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Teaching The Functionally Illiterate Adult: A Primer, Rose Marie Lamorella, John Tracy, Ann Marie Bernazza Haase, Garrett Murphy

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Although many recent articles on teaching reading to adult basic education students have discussed both the general process of teaching and the application of specific methodology, few have described either the concepts or the series of methods based on those concepts that a beginning instructor of adults in basic education reading programs needs to understand and use (Park, 1981; O'Malley and Haase, 1981; Karnes, Ginn and Maddox, 1980; Schneiderman, 1977; O'Donnell, 1973; Heitzman and Putnam, 1972; Becker, 1970). The methods which an instructor ought to use are based on three concepts.

Facts And Fiction About Language 'Skills', Victor Froese

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

A quick glance through most curriculum guides and some textbooks will give the distinct impression that the language arts are composed of a set of "skills" (Otto & Chester, 1976). More implicit is the assumption that if these "skills" are mastered, then the art of language will have been achieved. And while some may not want to surrender this notion, the way out of the dilemma is not clear. What are "skills"? What purpose do they serve? Which are the language arts "skills"? What is the theoretical and research- based evidence on "skills"?

This article addresses the above questions, in …

The Mnemonic Value Of The Picto-Organizer For Word Identification Among Disabled Readers, Donna E. Alvermann

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The present study was designed to compare the effects of a mnemonic strategy which utilized context to facilitate word recognition and identification with a context-free strategy. Specifically, disabled readers were taught to recognize and identify meanings for abstract words either through the mediation of a picto-organizer or through flashcard presentation. The idea of a picto-organizer evolved from an earlier study (Alvermann, 1980) in which students recalled a story using key vocabulary terms schematically arranged to show hierarchical and parallel relationships among words (see Barron, 1969). The picto-organizer provides pictorial clues to word meanings as they are used in the context …

Piaget's Theory Of Conceptual Development As It Applies To The Teaching Of Reading, Robert P. Craig

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

This essay will investigate Piaget' s theory of conceptual development as it applies to the teaching of reading. Piaget' s views are important as a corrective to much of the behavioral approach to reading-using contingencies of reinforcement to aid students in learning (memorizing?) basic units of language and in remembering linguistic rules. It is obvious that one can "remember" such rules but not be able to apply them to a particular situation. We will discover that this is Piaget' s main point in his criticism of behavorism.

Content Area Reading Preparation: Effectiveness Of Four Methods Of Instruction, Lois A. Bader, Daniel L. Pearce

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

The belief that secondary content teachers should have content reading as a course in their pre-service education is an idea that is gaining increasing acceptance. Surveys examining certification requirements show that an increasing number of states mandate a course in reading for secondary certification (Bader, 1975; Lamberg, 1978). This trend is also reflected in increased numbers of teacher training institutions that are now offering a content area reading course for their undergraduate secondary education majors, as compared to ten years ago.

Reading Horizons Vol. 23, No. 2

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Complete issue of Reading Horizons volume 23, issue 2.

Diagnostic-Prescriptive Reading Instruction: What? Why? How?, Earl H. Cheek, Martha Collins Cheek

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Thirty eager faces - thirty individuals with unique needs, backgrounds, learning styles, interests, and experiences - thirty students who need reading instruction. Reading is an area of major instructional emphasis in elementary and middle school classrooms. However, because there is no one best method to teach reading, no best material, or no special "tricks" which eradicate these individual student differences, the classroom teacher must decide how to provide the best possible reading instruction to meet a multitude of needs. Some school districts have suggested that classroom teachers implement diagnostic-prescriptive reading instruction. Inservice sessions, workshops, and materials have been used to …

Western News, December 16, 1982, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Most U offices to close in 'experimental' recess period from Dec. 23 through Jan. 3, 10 outdoor steps areas to close for snow, Rayford lauds Italian printing industry, Chandler book creates hectic pace, Coe is new Alumni Association head, Hemphill is editor of paperback book on O.T

Western News, December 9, 1982, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Bernhard challenges AAUP report on staffing levels, UW total exceeds $38,000, UCCS maintenance phase to be in two steps, Minority Mentoring program is a success, 167 enrolled in EXCITE workshops

