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An Examination On The Effect Of Ph On Flotation Deinking Kinetics, Brian R. Moran

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study was performed to determine if the flotation deinking process is first order with respect to ink particle concentration and to examine the effects that pH may have on the kinetics of ink removal flotation. A Hallimond tube laboratory flotation device was used to examine the process. Image analysis of ink particles was used to obtain quantitative results regarding flotation efficiency.

The examination verified that the flotation process follows the first order rate equation with some degree of experimental error. A trend in the effect of pH on deinking rate was also found. It was determined that the rate …

Metamessages And Problem-Solving Perspectives In Children's Literature, Kathleen A.J. Mohr

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Good literature can be a source for examples of problem-solving approaches that expose students to confident and effective conflict resolution strategies. By analyzing literary figures and their problem-solving approaches in a reflective manner, teachers encourage students to apply such techniques in their own complex circumstances. Regarding literature, Stephens (1989, p. 585-586) queried, "Shouldn't the books children read today reinforce the traits they are developing which will help them cope with their adult problems and become healthy, successful adults?"

The Effects Of Drying Conditions On The Properties Of Fines, Douglas A. Schuelke

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project was designed to study the impact of drying on the properties of fiber fines. Three different drying conditions were used: force-dry (0% moisture), force-dry (6% moisture), and air-dry (6% moisture). Fines were evaluated in the paper and in the pulp both before and after recycling.

In order to study the impact of drying on the fines, fines were removed from the virgin furnish. Characteristics of the control stock containing fines and of the control stock without fines were evaluated and served as a means of comparison. Stocks were tested for wet-web strength, drainage, freeness, and water retention value. …

The Recyclability Of Glassine Paper, Kenneth R. Vallier

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objectives of this thesis were (1) to prove/disprove the recyclability of glassine paper (2) to find the optimal conditions for glassine recyclability (if it indeed was recyclable) (3) to study the effects 20% glassine furnish had on strength properties compared to a furnish with no glassine in it. The conditions varied in this experiment were temperature (127^oF to 190^oF), pH (7.5 to 10.5) and time (O to 60 minutes). The tests performed were the image analyzer (for glassine specks), freeness, burst, tear and tensile. The last three tests were indexed.

The results from the image …

Literature Study Groups With At-Risk Readers: Extending The Grand Conversation, Deborah Mccutchen, Anne Laird, Jan Graves

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

As schools heed the ever-widening call to involve students with quality literature, we are forced to confront two questions. The first refers to the grand conversation (Eeds and Wells, 1989) alluded to in the title of this article: How do we enable literature study groups to engage in mutual discussions of ideas (which constitute the "grand conversations" described by Eeds and Wells) rather than teacher-led inquiries about surface meaning (which Eeds and Wells characterize as "gentle inquisitions")? The second refers to an issue of equity: How do we provide equal access to quality literature for students with limited reading ability? …

Reviews: Children's Books, Sandy Vanstee, Jeanne M. Jacobson

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Backfleld Package. Thomas J. Dygard. (1992).; The Witch of Maple Park.Stephanie Tolan. (1992).; Tlmmy Green's Blue Lake. Donna Bergman. (1992).; Rabblt-Cadabra! James Howe. (1993).; Aster Aardvark's Alphabet Adventures. Steven Kellogg. (1993).; Two of Everything. (1993).; Water. Written by Francois Michel. (1993).; World Water Watch.Michelle Koch. (1993).; And God Created Squash. Martha Whitmore Hickman. (1993).; The Singing Green: New and selected poems for all seasons.Eve Merriam. (1992).

Point-Counterpoint: Value Of School Textbooks, Alan M. Frager, Maureen Vanterpool

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Educators frequently are involved in textbook adoptions in various content areas, an important activity because textbook programs may define school curricula by dictating what is taught, in what sequence, and for how long. Recently, education groups have criticized school textbooks for being boring, incoherent, and "dumbed-down." Viewed from one perspective the selection of new textbooks offers little hope for improving the school reading program because by their nature textbooks can inhibit the teaching of thinking. Viewed from a different perspective, textbooks offer the potential for much improvement in the reading program, if features of the text are used to the …

Teaching The Whole Enchilada: Enhancing Multiculturalism Through Children's Literature In The Content Areas, Nicole Flood, Brenda Hamm, Tina Herrington, Christine Turk

