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Bod And Cod Loading Effects Of Repeatedly Recycled Paper Fibers, Ken Stager

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

BOD and COD are two very important and highly regulated aspects of the paper industry. The first is the biochemical oxygen demand, BOD, and it is simply the amount of oxygen that bacteria need to digest the nutrients in a wastestream. The second is the chemical oxygen demand, COD, and is the amount of oxygen required to fully oxidize all the material present in an effluent sample using hot concentrated chemicals.

One aspect of recycling that has not been discerned is the effect of repeatedly recycling paper fibers on the BOD and COD of the effluent. This is important because …

18th Conference On Senior Engineering Design Projects, College Of Engineering And Applied Sciences

Senior Engineering Design Conference

The 18th Conference on Senior Engineering Design Projects was held on April 9, 1996 at the College of Engineering and applied Sciences on the Parkview Campus of Western Michigan University. The college sponsors the conference to showcase the work of its graduating seniors, who are required to complete a capstone project that puts into practice what they have learned. Many of the projects are sponsored by business and industry.

Using An Evolutionary Strategy To Solve Frequency Allocation Problems, Min Chen

Masters Theses

Frequency allocation problem (F AP) is to assign radio frequencies to a number of stations subject to a number of constraints, so that the minimum interference is suffered. FAP is NP-complete. In order to solve FAPs, there are interference constraints to be satisfied. There are two constraints of FAP which were the focus of this study: (1) co-channel interference, (2) adjacent channel interference.

Evolutionary Strategies (ESs) are very efficient optimization algorithms based upon the principles of adaptive selection found in nature. In this study, a (μ,A)ES algorithm was implemented to solve instances of FAP.

This thesis has demonstrated that …

Ground Water Movement Through The Highly-Fractured Crystalline Core Of A Large-Scale, Foreland Uplift, Roy Al Gorge Arch, South-Central Colorado, Timothy L. Clarey

Dissertations

The objectives of this study were twofold: ( 1) to examine the well-exposed, basement core of the Royal Gorge arch as a large-scale, field test of ground water flow through a fractured, crystalline, aquifer system; and (2) to devise a method to more accurately determine the direction of maximum aperture of a fractured aquifer through structural and hydrogeologic analysis.

The recognition of a preferred direction of maximum aperture in a fractured aquifer remains an important hydrogeologic consideration because flow through a fracture is proportional to the cube of the aperture width. Previous studies of hydraulic directions using fracture orientation techniques …

Adolescent Students At Risk: The Roles Of Stress, Distress, And Coping, Jennifer Massicotte

Dissertations

Male and female adolescents who reported recent suspension/ threats of suspension or academic failure were compared to male and female adolescents who did not report these two variables of dropping out on three measures--the discrete negative uncontrollable events experienced (LEQ-A, Garmezy, Masten, & Tellegen [1985]), the level of distress (GHQ-30, Goldberg [1972]), and the types of coping skills used (A-COPE, Patterson & McCubbin [1983]). Native and non-Native at risk for suspension and academic failure rates were also compared using archival data from a community mental health survey of 714 adolescents (36 Native) attending high school in Northern Ontario.

Native adolescents …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between Homework Assignments In Counseling And Perceptions Of Specific Counselor Characteristics, George T. Starrett

Dissertations

This study investigated the relationship between the use of homework assignments in counseling and perceived counselor characteristics. An analog design was used with 60 introductory psychology students serving as subjects. One of two video taped counseling vignettes was presented to the two subject groups. The counselor depicted in the control group tape did not use homework assignments, while homework assignments were used by the counselor depicted in the treatment group tape.

After viewing the one of the two tapes the subjects completed the Counselor Evaluation Scale (CES) and the Counselor Rating Form-Short (CRF-S) to provide ratings of each of the …

An Evaluation Of Methods To Determine The Thickness Of Free Product In A Shallow Water Table Aquifer, Ross B. Wagner

Masters Theses

Estimates of the volume of recoverable free phase petroleum product in soils are frequently based on poorly understood empirical methods. These methods, in the form of field tests and/or equations, require simplifying assumptions and apparent product thickness to calculate the thickness or specific volume of free phase product. The purpose of this study was to compare the available methods against each other to cross validate them.

