Digital Commons Network^™

Western News, May 21,1992, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Students win awards to conduct research with mentors, Douma to be recommended for post in Graduate College, New APA leadership will be introduced at May 22 meeting, University joins partnership in Battle Creek to assist with education reform movement, Reish to be named interim dean of honors college as Gabelnick accepts new post in California, Second edition of book by Northouses focuses on importance of communication in health care, Stoltman receives national recognition for contributions to educational video series

Mathematical Problem Solving: Changing Students' Attitudes Through The Use Of Heuristics, Lori Fulton

Honors Theses

Current research indicates that "...the teaching of problem solving is regarded by many as the most important and fundamental goal of school mathematics instruction" (Silver & Thompson, 1984). The fact that problem solving is considered a goal of mathematics instruction leads this writer to believe that the methodology involved should also be examined. In order to have successful programs both the teachers and the students must feel comfortable working with the problems. Past experience has made this writer aware that often this is not the case.

Science Education And The External Perspective On Science, William W. Cobern

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

In Kuhnian terms, science education has been a process of inducting students into the reigning paradigms of science. While it may never have been explicit, the goals of science education clearly have been to persuade students that science provides a fairly constant, highly justified, and sufficient understanding of physical phenomena. In 1984, Duschl noted that science education had not kept pace with developments in the history and philosophy of science. Positivism was dethroned years ago and it turns out that factors surrounding discovery are at least as important as the justification of knowledge. Indeed, the entire concept of justification has …

The Battle For Benevolence: Scientific Disciplinary Control Vs. "Indiscriminate Relief": Lexington Associated Charities And The Salvation Army, 1900 - 1918, Karen Tice

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

This historical case study explores the conflicts that emerged between the Scientific Charity Organization movement and the evangelical Salvation Army. At issue were two sets of reform styles, each legitimated by distinct sources of authority. The Salvation Army's practice was anchored in a religious understanding. Scientific Charity, battling for hegemonic control, espoused a rising positivistic worldview and championed disciplinary techniques for sorting the poor into binary categories of worthy and unworthy. This study illuminates the changing nature of social relations between charity workers and recipients and the construction of professional welfare methods.

Daily Life Of The Oldest Old, Margareta Carlsson-Agren, Stig Berg, Claes-Goran Wenestam

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The purpose of this study was to investigate how very old persons-a representative sample of 129 noninstitutionalized 85-year-old Swedish persons with different patterns of adjustment-may live and experience daily life. The analysis of in-depth interviews showed that better adjusted participants enjoyed their freedom as retirees to form daily life at their own choosing. Within patterns of poorer adjustment, daily life was more influenced by other conditions than by the individual's preferences. It was common to construct personal time-tables for keeping up self-control and regardless of the level of activity, most participants thought that time passed quickly. It is argued that …

The Withering Of Community Life And The Growth Of Emotional Disorders, Thomas F. Maher

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The architecture of this essay is as follows: I begin by assaying the communitarian crisis of the modern western world. Second, I offer a brief narrative of the social and cultural variables that foster rootlessness and social disintegration in much of urban industrial life. Third, I state a strong case for how this same process may be systematically undermining the nuclear family as a life-long community, threatening the dependence of children on care-giving adults, and, thereafter, the psychological development of children.

27th International Congress On Medieval Studies, Medieval Institute, Western Michigan University

International Congress on Medieval Studies Archive

The printed program of the 27th International Congress on Medieval Studies (May 7-10, 1992).

The Sealed Adoption Records Controversy In Historical Perspective: The Case Of The Children's Home Society Of Washington, 1895-1988, E. Wayne Carp

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

I would like to thank Charlie Langdon and D. Sharon Osborne, past and present Executive Directors of the Children's Home Society of Washington (CHSW), for permission to use the CHSW's case records, and Randy Perin, Supervisor of the CHSW's Adoption Resource Center, whose enthusiasm for this project has been inspirational. I am also grateful to Roger W. Toogood, Executive Director of the Children's Home Society of Minnesota (CHSM), and Marietta E. Spencer, Program Director, Post-Legal Adoption Services, CHSM, for permitting me access to the Society's case records. I would also like to thank Paula Shields, George Behlmer, Ruth Bloch, Clarke …

Organic Communities, Atomistic Societies, And Loneliness, Ben Mijuskovic

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

The article distinguishes two models of human organization, the organic community and the atomistic society. It maintains that the organic paradigm stresses (a) the ideal unity of the whole; (b) organic or intrinsic relations; (c) living or dialectical processes; (d) the image of "members"; (e) the mutual interdependence of the members; (f) a role perspective; and (g) dynamic or natural functions. By contrast, the atomistic construction emphasizes (a) the value of individual freedom; (b) external connections; (c) mechanical or causal explanations; (d) the metaphor of "parts"; (e) the independence of the parts; (f) a rule orientation; and (g) a formalistic, …

A High School Physics Program Stressing Application To Concept Instead Of The Traditional Concept To Application Approach, William Semrau

Honors Theses

It is well documented that there is a general lack of enthusiasm displayed by most high school students towards the sciences. Questions such as "Why are we studying this, I'll never use it?", "This is boring.", and "How does this relate to the real world?" are common in the classroom. This study seeks answers to why so many students feel this way, what has been done to improve student attitudes and interest, and includes recommendations to improve high school science education, particularly in physics.