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Historically, educators disagree on curriculum goals and as a result the educational process is fragmented. This fragmentation is evident in standards that differ from state to state, district to district, and teacher expectations at kindergarten to teacher expectations at high school. In the report, A Nation At Risk (Gardner, 1983), the National Commission on Excellence in Education found that "where there should be a coherent continuum of learning, we have none, but instead an often incoherent outdated, patchwork quilt" (p. 14). This fragmented approach is almost impossible to change. In Horace's Compromise: The Dilemma of the American High School, Theodore …

College Students' Reflections On Reading, Cindy Gillespie

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Many college students are required to enroll in remedial or developmental classes because it is believed that they are at-risk: their abilities are insufficient for the demands of college work. Once classified as at-risk, these students usually find themselves in reading classes designed to improve comprehension, reading speed, vocabulary, study skills and/or content area reading.

A Revitalized Role For Library Media Specialists In School Reading Programs, Mary L. Piersma, Diane D. Allen

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

At 8:00 a.m., while children are arriving at school, Mrs.Beasley, the elementary school library media specialist, is busy shelving the books returned yesterday. She has new books to catalog, newspaper and magazines to display and audio visual equipment to distribute to teachers. Before she completes any of this, her first group of children arrives for their regularly scheduled 30 minutes library visit. Mrs. Beasley attempts to help a few children in their selection of appropriate books, but finds that she spends most of her time checking books in and out. To Mrs. Beasley's dismay, there is little time to share …

Assessment: Insights Into Children's Beliefs And Perceptions About Process Writing, Rebecca P. Harlin, Sally E. Lipa

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

How do children acquire knowledge about written language? Investigations of emergent literacy have shown that children's written language knowledge reflects their cultural environment (Clay, 1982; Kastler, Roser, and Hoffman, 1987). At home, children observe their parents writing grocery lists, letters to friends and relatives, and telephone messages, thereby learning the functions of written language as they are used in daily life (Morgan, 1987; Purcell-Gates, 1986). Independently, children experiment with their own messages, incorporating scribble, pictures and random letters. Often their written products mirror the functional writing their parents modeled (Rowe, 1989). In school, additional opportunities to learn about written language …

Reading: The Conferences, Janet Dynak

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

"A Celebration of Diversity" was the theme of the Association of Teacher Educators' meeting in Los Angeles during February, 1993. Several thematic sessions presented instructional models to promote use of multicultural literature in classrooms. Kay Moore of California State University and John Smith of Utah State University discussed a joint project titled "Teachers as Readers of Multicultural Literature." Moore and Smith used guidelines established by the International Reading Association and the Association of American Publishers to organize a program where university faculty, student teachers, and supervising classroom teachers form a readers' book group to study multicultural literature. Volunteers from each …

Reading Horizons Vol. 33, No. 4

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete Issue of Reading Horizons, volume 33, issue 4.

The Effects Of Differing Response Force Requirements On Response Rate And Post-Reinforcement Pause, Kenneth Lee Ailing

Dissertations

The present study consisted of three experiments in which rats were exposed to two-component multiple schedules of reinforcement. In the first experiment, fifteen responses were required to produce reinforcement in both components of the multiple schedule. In one component 25 g of downward force was always required to operate the response lever. In the other, the force required varied from 25 g to 200 g across conditions. In the second experiment, fifteen responses were required to produce reinforcement in both components of the multiple schedule. In one component 25 g of downward force was always required to operate the response …

Comparing Selection-Based And Topography-Based Language Systems With Verbal Adults Learning Japanese Words, Matthew A. Stratton

Masters Theses

This study compared selection-based with topography-based learning of similar verbal relationships. In two previous studies, using developmentally disabled subjects, topography-based relations were easier to learn. The previous researchers suggested that the advantage of a topography-based system would increase as the number of relations to be learned increased.

