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A Limnological Investigation Of A Tropical Fresh-Water Ecosystem: The Belize River, Belize, Central America, Victor J. Gonzalez

Dissertations

The limnology of the Belize River, from the region of Spanish Lookout to the region of Belize City, was investigated from 1977 through 1979. The investigation was done primarily during the months of May through August, covering the two seasonal changes--wet and dry--that occur in this tropical region. The investigation sought to describe various parameters of the Belize River so as to gain an understanding of this tropical fresh-water ecosystem and to provide basic information needed for the development of management programs.

Water samples were collected from eight stations and analyzed for acidity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, chloride, sodium chromate, hexavalent …

The Structured Meeting System: A Procedure For Supervising The Completion Of Nonrecurring Tasks, Barbara J. Fulton

Dissertations

Supervision of delegated tasks is often a source of organizational problems, because workers do not complete tasks as efficiently as managers expect. Analysis of the work setting suggests that behaviors of both supervisors and supervisees are governed by overlapping contingencies; different supervisor behaviors probably result in different contingencies for supervisee behavior. The analysis also reveals two categories of tasks: recurring tasks and nonrecurring tasks, with the latter type requiring frequent supervisor attention to assign new tasks and monitor previous ones. Contingencies for nonrecurring tasks were targeted for study in the present research, because of indications by managers that productivity and …

Western News, July 31, 1980, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Dickason wins Fulbright Award, Degree program begins in Battle Creek, 'The Westerner' makes its debut, Announce distribution of caps/gowns, Sports medicine clinic inaugurated, Petroleum Distribution courses give students a preview of jobs, Soccer schedule features top U.S. teams

Western News, July 24, 1980, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Computer Science enrollment up, California "Fanfairs" coming Aug. 1, AAUP elects two faculty to top offices, Yelsma will appear on WUHQ-TV programs, Biology department offers new service, Open press box window helps officers put end to campus thefts, Hockey broadcasts will resume this year

Western News, July 21, 1980, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Approve appointment of Luscombe as dean of College of Fine Arts, Kaarlela appointed department head, Gordon named acting assistant to VP, June grants total $2 million, Board okays comprehensive plan for student financial aid office, Nisbet to retire; given emeritus status, O.K. lease of Health Center kitchen

Wmu Board Of Trustees Regular Meeting July 18, 1980, Wmu Board Of Trustees

WMU Board of Trustees Meetings

• Acceptance of the Agenda
• Minutes
• Petitions and Communications
• Remarks by the President
• Academic Personnel Report
• Gift and Grant Report
• Authorization to Confer Degrees
• Comprehensive Plan for Student Financial Aid
• Health Center Lease
• Annuity Trust Investments
• Board Committee Reports

Western News, July 17, 1980, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Paper Science gets gift, Yugoslav violinist will give concert, Scholarship for English majors announced, Kellogg Foundation Trust picks Ludlow, Personnel Department reviews overtime pay policy for hourly employees, CEO helps students learn study skills, Jurors recruited for mock trial

Western News, July 10, 1980, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Summer session enrollment is 7.5 percent above 1979, Dale Ackerson memorial services Friday, Information on 1980-81 salary raises, Retirees potluck dinner set for July 18, Films on China here Wednesday, Edo Weits on WKZO-TV Wednesday, Employees urged to enter car pools, It's now Handicapper Student Services, Emeritus Ray Deur wins education award

Western News, July 3, 1980, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: University receives grant for underground water research, Independence Day toasts for all occasions uncovered by Reish, Homecoming Committee members named, Holiday hours posted for libraries/ USC, $2,200 awarded Petroleum Distribution, Upward Bound Program now going here

A Proper Attitude Toward Science, William W. Cobern

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

The attitude of a man determine his speech and actions. That is why it is more important for children to leave school with positives attitudes about learning than with acquired and refined skills and knowledge. A child in school may learn to read but unless he also gains a positive attitude about reading he will not read on his own. So it is with science. Along with the acquisition of the skills and knowledge of science should come a positive attitude about science. Furthermore in the field of science as well as a positive one. This is the subject at …

Integrating The Esl Reader Into The American College Classroom, Suzanne L. Bunkers

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

A non-native speaker of English attending an American college cir university needs a variety of reading skills to succeed as a student, as a resident of an American town or city, and as a member of the cultural community, Although each student's needs will differ according to his/her previous amount of contact with the English language, certain general needs can be assessed for the non-native speaker who has at least an intermediate range of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. Both secondary and college teachers can help ESL (English as a Second Language) readers prepare for and adjust to life …

