment tool was developed based on the theoretical model of King and Rothstein (2010). The resulting measure, the Workplace Resilience Inventory (WRI), encompasses an individual’s personal characteristics, social support network, initial responses to a significant and life changing event, and self-regulatory processes. The WRI demonstrates statistically significant relations with important individual well-being outcomes, such as depression, perceived stress, intentions to withdraw, and satisfaction with life. The WRI is …

Energized By Love: Physiological Consequences Of Partner Reflection, Sarah Claire Evans Stanton

Digitized Theses

Prior research has demonstrated that when individuals think about their romantic partner, they experience specific physiological responses (e.g., cortisol reactivity). Guided by these findings, the present study explored the potential physiological and behavioral benefits associated with partner reflection; specifically, the idea that individuals would be physically energized by partner reflection, and that this energy would allow them to persevere when presented with a complex task. Results revealed that participants who thought about their romantic partner exhibited both short-term and long-term increases in blood glucose, relative to those who thought about their morning routine or a friend. These increases in glucose …

Emotion’S Influence On The Evaluation Of Familiarity, Devin Duke

Digitized Theses

Emotion enhances the encoding and consolidation of memory traces, leading to the salient reliving of emotional experiences. In the recognition memory literature, the induction of somatic arousal and feelings of perceptual fluency during retrieval have been associated with illusory familiarity. Understudied in this literature is an investigation into how one’s emotional state, independent of stimulus content, influences recollective and familiarity-based recognition memory retrieval. Two priming paradigms were employed in the current thesis research to contrast the effects of affective priming and identity priming on familiarity and recollection using the Remember/Know procedure. Enhanced familiarity-based discrimination was revealed using affective priming, selective …

Examining Associations Between Infant Negative Emotionality, Maternal Sensitivity, And Attachment In A Longitudinal Sample, Caitlin E. Best

Digitized Theses

This longitudinal study investigated the extent to which infant negative emotionality and maternal sensitivity predicted various aspects of infant-mother attachment. Infant and maternal behaviour was assessed at three time points: infant negative emotionality in the still-face paradigm at 4 months, maternal sensitivity in the home at 10 months, and infant-mother attachment in the Strange Situation at 13 months. Analyses were conducted using categorical and continuous measures of attachment from 62 infant- mother dyads. ANOVAs and hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that maternal sensitivity scores predicted infants’ security of attachment (B/not-B), but not emotionality in the Strange Situation (A1-B2/B3-C2). Infant negative …

From His-Story To Her-Story: The Evolution Of The Psycho- Educational Concept Of The Gifted Female, Alyson Noelle Nemeth

Digitized Theses

The present study asked the question: Why does the psycho-educational concept of the ‘gifted female’ exist? In an effort to determine why the gifted female came to be a separate category within the field of educational psychology, the pearl harvesting information retrieval method (Sandieson, Kirkpatrick, Sandieson, & Zimmerman, 2010) was employed to gather extensive literature about gifted females. Academic literature and research about gifted females from the past 100 years was collected and analyzed in a chronological format. . :

It was found that literature about the gifted female fell into five chronological phases. Phase I of gifted female literature …

Exploring The Impact Of Job Loss As A Function Of Grief Depression, Optimism, Hope And Self-Efficacy, Jessica Karrie Penley Isenor

Digitized Theses

This study explored the impact of job loss within a framework of bereavement grief that links the negative effects of unemployment on both an individual’s physiological and psychological well-being. 519 participants who experienced involuntary job loss were examined through a series of demographic questions, a question on work centrality, and survey responses on scales of grief, depression, optimism, hope and self-efficacy.

The preliminary results suggest that at least 6.94% of the participant sample experienced a grief-type reaction immediately after their job loss while depression symptoms were more prevalent across the entire sample. Women appeared to have a greater grief reaction …

Genetic And Contextual Determinants Of Early-Emerging Effortful Control, Heather J. Smith

Digitized Theses

Effortful control (EC) has important implications for children’s development. Although genetic factors and parenting have been shown to influence EC, few studies have examined whether they interact to predict its development. The current study investigated associations between parenting and children’s EC, and whether these associations were moderated by children’s DRD4 exon III VNTR genotype. A community sample o f 409 three-year-olds completed behavioural measures o f EC, and their caregivers completed laboratory and self-report measures of parenting. Observed and self- reported negative parenting were associated with lower child EC. The association between children’s EC and positive parenting was moderated by …