To investigate this possibility, the present study used a 5 and 20-stimulus version of each system. Four independent groups of seven college students each were used in a two by two design. The selection-based task consisted in learning to point to the Japanese character appropriate for each English sample. The topography-based task consisted …

Non-Resonant Transfer And Excitation For S^13+ Projectiles Colliding With Neutral Gas Targets, Liang Duo

Masters Theses

Non-resonant Transfer and Excitation (NTE) by 20-70 Mev S,3+ projectiles in collisions with neutral gas targets of He, Ne and Ar is investigated. For NTE, positively charged projectiles undergo excitation and electron capture in a single collision in which the capture and excitation processes are independent events. The mechanisms involved in the NTE process are electron-nucleus interactions, and the combination of projectile excitation and capture is a two-step process. In this work, NTE cross sections, along with total K x-ray production cross sections and total single-electron capture and loss cross sections, were measured as a function of projectile energy. The …

Correlates And Infant Mortality: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Among Black Women In The United States, Paulette Aubrey

Masters Theses

Often referred to as "cot death" or "crib death," sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the single leading cause of infant death in infants aged 28 days to 1 year of life. Although the exact etiology of SIDS remains unknown, epidemiological studies have identified risk factors associated with higher rates of SIDS. In this study, the relationship between sudden infant death syndrome and maternal education among black women who gave birth in the United States during 1983 was examined.

The population for this study consisted of black infants who were born in 1983 and died before their first birthday. Among …

Aggressive Dating Behavior Among College Students, Felicia D. Flowers

Masters Theses

Past studies have revealed that people with traditional gender role views are often involved in dating violence. This study examines both male and female athletes and non-athletes in terms of traditional gender role views and dating violence. Athletes and non-athletes are an important focus because literature is virtually silent on these two populations in terms of dating violence. The researcher surveyed 188 undergraduate students attending Western Michigan University on their attitudes and experiences concerning gender role views, athletic involvement, and history of dating violence, respectively. The results indicate that gender role views and athletic participation appeared to have no significant …

Hourly Rainfall And Goes Infrared Radiances In Amazonia, Dean Gregory Butzow

Masters Theses

Ground-based hourly rain of the Amazon Basin was investigated for the period of January 1988 to December 1990. UFPa, Careiro, and CEPLAC rain stations were selected to represent the rain characteristics of coastal Amazonia, central Amazonia near the river, and central Amazonia in the "terra firme" respectively.

Throughout the period, UFPa exhibits a distinct diurnal cycle, with peak rain occurring from the mid-afternoon to early evening hours. The diurnal cycles of the inland stations is less pronounced, presenting significant nocturnal and early morning components.

Results from the pulse analysis of the hourly rainfall time series, lead to an average model …

Language Abilities Of Male Adolescents In A Juvenile Detention Center, Krista J. Klein

Masters Theses

This study was designed to analyze the language abilities of male adolescents with delinquent behavior. It was based on the hypothesis that male adolescents with delinquent behavior would have lower language skills during expressive language tasks. Language skills of male adolescents in a juvenile detention center were examined by comparing 12 grammatical variables, four subtest scores, and one total score from the Screening Test for Adolescent Language (STAL; Prather, Ausdal-Breecher, Stafford & Wallace, 1980). Results indicated that the adolescents with delinquent behavior omitted significantly more words, but also produced significantly more secondary verbs in a narration task. Significantly lower results …

Robust Rank-Based Inference Procedures In The Heteroscedastic Linear Model, Sherry L. Dixon

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Self-Control And Choice In Children: Effects Of Food Magnitude And Reinforcer Delay, Ellen Lee Sharenow

Dissertations

The present research was designed to replicate and extend earlier studies with humans and nonhumans in the area of self-control. A discrete trial, within-subject experimental design over multiple sessions, with food as the reinforcer, was used. Instructions did not describe contingencies of reinforcement Subjects were preschool age children, a population that questionably possess the verbal repertoire capable of generating sophisticated tacting, or mediating behavior during long delays. Four experiments consisted of fixed-ratio, concurrent chain schedules with initial and terminal links. Initial links were forced trials, terminal links, choice trials. In Experiment I, the effects of differences in magnitude while holding …

Topology Based Routing Algorithms For Multilayer Ic Layout Design, Moazzem Hossain

Masters Theses

In this thesis, we consider the multilayer topological routing problem and also the geometric routing problem based on topological routing solution. We show that the problem of multilayer topological planar routing for any arbitrary routing region can be modeled as a problem in a simple closed routing region. We also show that the solution to the multilayer planar routing leads to a better result of the topological via minimization problem. We present a provably-good approximation algorithm for the multilayer topological planar routing problem for different routing regions.