Western News, April 9, 1992, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Two faculty members; two students honored by MAGB, Candidates for dean to conduct forums, Brinkerhoff to weigh effectiveness of seminars offered to top level World Bank personnel, Alavi edits proceedings of graph conference, Smith hopes '60s activism creates math understanding, University connects Michigan citizens to variety of health and social services, Survey of Michigan teens shows substance abuse starts young; is above national average, Rural health project aims at student recruitment, University Substance Abuse Clinic thrives in off-campus location, Occupational therapist examines long-term recovery rates for carpal tunnel victims, Month-long exhibit tofeature historical artifacts from monastery founded in …

Western News, April 2, 1992, Western Michigan University

Western News (1972-2018)

Story highlights: Students help their peers achieve better grades through Supplemental Instruction Program, Page-Robin, Sharma elected to senate leadership, Survivor of Nazi twin experiments to relate her experiences, Poel leads project to better prepare elementary teachers

The Effect Of Post Consumer Waste On Flexographic And Rotogravure Printing Operations, Kirk E. Jacobsson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The impact of deinked post-consumer secondary fiber (PCW) on the printability and runnability of an uncoated recycled sheet through printing operations was studied. The PCW was substituted into the base stock (50/50 HW/SW) at levels of 25%, 50%, and 100%; and printed on web fed flexographic and rotogravure printing presses. Tensile strength, brightness, and Δ gloss decreased with the addition of secondary fiber, while opacity, roughness, and bond strength increased. Stretch, tensile energy absorption, and tonal response remained relatively unchanged as the percentage of post-consumer waste increased.

Can You Tell A Book By Its Cover?, Jeanne M. Gerlach, Steven D. Rinehart

Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts

Book fairs are great fun, and they offer students a chance to explore a world of books in a more exciting atmosphere than the school library. Today, many schools have self-selection programs and activities to suit the wide range of student reading abilities and interests. Multilevel materials are used, and students are encouraged to read as much as they can. Teacher advice and guidance is usually available as the need arises. Consequently, numerous schools have book fairs to stimulate reading through self-selection, and equally important, educators hope to promote reading interest and future reading growth. Accordingly, books for the fairs …

A Comparison Of Four Methods To Teach Complex Verbal Concepts Using A Computer-Assisted Instruction Program, John Byron Connors

Dissertations

This study compared four instructional programs which taught terminology in behavioral psychology using computer-assisted instruction (CAD with college students. The independent variable was the type of instruction presented by one of four CAI programs: (a) Rules Only, (b) Rules Plus Positive Examples, (c) Rules Plus Negative Examples, and (d) Rules Plus Positive and Negative Examples. The dependent variables were the: (a) pretest scores, (b) posttest scores, (c) 1-week delayed posttest scores, and (d) preference questionnaire scores. Using the pretest as a covariate, results approached significance (p=.07) on posttest scores only for the Rules Only and Rules Plus Positive Examples over …

Using Computerized Cinematography To Develop A Predictive Model Relating Muscle Stress And Wrist Movement, Joseph M. Kaczmar

Honors Theses

Workers in many jobs are required to perform the same tasks day after day. As a result of this repetitious work, many employees are developing what is know as Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD). There has been much research done on ways to prevent these disorders. Cumulative Trauma Disorders involving the wrist are of special concern. Repetitive motions and awkward positions of the wrist are a major cause of CTD's in the wrist. One such factor dealing with the posture is the angle between the hand and the forearm. In order to help limit the affects of CTD's of the wrist, …

Computational Simulation Of Flow Through Elbows In The Approach Piping Systems To A Headbox, Kasinathan Ramanathan

Masters Theses

The successful operation of the wet end in a paper machine is highly dependent on the approach piping system. Sheet basis weight stability and ease of making wet end adjustments are greatly impaired by improperly designed approach piping systems. Most problems in headbox approach piping occur when the flow splits, combines, and passes through elbows.