Longitudinal Associations Between Temperament, Social Competence, And Internalizing Disorders Risk In Middle Childhood, Sarah V.M. Mackrell

Digitized Theses

While psychopathologists posit that temperament plays a critical role in internalizing disorder (i.e., depression and anxiety) risk, the mediators of this risk are poorly understood. Additionally, no previous studies have examined whether temperament traits interact to predict risk mediators. The current study examined longitudinal associations between temperament and social competence in middle childhood, a likely mediator of temperamental risk for psychopathology, using a multi-method approach. A sample of 205 7-year-old children was assessed for temperament using laboratory and parent-report measures. At age 9, these children completed a stress task that entailed social evaluation,before and after which cortisol samples were collected. …

Laughter And Love: The Role Of Humour Styles In Dating Relationships, Sara M. Caird

Digitized Theses

This investigation examined the associations between relationship-focused humour styles and relationship satisfaction and dissatisfaction, as well as positive and negative interactions between dating partners. Undergraduate students (n - 136) completed measures that assessed trait-level characteristics, as well as a series o f online questionnaires that assessed their relationship satisfaction and dissatisfaction, positive and negative interactions in their dating relationships, and their use of humour styles with their partners over the previous three days. Time-lagged analyses were conducted via Hierarchical Linear Modeling to examine the directionality of the associations between variables. Some associations were reciprocal. Daily increases in affiliative humour were …

Melatonin, Aggression, And Social Dominance In Black-Capped Chickadees (Poecile Atricapillus), Buddhamas Kriengwatana

Digitized Theses

Non-breeding black-capped chickadees form linear dominance hierarchies in the winter. Dominants establish and maintain status by repeatedly directing aggression towards subordinates despite having regressed testes and likely also basal levels of testosterone. Melatonin has been shown to facilitate aggression in some animals under non-breeding conditions. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether melatonin was associated with aggressive black-capped chickadee dominant-subordinate interactions during the establishment of dominance status. The second aim of this study was to determine whether exogenous melatonin affected aggressive vocalizations more than non-aggressive vocalizations. Plasma melatonin was not significantly correlated to aggression. Moreover, exogenous melatonin …

Perceiving Cosmopolitanism: A Critical Schema Of The Initial Moment Of Cross-Cultural Perception, Hart J. Walker

Digitized Theses

The main purpose of this work is to provide a critique of Kwame Anthony Appiah's liberal cosmopolitan theory. To do this I will be providing a theoretical account of the initial moment of cross-cultural perception, that instant in which one perceives another as one who is from a cultural background other than one's own. This account will be constructed using concepts taken from and inspired by the work Georg Simmel and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The purpose of the critique is to illustrate one of the major shortcomings of Appiah's theory, which is that it does not take into account any research …

Psychological And School Adjustment Of Migrant Children In Beijing: The Interactive Contributions Of Child Aggression And Parenting Styles, Siman Zhao

Digitized Theses

This study examined both the concurrent and longitudinal relations of child aggression and parenting styles to psychological and school adjustment in migrant children in China. Of particular interest was the mitigating effect of good parenting on the relation between aggression and maladaptation. The sample consisted of 544 migrant children at Time 1and 200 migrant children at Time 2. Children’s aggression was assessed by peer nominations. Data on children’s academic achievement and psychological adjustment were collected from self reports, peer reports and school records. Parenting styles were measured through mother’s self-reports. Hierarchical regression models revealed that concurrently, aggressive children with mothers …

Pragmatics Of Ironic Criticism, James Gordon Boylan

Digitized Theses

Previous studies have demonstrated that ironic criticism can either dilute or enhance a message and that it may provide a mnemonic advantage. This thesis investigated whether irony dilutes or enhances ironic criticism as a function of contrast or speaker orientation (whether an interpreter concentrates on speaker intention or social impact). Participants were asked to interpret the functions of direct and ironic criticisms in short written scenarios which each described a friendly conversation (study 1) or an argument (study 2) between close, same gender friends. Ratings of ironic criticism were not dependent on either contrast or interpreter orientation, nor was there …

Simultaneous Conditioning Of Anticpatory Nausea And Taste Avoidance And The Influence Of Immune System Stimulation, Caylen Joan Cloutier