Teachers As Readers: An Extension Of The 'Impact Of Reading' Survey, Eugene H. Cramer, Camille L.Z. Blachowicz

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Do teachers have a responsibility to help students to develop positive attitudes about reading? The idea that teachers can and should play a major role in the development of students' reading habits and interests has never been seriously questioned. In fact, most reading methods texts and many journal articles repeatedly stress this aspect of teachers' responsibilities. "Interests do not grow in a vacuum ... the teacher's task, then, is not only to feed the interests the child already possesses but to open up new avenues of interest and opportunity" (Strickland, 1957). "Developing permanent interests in reading must be the goal …

Timon Of Athens: The Iconography Of False Friendship, Clifford Davidson

English Faculty Publications

The realization that iconographic tableaux appear at central points in the drama of Shakespeare no longer seems to involve a radical critical perspective. Thus a recent study is able to show convincingly that the playwright presented audiences with a Hamlet who upon his first appearance on stage illustrated what the Renaissance would certainly have recognized as the melancholic contemplative personality. As I have noted in a previous article, the hero of Macbeth when he sees the bloody dagger before him is in fact perceiving the image which most clearly denotes tragedy itself; in the emblem books, the dagger is indeed …

The 5 C'S: A Problem-Solving Approach To Study Skills, Anthony V. Manzo, Ula Casale

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The most expansive and mobilizing impression a student can acquire is that what is, may be, but it can be otherwise. The attitude that all life and circumstances are amenable to analysis and some measure of modification is the avowed purpose of the strategy to improve "Study Skills" described below.

Guest Editorial: Message To Publishers--We Need Expanded Role Models In Reading Materials, Kathryn P. Scott

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

A letter from the editor.

Suggestions For Improving The Language Development Of Disabled Secondary Readers, Nancy A. Mavrogenes

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

As high school teachers of reading and English know, some students in their classrooms are poor in all areas of language. They read on a fourth-grade level; they write and spell so as to obscure most communication; they speak in simple sentences; their listening ability is so low that they can't seem to follow most directions. What can we do to fill in the innumerable gaps in all these areas? It is the purpose of this article to present two ways to improve a student's level of language development: 1) daily exposure to good literature in the original (not adapted …

A Self-Appraisal Inventory For Reading Teachers, Linda Mixon Clary

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

After teaching my first year in a sixth grade class, where the reading levels ranged from 2 to 12, I realized that I needed to know more about teaching reading. I went back to school and learned a lot more. Then, I worked with a federal project that functioned in about a dozen school districts, so I saw lots of teachers - some very good and some awful- and lots of children. I then taught some more myself and decided that kids never get to be better readers without good teachers. But, that meant more training for me. When I …

Toward A More Cognitive Definition Of Reading Comprehension, Robert F. Carey

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Perhaps the most pervasive and unsettling problem confronting the community of reading educators, researchers, and theorists is the lack of a commonly held view of the precise nature of reading comprehension. "Comprehension" has developed denotative and connotative characteristics which befuddle even the most serious students of language and language processes.

This paper proposes, as a partial solution to this vexing situation, a straightforward theoretical construct as a lexical equivalent of the technical term. The focus here is upon relating reading comprehension to a variety of research and theoretical paradigms which lend themselves to divergent interpretations, but which have a common …

Surveys: Valuable Tools For The Reading Consultant, Jo Anne L. Vacca

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Surveys range from involved to simple; some are well-done, while others are poorly-constructed. One thing is certain ... depending on your own immediate objectives, the complexity of the survey will vary. But what of the quality? If you foresee any possibility of employing a survey, you may wish to consider the following information about the construction of survey instruments.

A Recreational Reading Program For Disabled Readers: It Works!, Marilyn A. Colvin, Elton Stetson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Much has been written about the desirability of turning disabled readers on to reading. Replacing negative feelings and disinterest which disabled readers typically have toward books is one of the most difficult tasks of all. But when disabled readers report little or no encouragement from home the challenge becomes even greater. Recent research has shown three very important factors in developing interest in reading-all three factors within the home: (1) fathers who read to children; (2) mothers who read to children and; (3) the availability of easy reading material in the home (Sucher, Note 1). When asked about reading habits …

Reading The Readability Rules: Erisa And The Spds, William N. Thompson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

EDITOR'S NOTE- While we are unable because of space limitations to print Dr. Thompson's study in its entirety, we know our readers will be interested in this excerpt regarding readability levels and the rules. Its irony may not be delightfully humorous, but it will elicit a wry smile, even from taxpayers.