We also propose a graph theoretic algorithm to find 2-layer topological solutions that …

Language Skills Of Adolescents With Emotional Disorders, Diane T. Hardy

Masters Theses

The language abilities of adolescents with emotional impairments were examined to determine the differences that may occur between this population and that of a control group of similar age, race, and gender. Ten adolescents with emotional impairments and ten students in general education were examined using two procedures. The Screening Test of Adolescent Language (STAL) (Prather, Breecher, Stafford, & Wallace, 1980) includes four subtests: vocabulary, auditory memory span, language processing, and proverb explanation. A language sample was also gathered using a cartoon video narration task (Dollaghan, Campbell, & Tomlin, 1990) which examined for syntactic, semantic, and discourse variables.

Results indicated …

A Comparison Of Two Resistance Training Programs On Gains In Strength And Endurance, Pamela S. Canavan

Masters Theses

The purpose of the study was to find how two different resistance training programs would contribute to each subject's overall fitness level. Fifty-five subjects were tested to determine their 1RM and the maximum number of repetitions performed at 60% of 1RM. Subjects were then divided into three training groups: control (N=19) , strength (N=20) , and endurance (N=16). The strength group performed three sets of five repetitions each and two sets of three repetitions. The endurance group performed three sets of 15 repetitions. At the completion of the six week training programs, the subjects were retested. A significant difference was …

Middle Terminal Cell Models For Efficient Over-The-Cell Routing, Siddharth Bhingarde

Masters Theses

In this thesis, we introduce a new class of cell models called Middle Terminal Models (MTM) which combines the advantages of existing cell models: BTM and CTM. This class contains the models 2MTM, 3MTM-V, and 3MTM+V depending on the number of metal layers and the permissibility of vias in over-the-cell areas. In MTM, two rows of terminals are located in the middle of the cell. This partitions over-the-cell area into three regions and allows allocation of more nets to over-the-cell area in congested channels. We prove that when vias are allowed over-the-cell, in "almost all" cases the MTM based layouts …

Story Writing By Students With Hearing Impairments, Lois A. Ketchum

Masters Theses

Students with hearing impairments (N = 21) wrote a personal narrative each academic year from 1990 to 1992. These narratives were rated on maturity of the story as a whole and maturity of the language used in the story by senior undergraduate students in the education department at Western Michigan University. The method used for rating was a holistic magnitude estimation technique.

Significant change over time was found for story scores, but not language scores. Grade level was found to have no significant effect on change from first to last ratings for either story scores or language scores. Degree of …

The Impact Of Test Sophistication On Tenth Grade Students’ Michigan Educational Assessment Program (Meap) Scores, Iris Williams

Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether test sophistication training would result in more tenth grade students achieving performance levels on the Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) subtests in mathematics and reading which would entitle them to receive the state endorsed diploma.

Two groups of English II students (grade 10) from the same school participated in the study. One group received test sophistication instruction, and the other received no treatment. During the test sophistication training, students were instructed using the Ace That Test Preparation for Success Student Guide (Yarosz & Yarosz, 1991a) which was based on the …

Comparison Study Of The Implementation Rate Of Eighteen Middle School Characteristics In Michigan And National Blue Ribbon Schools, Gregg G. Mowen

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the current amount of Implementation of the 18 middle school characteristics as reported by principals from randomly selected middle level schools In the state of Michigan and In middle level schools designated as Blue Ribbon schools (U.S. Department of Education, 1991). This study used a survey questionnaire that was initially designed by RIegle (1971) to measure the rate of Implementation of the middle school characteristics. The survey was mailed to Michigan and Blue Ribbon middle level school principals, selected randomly via a table of random numbers. The return rate for Michigan schools …

Trade Friction Between The United States And Japan: An Analysis Of The Situation In 1992, Mariko Hirano

Masters Theses

Trade friction between the United States and Japan is discussed and it is shown why negotiations like Structural Impediments Initiative Talks alone have not improved the trade relations between the two countries. This is not only because of fundamental cultural and economic differences, but because of significant differences in the interests of Japanese business, Japanese government, American business, and American government. The Japanese political system is described. A detailed description of Japanese conglomerated system (keiretsu) is presented. This conglomerate system is often viewed as a major obstacle by foreign companies to do business in Japan. The views of American politicians …