The field methods evaluated at a well with an apparent product thickness of 1.69 feet were: Yaniga's bailer test, split-spoon soil sampling, a test pit excavation and a new tool developed for direct measurement …

A Study Of The Chemical And Physical Interactions Between A Wetland And A Shallow Aquifer In Cass County, Michigan, Lisa Marie Anderson

Masters Theses

A study of the ground-water chemistry and flow direction adjacent to a wetland was performed in a major hog producing area. Nested piezometers, consisting of wells 7 to 18 feet deep, were installed around the wetland to determine the vertical distribution of hydraulic head and water-quality parameters. Piezometer elevations were surveyed to determine precise ground-water elevations to delineate the ground-water flow regime around the wetland. Water samples were taken at three different times to analyze water quality and seasonal variations. Analytical parameters included major ions, redox sensitive parameters (DO, nitrate-N, ammonia, iron, and sulfate), and total organic carbon.

Water level …

A Study Of Kanban Based Production System In Cellular Manufacturing Environment, Sanjay Bhargava

Masters Theses

The study of effects of production data variabilities on Kanban based cellular manufacturing system is vital before its design and implementation because it would give better understanding of their uncertain behavior.

In this research, a detailed analysis of a Kanban system, with subcell scenario, under dynamic operating conditions is performed. The Control variables considered were number of Kanbans, processing time variability, demand variability and machine breakdown. The performance parameters considered were profit, production lead time, machine utilization and material processing lead time.

Approximately 200 simulation runs were made with 3 replications each by varying one control variable at a time. …

Study Of Periodic Gust Loads On Airfoils, Tatsuya Nakajima

Masters Theses

The wings on aircraft can experience unsteady loads due to atmospheric disturbances; e.g., wind, the wakes of other aircraft, structural vibrations, or some combination of these sources. In some cases flow unsteadiness can be beneficial by augmenting the lift and reducing the drag; under different circumstances temporal variations in the flow can induce stall or cause structural failure.

In this study, the response of isolated (and tandem) NACA 0012 airfoil(s) to time-periodic unsteadiness have been investigated. The sources of unsteadiness include a time-varying free stream flow angle, a time varying free stream velocity magnitude, and an oscillating airfoil.

The predicted …

Western News, March 28, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Faculty members; students to be honored by MAGB, Advertising executive here for WMU Foundation event, Scientists study effects of Brazilian population explosion, Board OKs retirement plan for hourly employees, New MBA program designed to be more user friendly, Upton to speak at Miller, White selected for state mathematics honor, WMU production headed for Disney World; benefit performance set to raise travel funds, Educator to discuss 'Writing With Passion'.

Western News, March 21, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Continued recognition of unique status critical; Haenicke notes in remarks to Board of Trustees, Rapley selected as education dean, Stadium seating area named for John Gill, Trustees designate property for University use, Brown named head of public safety; other personnel action approved, Expert on chemical dependency; relationships will lead sessions on campus March 27-28, Project helps 'draw the line' on sexual violence.

Western News, March 14, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlight: Haenicke calls on University community for support, Board to meet Friday at Grand Rapids center, Smith and Pancella elected to senate leadership, General education program ready to go for this fall, Reservations due for holistic health dinner, Renowned scientist to discuss foundations of human language and how children acquire it, Smith elected to national post.

Western News, March 7, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Haenicke calls for recognition of WMU's status in budget process, Young Scholars Program to feature address by noted expert on poverty and inequality, Surgical research is topic of ethics discussion, Heinig selected for national honor in theatre, BIS sponsors annual Office Personnel Seminar, Faculty member compiles comprehensive bibliography on noted American humorist.

Western News, Feb. 22, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: WMU draws international scholars for teaching; research, Haenicke to testify before Senate subcommittee Feb. 23, 300 collegiate dancers here for festival Feb. 29-March 2, Board of Trustees Room named for trustee emeritus Alfred Connable, APA plans luncheon for 25th anniversary, Beech hopes to unravel medieval mystery with new book, Volume explores the underground economy, Nearly 100 students depart Feb. 23 for week of service through Alternative Spring Break, Gross chronicles experiences at spiritual retreat in diary.

Western News, Feb. 15, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Engler proposes 4 percent for WMU, Teacher education organization taps project with Battle Creek school as national model, Roommates and rides just a keystroke away, Report notes cash gifts up by more than 27 percent, Academic advising facility in Read named for Ellis, Gift-giving not rare in those bitten by love bug.

The Westerner Vol. 16 No. 2, Western Michigan University

The Westerner (1980-1997)

• University research plays broad role in higher education and in society • WMU shatters several key enrollment records • Cash gifts reach record total; move new programs forward • University news in brief • Building project to make part of campus a mecca for science instruction, research • Awards programs showcase top researchers, teachers • WMUS colleges are bursting with useful products and innovative ideas • Alumnotes • University, Haenicke make a lot of news this fall • Detroit alumni celebrate Haenicke's anniversary, WMU's progress

Western News, Jan. 25, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Focus on people to mark next five years at University, Grant total stands at nearly 77 percent of record figure, Edwards; Haworth to lead Board of Trustees in 1996, Board approves policies for official University travel, Philosopher to discuss empathy in Jan. 31 address, Visiting faculty member to lead talk on Sri Lanka.