Digitized Theses

Immune system stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicits a specific set of physiological and behavioral responses termed “sickness behavior”. LPS treatment has been found to impair learning and memory in a variety of learning paradigms, including those for anticipatory nausea and conditioned taste avoidance. Traditional conditioning paradigms typically employ a single conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). This thesis used an intravascular (intraperitoneal) saccharin “taste” cue, together with the toxin LiCl, given immediately prior to anticipatory nausea context conditioning, in order to simultaneously condition responses to both internal (taste) and external (context) conditioning stimuli. The effects of LPS on the …

The Causal Role O F Attention Bias In Depressive Symptomatology, Rebecca Mcdermott

Digitized Theses

Cognitive theories of depression have, for years, postulated the causal role of

attentional biases in depression. The research that has investigated this relationship, however, has been entirely correlational. With the advent of cognitive bias modification techniques (Mathews & MacLeod, 2002) it is now possible to modify attentional bias experimentally. This study explored potential ethical implications o f negative attentional training and aimed to demonstrate that attentional biases are trainable and causally linked to changes in depression characteristics (self-esteem and dysfunctional attitudes). The first study

demonstrated that the results o f negative attentional training (using a modified dot- probe task) are …

The Social Behaviour Of Shy Children In A Familiar Peer Group Context, Eugene Ji

Digitized Theses

This study examined the shy behaviour of shy children in their familiar peer groups, and variation in shy behaviour as a function of peer group supportiveness. Participants were 390 children (172 boys, 218 girls) in the fourth through eighth grade (Mage = 11.06, SD = 1.38). Children’s shyness was measured with peer nominations, and peer groups were identified by the Social Cognitive Map procedure. Observations of peer groups during a 10-minute free-play session were coded for solitary and self-expressive behaviour, and peer group supportiveness and unsupportiveness. Hierarchal linear models indicated that shyness predicted greater solitary behaviour and less self-expressive behaviour. …

Predicting Job Applicant Faking With Self-Control, Justin Ryan Feeney

Digitized Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether individual differences in personality, self­ control in particular, could predict job applicant faking, and if so, to investigate whether these relationships predicted faking through their prediction of Motivation to Fake. In general, there was mixed support for the prediction of faking using personality variables. Dutifulness, Achievement Striving, and Self-Monitoring all provided small to medium prediction of faking and self-control offered incremental prediction in predicting Motivation to Fake beyond Dutifulness and Achievement Striving through classical suppression. There was also evidence that Motivation to Fake mediated the prediction of applicant faking using Dutifulness, …

Persuasive Effects Of Source Likeability On Implicit And Explicit Evaluations: The Role Of Cognitive Elaboration During Encoding Versus Judgment, Laura A. Creighton

Digitized Theses

The present research examined the persuasive effects of source likeability on implicit and explicit evaluations. Addressing a frequent confound in persuasion research, I argue that these effects can be understood only if one distinguishes between elaboration during encoding versus judgment. I predicted that source likeability would influence implicit evaluations irrespective of elaboration during encoding or judgment. Further, I predicted that elaboration during judgment would determine whether the influence of source likeability on implicit evaluations translated into corresponding explicit evaluations, such that implicit and explicit evaluations would show consistent effects of source likeability under conditions of low, but not high, elaboration …

Negative Associations Between Corpus Callosum Midsagittal Area And Iq In A Representative Sample Of Healthy Children And Adolescents., Hooman Ganjavi, John D Lewis, Pierre Bellec, Penny A Macdonald, Deborah P Waber, Alan C Evans, Sherif Karama, The Brain Development Cooperative Group

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Documented associations between corpus callosum size and cognitive ability have heretofore been inconsistent potentially owing to differences in sample characteristics, differing methodologies in measuring CC size, or the use of absolute versus relative measures. We investigated the relationship between CC size and intelligence quotient (IQ) in the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development sample, a large cohort of healthy children and adolescents (aged six to 18, n = 198) recruited to be representative of the US population. CC midsagittal area was measured using an automated system that partitioned the CC into 25 subregions. IQ was measured using the Wechsler …

Global Insecurity And Citizenship Strategies: Young Muslims In The West, Catarina Kinnvall, Paul Nesbitt-Larking

Data and Test Instruments

This article is set in the contemporary context of global challenges: economic crises, state deformations, and rapidly accelerating flows of people, ideas, and ideals. It has two main aims. One is to establish theoretical and empirical links between securitization studies and analyses of citizenship in the light of globalization, multiculturalism and discourses on terror. The second is to illustrate how macro events play out at the collective and individual level in terms of socio-psychological (in)securities that condition different citizenship strategies. The empirical basis for the article includes our studies of Western Muslims in the Netherlands, France, the UK, Sweden, Denmark, …