Western News, December 2, 1982, Western Michgan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: 98 to be honored as members of 25 Year Club, 'Carmina Burana' cantata to have 250 performers, Burke assumes new duties as University coordinator of student recruitment activities, Reports on UCCS appeals determinations, Brown and Gold Day attracts many students

The Church, Education And Third World Development, William W. Cobern

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

The Third World is the world of underdeveloped and developing nations. As one insightful African noted the preferred term once was "underdeveloped" but now the more positive "developing" is used (Yoloye, 1980, p.vii). Both of these terms were originally used by Westerners to describe how far up the technological/industrial ladder non-Western nations have climbed. One might argue about the appropriateness of judging other cultures by one's own standard. In doing so one assumes at least tacitly if not overtly that his own culture is the superior one. At best this leads to paternalism towards the people of the culture in …

A Study Of The Flow Of Pulp Slurries Through A Motionless Mixer, Brian F. Berger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A study was conducted to determine the behavior of pulp flows through a motionless mixer. Specifically, the effects of stock consistency, pulp type, and number of mixing elements on the pressure drop across a motionless mixer were examined. An attempt was made to develop correlations between pressure drop across the motionless mixer due to pulp flows and the consistency of the pulp slurries. From the data generated by this study, it was determined that using the value of pressure drop across the motionless mixer to determine pulp consistency is not very feasible. However, the empirical data generated should be useful …

The Teaching Of Music Theory In The Piano Lesson: A Survey Of Methods, Donna R. Hood

Masters Theses

"The Teaching of Music Theory in the Piano Lesson: A Survey of Methods" is a functional study for piano teachers designed to demonstrate that most instruction books do not contain enough music theory. Methods included were selected on popularity and availability to piano teachers of beginning students.

Each of the sixty-six methods reviewed are listed with a general description, the intended age level, and the purpose of the course. A list of the theoretical strengths and weaknesses follows . The theoretical areas considered for the survey include rhythm/meter, melody/intervals, harmony, tonality/scales/keys, analysis, ear training, composition, and improvisation.

No single method …

The Perceived Effectiveness Of The Borgess Human Assistance Program As Measured By A Checklist Of Key Components, Kevin G. Clark

Masters Theses

This study investigated the success and perceived effectiveness of an employee assistance program. Phase I consisted of interviewing representatives of the ten companies that were the most frequent users of the program. Phase II examined the program's annual report. The results were tabulated and compared to a checklist of key components which gauge the effectiveness of a successful employee assistance program (Egdahl and Walsh, 1980). The evidence indicated that the program operates in accord with Egdahl and Walsh's checklist.

Teaching General Behavior Modification Performance Skills With Written Instructions, James D. Cowart

Dissertations

Two experiments examined the effects of training with written instructions on trainees' use of general behavior modification performance skills. In Experiment I, the behavior modification skills of two groups of trainees were assessed in scripted roleplay sessions. Each group participated in differing numbers of baseline sessions before training was presented. Training consisted of studying a set of written rules and examples. Only after training did the trainees demonstrate improved skills. Since the "child" behaviors which were presented during roleplay sessions were all different from one another, the trainees' performance demonstrated generality of the effects of training across "child" behaviors. The …

Determination Of Organophosphorus Compounds By Hplc With Post-Column Photochemical Degradation Followed By The Formation Of Reduced Heieropolymolybdate, Stephen R. Priebe

Dissertations

A novel method for the determination of organophosphorus (OP) compounds by HPLC with post-column photochemical and chemical derivatization reactions has been developed. The OP compounds eluted from the column were photochemically degraded to orthophosphate by the use of a 450 W xenon lamp in conjunction with an auxiliary photodegradation reagent. The photodegradation reaction was studied extensively by means of batch irradiations with triethylphosphate as a model compound. The effects of the initial concentrations of triethylphosphate and ammonium peroxydisulfate, and of varying the pH of the reaction medium were determined. A survey of potential interferences was performed. Copper(II) ion was found …

A Study Of Flow Languages, Vector Machines, Petri Nets And Convex Languages, Shyam Kishore Bajpai

Masters Theses

In this work, relations have been established among vector machines and augmented vector machines, vector machines and Petri nets, and augmented vector machines and generalized Petri nets. At each stage, number of examples are given to illustrate the theory of Petri nets, vector machines and augmented vector machines.