Western News, Jan. 11, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: WMU plays big part in economy with $414 million impact, Jorgens named interim dean in arts and sciences, Activities planned in observance of King's birthday, University libraries striving to make new resources available and useful, History's days are 'numbered' in new book by WMU faculty member, Dybek chosen for residency at prestigious Rockefeller Center refuge in Bellagio, Italy, Evaluation Center awarded half million dollar grant for work with NSF.

Western News, Jan. 4, 1996, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Weaver named athletic director, University in line for extra half million from state, WMU to observe King birthday with special events, WMU acquires rare manuscript in innovative arrangement with the Newberry Library, University receives $2.4 million in grants; bringing year-to-date figure to $14 million, Trustees table technology fee recommendation; approve Lansing lease and MCC measure, Theatre production chosen for regional competition, Book published by Department of History chronicles life of Alexander.

Western Michigan University Graduate Catalog 1996-1998, Western Michigan University

Western Michigan University Course Catalogs (1904-present)

Section I: General Policies and Procedures

Section II: Master's Degree Programs and Requirements

Section III: Specialist Degree Programs and Requirements

Section IV: Doctoral Degree Programs and Requirements

Section V: Description of Graduate Courses

Section VI: The Graduate Faculty

Constructivism And Non-Western Science Education Research, William W. Cobern

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

In this paper, I argue that science education research and curriculum development efforts in Nonwestern countries can benefit by adopting a constructivist view of science and science learning. The past efforts at transferring curricula from the West, and local development projects that result in curricula only marginally different from Western curricula, stem from an acultural view of science. These efforts also ground science learning in concepts of logical thinking rather than understanding. The resulting level of science learning, however, has not met expectations. Constructivism offers a very different view of science and science learning. It assumes that logical thinking is …

Leaving Elementary School With A Sense Of Order In Nature, William W. Cobern, Adrienne T. Gibson, Scott A. Underwood

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

Ninth graders in Arizona high schools have just left their elementary, general science education and are at the start of more specialized secondary science education. They are beginning a course of study that will form the foundation for tertiary education and employment after high school graduation. The research asked, Who are these kids entering high school science courses? The researchers noted that one of the key objectives of elementary education is to foster in children the concept that nature is inherently orderly and thus amenable to scientific investigation. Since the concept of order or disorder is fundamental in one’s perception …

The Different Worlds Of High School Biology And Physical Science Teachers, William W. Cobern, Adrienne T. Gibson, Scott A. Underwood

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

A science teacher not only presents scientific concepts, but tacitly creates a context in which scientific concepts are presented to the class. This context can be strongly influenced by teacher beliefs or worldview. In the current research, teacher worldviews with respect to the essence of nature were examined. Two biology and two physical science teachers individually sat for qualitative interviews. The same interview protocols were used in a concurrent study involving ninth graders at their high school. The analysis led to three assertions: (1) When compared with their students, the science teachers had a much more focused and less diverse …

Fact Book 1996-1997, Western Michigan University

Western Michigan University Fact Books

• General Information
• Enrollment Information
• Institutional Comparison
• Student Information
• Faculty Information
• Budgets and Resources

Faculty Senate Yearbook, 1996-97, Wmu Faculty Senate

WMU Faculty Senate Yearbooks

No abstract provided.

Western News, Dec. 7, 1995, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Schlack to be honored for community service; contributions to profession at commencement, Board chairperson ends 35-year quest for bachelor's degree, Faculty member collaborates on comprehensive collection of the writings of poet Robert Frost, Thurber works highlighted in radio program, Readers respond positively to Western News survey, Gagie announces plans to take early retirement.

Geology Newsletter- 1995, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol. 1, No. 20

• Faculty News
• Awards and Scholarships
• Alumni/ Friends/ Former Faculty Notes
• Geology Development and Scholarship Donations
• New Alumni

Whole Language Teaching And Learning: Is It For Everyone?, Anne Crout Shelley

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Beginning the formal study of music theory well into mid-life has enabled me to focus with new clarity on a gnawing concern. This concern, which has pursued me as I have walked with my undergraduate majors into the era of whole language, has two dimensions — both young children and novice teachers. The first concern is those particular young children, who when immersed in a print rich environment, fail to make the inductive leaps which allow them to become emergent readers (O'Donnell and Wood, 1992). My second concern is the early childhood and elementary preservice teachers who are so indoctrinated …

Reading Horizons Vol. 36, No. 2

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 36, issue 2.