Air War And Dream: Photographing The London Blitz, Sharon Sliwinski

Data and Test Instruments

This paper treats Lee Miller's photographs of the London Blitz as a species of dream, which is to say, the Surrealist's images are regarded as a special form of thinking in which the conflicts and horrors of the times are represented in an effort to discharge their destructive force. This treatment calls upon Freud's discussion of dream-work, but also upon Didier Anzieu and Wilfred Bion's later writings, which consider the defensive and protective qualities of oneiric life. Miller's photography, like dream, provides a glimpse into the interior dimension of human existence. The essay argues that this interior dimension provides protection …

Prospective Evaluation Of A Cognitive Vulnerability-Stress Model For Depression: The Interaction Of Schema Self-Structures And Negative Life Events., Pamela M Seeds, David J A Dozois

Psychology Publications

This study tested the diathesis-stress component of Beck's (1967) cognitive theory of depression. Initially, participants completed measures assessing cognitive organization of the self-schema and depressive symptoms. One year later, participants completed measures assessing cognitive organization of the self-schema, depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, controlling for initial depression, indicated that more tightly interconnected negative content was associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of life events. More diffusely interconnected positive content for interpersonal self-referent information also interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Cognitive organization dimensions showed moderate to high stability across …

London And Middlesex Local Immigration Partnership – Research Needs And Potential Partnerships, Huda Hussein

Migration and Ethnic Relations Colloquium Series

No abstract provided.

Failing To Ignore: Paradoxical Neural Effects Of Perceptual Load On Early Attentional Selection In Normal Aging, Taylor W. Schmitz, Frederick H.T. Cheng, Eve De Rosa

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

We examined visual selective attention under perceptual load - simultaneous presentation of task-relevant and -irrelevant information - in healthy young and older adult human participants to determine whether age differences are observable at early stages of selection in the visual cortices. Participants viewed 50/50 superimposed face/place images and judged whether the faces were male or female, rendering places perceptible but task-irrelevant. Each stimulus was repeated, allowing us to index dynamic stimulus-driven competition from places. Consistent with intact early selection in young adults, we observed no adaptation to unattended places in parahippocampal place area (PPA) and significant adaptation to attended faces …

The Role Of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Genotype, Parental Depression, And Relationship Discord In Predicting Early-Emerging Negative Emotionality, Elizabeth P. Hayden, Daniel N. Klein, Lea R. Dougherty, Thomas M. Olino, Margaret W. Dyson, C. Durbin, Haroon I. Sheikh, Shiva M. Singh

Paediatrics Publications

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is a plausible candidate for early-emerging negative emotionality (NE), and evidence suggests that the effects of this gene may be especially salient in the context of familial risk for child maladjustment. We therefore examined whether the single-nucleotide polymorphism producing a valine-to-methionine substitution at codon 66 (val66met) of the BDNF gene was associated with childhood NE, in the context of parental depression and relationship discord. A sample of 413 three-year-old children was assessed for NE using standardized laboratory measures. The children's parents completed clinical interviews as well as a measure of marital satisfaction. Children with …

The Serotonin Transporter Promoter Polymorphism And Childhood Positive And Negative Emotionality, Elizabeth P. Hayden, Daniel N. Klein, Haroon I. Sheikh, Thomas M. Olino, Lea R. Dougherty, Margaret W. Dyson, C. Emily Durbin, Shiva M. Singh, Burton, Evdokia Anagnostou, Stelios Georgiades, Rob Nicolson, Elizabeth Kelley, Muhammad Ayub, Daphne J. Korczak, Catherine S. Birken

Paediatrics Publications

Association studies of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and negative emotionality (NE) are inconclusive. However, emerging evidence suggests that the association between this polymorphism and NE may be influenced by levels of another temperament trait, positive emotionality (PE). Therefore, this study examined whether the association between the 5-HTTLPR and NE was moderated by PE. A community sample of 413 three-year-old children completed a standardized battery of laboratory tasks designed to tap temperamental emotionality. Children were also genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR. No direct association between 5-HTTLPR genotype and NE was found. However, the interaction of child PE and NE predicted …