Gifted Reading Programs: Uncovering The Hidden Potential, Patricia Alexander, Joseph A. Muia

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Within the last decade there has been a noticeable increase in the attention afforded the special segment of the school population termed "gifted" by reading educators. This interest has been engendered in part by the availability of Federal and State funds set aside for gifted instruction. Even with the rising concern for improved reading instruction of the gifted student, the questions arise as to whether the applied methods of identification used to affirm "giftedness" are indeed adequate and if reading instructional programs initiated for these students meet their highly specialized needs.

Spelling: The Beginnings Of Literacy, Donna Wiseman

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

There is a growing realization that very young children are aware of the print in their environment. The opportunities for developing this awareness prior to formal education are numerous. Being read to, interacting with print on signs, advertisements, packages and games, naming the letters, and watching Sesame Street and other television shows are just a few of the ways that children's attention becomes directed to the print in our society. Researchers and educators are beginning to explore the nature of the child's interest and knowledge of print prior to instruction.

The Over-The-Shoulder Conference: Teaching As Children Read, George E. Mason, Sharon V. Arthur

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Over-the-shoulder conferences are not replacements for formal conferences at the teacher's desk, nor for the disciplinary conference outside the door, but rather are brief, less-structured encounters. Over-the-shoulder conferences, loosely defined as the teacher interacting about reading material with a student at the student's seat, are neither unique nor novel. Nearly all teachers have worked with students in this manner. However, few teachers seem to make use of over-the-shoulder conferences in a systematic fashion which maximizes their effectiveness.

Reading Instruction For The Handicapped Child: Questions And Answers, David Nelson, Les Sternberg

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The concern of parents and teachers that some children have needs significantly different from the majority of other students has brought about educational opportunities which provide special learning environments and unique teaching procedures. From this educational endeavor, programs entitled "special education" have been established for the purpose of helping handicapped children develop their abilities to a maximum, It is important that the teacher of reading be aware of several essential principles regarding special education. First, teachers often become frustrated because the screening process for special education is often such a time-consuming procedure. Some children may remain in a regular classroom …

Below The Belt: Situational Ethics For Uniethical Situations, Gale Goldberg, Joy Elliott

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The word "politics" generally conjures up images of smokefilled, back rooms where unscrupulous men in shirt sleeves chew their cigars and make shady deals that serve partisan interests. But politics is neither inherently shady nor specific to back rooms. In fact, as long as society is differentiated along ethnic, sex and social class lines, politics pervades all of social life. You are involved in politics and so is your mother.

Non-Governmental Emergency Food Services: A Descriptive Study Of The Tertiary Welfare Sector, Stanley Wenocur

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study of voluntarily organized emergency food centers in Baltimore. These agencies comprise the heart of a tertiary welfare system that provides basic survival supplies without a means test to the needy who cannot obtain relief from traditional public or private sources. Forty-one emergency food services were identified in Baltimore and the heads of 37 of these agencies were interviewed in depth. The findings indicated that a large and heterogeneous population bad utilized emergency food agencies and that the agencies generally met the requisites for a true safety-net function - i.e., accessibility, non-bureaucratic …

Ecological Systems Theory In Social Work, Max Siporin

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Ecological systems theory is explicated as a current form of successive systems models used in social work. Behavior principles assumptive in this model are identified: of exchange balance, inner consistency, and dialectial change. Several misconceptions of ecological systems theory and a cultist aspect of its current popularity are addressed. Advantages, including the emergence of practice principles derived from this model, as well as its limitations are then discussed. The charge that systems theory helps maintain the status quo and the use of systems theory by radical proponents of system change are considered in terms of the dual function of social …

Jungian Theory And Social Work Practice, Herman Borenzweig

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Carl Jung's contributions to psychology, psychotherapy, and social science have had little impact upon social wonk practice. Social Work Abstracts to lists only one article where Jungian theory is utilized by social workers. McBroom has recently written an article "The Collective Unconscious as a Unifying Concept in Teaching Human Behavior Cross Culturally:" If only two articles about Jungian psychology have appeared in the social work literature in the last twelve years it seems safe to assume either that the ,Jungian oriented social workers practice their Jung underground and fail to publish on that Jung remains anathema to the profession.

In …

Family Health Policy Formulation: A Problematic Definitional Process, H. Hugh Floyd Jr.

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The family has become a focus of much concern over the past two decades as a variety of family related problems have become major social issues. These social-psychological problems are considered to have negative consequences at three analytical levels: individual, family and society. Therefore, considerable discussion has been raised about the establishment of family policy. Family policy is discussed in this paper as a definitional problematic process. Several problems of a conceptual and logistical nature are cited and some guidelines for family policy construction are made.