Leadership Styles In Educational Leader Positions: An Investigation Of Some Common Factors In Socialization And Employment Environment Conditions, Gerald E. Lohr

Dissertations

This study examined the leadership styles exhibited by Michigan school superintendents in relation to school district size, birth order, family size, marital status, time served as a teacher before becoming a superintendent, and time served as a superintendent. The subject population consisted of 530 superintendents from which 363 were selected at random. A questionnaire was sent to the random sample with a 65% return. The questionnaire utilized the LBDQ FORM-XII to ascertain the self-perceived leadership styles of these superintendents. The aforementioned other sociological factors were determined by question. No support was found for the existence of any of the relationships …

Effects Of Community College Administrative Budgetary Decisions Upon Continuing Education Students’ Perceptions, Drew William Allbritten

Dissertations

Purpose. This descriptive study examined the effect of administrative budgetary decisions for selected institutional services and personnel upon certain perceptions of continuing education students attending Grand Rapids Junior College.

Procedure. The researcher designed an assessment process and instrument to measure students' perceptions of accessibility toward selected institutional services and personnel. The assessment was conducted in the spring of 1981. The instrument was distributed to 4,459 students, 1,804 (40.5%) assessment instruments were returned, and 1,791 were determined to be usable. Statistical treatment of the data included the use of three nonparametric tests: chi-square, contingency coefficient, and cumulative frequency tests. An earlier …

A Survey Of Graduates Of A One-Year Clerical Office Block Class —1976-1981— With Recommendations For Curriculum And Course Content Revision, Audrey Lee Watson

Masters Theses

Data were collected by means of a questionnaire sent to 92 Maple Valley Office Block students who graduated in the years 1976-1981 to determine if students are adequately prepared to acquire entry-level clerical/secretarial positions and to adjust to positions in business. Sixty-five questionnaires were returned for a 70% return.

Over 70% of the respondents were employed at the time the survey was conducted. Over 90% indicated the use of keyboarding equipment on the job. Almost 60% of the respondents used shorthand or machine transcription on the job. Frequent job responsibilities included filing, business machine usaqe, telephone usage, receiving visitors, and …

The Development Of A Curriculum Model For Undergraduate Education Of Manufacturing Engineers, Mark Allen Curtis

Masters Theses

The purpose of this research was to identify course work that could be used to develop a specific unified undergraduate curriculum in manufacturing engineering technology, that both satisfies existing academic constraints and thinking, as well as industry's desire for a practical, yet highly qualified engineer.

The population surveyed was a combination of educators and industrial people with a vested interest in manufacturing engineering, from across the United States. The survey results, rating the relative importance of ninety seven different courses, were used to develop a model undergraduate curriculum in manufacturing engineering.

The findings supported the original hypothesis by showing that …

Quantity-Comparative Expression In Young Children: An Analysis Of Responsive And Productive Language, Sandra-Rae Howe

Dissertations

When used in mathematics instruction, quantity-comparative language has specific meaning which may be confusing or unfamiliar to young children. Because of the importance of language to the development and measurement of understanding of math concepts, the purpose of this study was to examine the abilities of young children to produce and to understand quantity-comparative descriptions.

Ninety-seven five-year-olds, selected by a stratified random sampling of children in early childhood facilities, were interviewed individually. Each interview consisted of an introductory activity, a productive language assessment (to elicit, in the subject's own language, descriptions of quantity comparisons), and a responsive language assessment (to …

The Expanding Array Of Human Service Personnel, Edward A. Brawley

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This paper assesses the impact upon social work and the social welfare services of the various types of personnel being produced by the expanding human service education programs that have recently appeared in colleges and universities throughout the country. It also considers some possible responses by the social work profession, by social work education, and by the social welfare field to these developments.

Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare Vol. 9, No. 4 (December 1982)

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Table of Contents

• Social Action Organization Participation and Personal Change in the Poor - Part I - ROBERT D. HERMAN
• The Expanding Array of Human Service Personnel - EDWARD A. BRAWLEY
• Racial Inequities in the Delivery of Social Services - JAMES D. CHESNEY, RAFAEL JACOB ENGEL
• Women and Voluntary Blood Donations - ERNIE S. LIGHTMAN
• Medical Democracy In A Health Systems Agency: The Role of Staff - JAMES LATIMORE
• Deinstitutionalization: A Review of the Literature With Implication for Social Work Training and Practice in Rural Areas - VICKI LAWRENCE YOUNG, JOHN S. WODARSKI, JEFFREY GIORDANO
• The Practicum Instructor: A Study …

Deinstitutionalization: A Review Of The Literature With Implication For Social Work Training And Practice In Rural Areas, Vicki Lawrence Young, John S. Wodarski, Jeffrey Giordano

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The manuscript reviews the social, legal, and political background of the deinstitutionalization movement, reviews successful programs for deinstitutionalized chronic mental patients in the major problem areas of socialization skills training, supportive living, interventions with families, vocational rehabilitation, and medication monitoring. Problems which prevent the successful replication of these programs in rural areas, such as differing characteristics of rural and urban clients, distance and travel, and staff attitudes are discussed. Implications for social work training and practice in rural areas include the increased need for paraprofessional staff development and supervision skills, ability to utilize and mobilize existing community helping networks, and …

The Differential Effects Of Three Job-Related Manipulations On The Task Performance Of Movie Theatre Employees, Raymond Douglas Bennett

Masters Theses

This study examined task checklist use (self-recording with accuracy monitoring and performance standards with performance monitoring) in a program designed to increase task performance of movie theatre employees. A multiple baseline design across tasks was employed. Accuracy of self-recording averaged 68% when the checklists were first introduced alone and increased to an average of 93% when feedback for task performance and recording accuracy was implemented. Employee task performance averaged 48% for Baseline and 92% for the final condition. The introduction of task checklists alone was followed by a mean performance increase of 18%. The introduction of self-recording and supervisory comments …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of Participation, Expected Payment, And No Expected Payment On Clerical Performance, James Theodore Austin

Masters Theses

Seventeen psychology students participated in a group comparison of the effects of participative decision making, defined as subject decision making in three areas of the experiment, expected payment, and no expected payment on performance of a repetitive scanning task. Measures of performance quantity and quality were assessed directly, while satisfaction and manipulation checks were evaluated via selfreport. Clerical pretest scores were used as covariates in an analysis of covariance, which revealed no significant differences on the quantity dimension but-highly significant differences (p = .03) for quality (error) performance. The findings, which may have been biased by an experimenter "instruction" effect, …

A History Of Bronson Park, Kalamazoo, Michigan From 1829 To 1940, Carol Knauss

Masters Theses

Bronson Park is a 3.6-acre tract of land in the center of downtown Kalamazoo. For over 130 years the city has used this land for a public park. The land originally was donated to the county for a school and a jail by the men who owned and platted the area. Interested citizens converted the two squares into a park which, in the following years, was improved with trees, walks, and a fountain. This park became an important meeting place for the villagers who held political rallies and celebrations there. From 1829 to 1940 both the appearance and the way …

The Effects Of A Cumulative Review Procedure Upon The Acquisition And Retention Of Basic Addition Facts Under Mastery Learning Conditions, Michael Jeffrey Harshman

Masters Theses

The effects of cumulative review upon the acquisition and retention of basic addition facts were examined within a modified multielement baseline design. Subjects were two second graders enrolled in a tutorial program. After training (memorization to specific criteria) involving drill with flashcards, facts were practiced according to one of two procedures. One procedure (Interspersal Only) involved practice of newly trained facts mixed with facts known on a pretest. The other procedure (Cumulative Review) involved practice of newly trained facts mixed with facts learned during prior training sessions. The Cumulative Review condition was found to be more effective in terms of …

Research In The Use Of State Diagramming As A Communication, Diagnostic, And Descriptive Tool In Applied Educational Programs, Roger S. Coates

Masters Theses

State diagramming is a schematic communication tool used to present experimental designs or educationally-significant conditions in applied settings. In applied situations, public school teachers and students, and college students used state diagramming as an effective communication and diagnostic tool for educational programming. Four of five teachers showed rapid comprehension of classroom programs when the use of diagramming was compared to written narratives. College students described antecedent events present in familiar educational systems at a higher percentage of accuracy and total information presented almost doubled when diagrams were utilized. Training public school students in drawing state diagrams was initially successful. This …