Elbows create cross flows, flow separation, and eddies, and play an important role in the uniform and stable delivery of the pulp into the headbox. The effect due to an elbow lasts for a considerable distance downstream of the elbow and is severe when two …

Letter Recognition By Mentally Retarded Adults: Improving Performance Through Differential Outcomes, Paul R. Malanga

Masters Theses

Four mentally retarded adults were taught to recognize (i.e., discriminate) finger spelling letters when presented as members of unchanging pairs (e.g., A and E, G and H). Correct responses were followed by food or verbal praise. On average, terminal accuracy was significantly greater when a correct response to a given letter was consistently followed by a particular outcome (e.g., food followed correct responses to A and praise followed correct responses to E) than when nondifferential outcomes were arranged (e.g., food followed 50% of all correct responses and praise followed the remaining 50%, regardless of whether the responses were to A …

Single And Double Ionization Of Helium By Highly Charged Sulfur Ions, Karen M. Lifrieri

Masters Theses

Single and double ionization of helium by highly charged sulfur projectiles is investigated over an energy range of 0.16 to 1.6 MeV/u. Absolute cross sections for the processes of pure ionization, ionization associated with single capture, and ionization associated with single loss by S^6,13+ projectiles were experimentally determined and compared with previous results and theories. Ratios of double-tosingle ionization for each outgoing projectile charge state were also determined and compared with theory. The pure ionization ratios for S⁶⁺ at the highest energies investigated show the q²/E dependence predicted by Knudsen et al. (1984). For S^{13+ …}

Teacher Proximity As An Instructional Variable In The Use Of Interactive Video, Rosalie L. Kirsch

Masters Theses

Teacher proximity during the use of the video disc Mastering Fractions produced by Systems Impact (1984) was investigated for effects on student on-task behavior. The study used a randomized multi-element design and was implemented in two classrooms at the junior high school level. In Phase 1, the 12 subjects were enrolled in a regular education mathematics classroom. The seven students in Phase 2 were enrolled in a special education classroom in the same school. During both phases, students were observed during teacher proximity and non-proximity conditions. Results of the study indicate no observable differences in student attending behavior when comparing …

Performance Prediction In Track And Field, Ted James Dabbs

Masters Theses

The study investigated the degree to which predicting performance in track and field relates to individual performances of track athletes. Predictive scores were determined for 26 male and 14 female athletes using prediction equations and test procedures developed by Henson, Turner, and Lacourse (1989a; 1989b). Predictive scores were compared to athletes' individual event point scores published in International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) men's and women's multi-event scoring tables ("Scoring Table for Men's," 1962; "Scoring Table for Women's," 1971).

Each subject's height, weight and age were recorded as well as performances on the following tests: vertical jump, standing long jump, five …

Effects Of Feedback Type And Signal Probability On Quality Inspection Accuracy, Matthew A. Mason

Dissertations

A computer simulation was developed to examine the effects of feedback type (immediate, delayed, or none) and signal probability (p = 0.05 or 0.12) on the accuracy of identifying signals (missing components), inspection response rate, and response sensitivity (d'). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of six experimental groups: (1) immediate feedback with a signal probability of 0.05 (1/0.05), (2) delayed feedback with a signal probability of 0.05 (D/0.05), (3) no feedback with a signal probability of 0.05 (N/0.05), (4) immediate feedback with a signal probability of 0.12 (1/0.12), (5) delayed feedback with a signal probability of …

Job Aids, Feedback, And The Teaching Of Verbal-Reasoning, Angela Williams Campbell

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to test the effects of a job aid and feedback on learning to solve directional verbal-reasoning problems, and (2) to examine whether students’ skills transferred to similar problems following the removal of both the job aid and feedback. Some previous researchers who studied problem solving utilized the think-aloud technique and used solutions generated by expert problem solvers. The think-aloud technique, although perhaps a good one, is not practical in the classroom. In the main study, a job aid was incorporated within the problem so students would be able to use guidance toward …

Exploring The Self-In-Relation Theory: Women's Idealized Relationships-Of-Choice And Psychological Health, K. Heidi Fishman

Dissertations

The self-in-relation theory (e.g., Kaplan, 1984; Kaplan 6 Klein, 1985; Miller, 1984, 1986, 1988; Surrey, 1985, 198?) asserts that women's development is based on relationships. According to the Stone Center theorists (Kaplan, 1984; Miller, 1988; Stiver, 1986-1989, 1986- 1990; Surrey, 1984), psychopathology in women can stem out of non-growth-fostering relationships which leave women feeling a profound sense of disconnection and loss. Similarly, psychological health develops out of growth fostering relationships. This study investigates the connections between women's relational experiences, their idealized relationships-of-choice, the health of their families-of-origin, and current psychological health.

Thirty-eight women were interviewed and given psychological measurements in …

Algorithms For Incomplete Hypercubes, Venkata K. Prabhala

Masters Theses

Networked multiprocessing architectures for parallel com putation offer an alternative to high cost supercomputing. Recently hypercube has emerged as the most versatile architecture for parallel com putations. However, the number of nodes m in a hypercube is a power of 2, 2^d, where d is the dimension of the hypercube. In practice, it m ay not be possible to have a complete hypercube because the cost of upgradation is proportional to the num ber of nodes. Incomplete and Composite hypercubes help remove the exponential node(and hence cost) constraint.

In this thesis we establish the equality of m-node …

A Comparison Of Percent Body Fat Calculated By Three Methods: Hydrostatic Weighing, Skinfolds, And Near Infrared Technique, James W. Hill

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the near infrared technique for assessing body composition. Hydrostatic weighing was used as the criterion measure to which skinfold technique and near infrared technique (as measured by the Futrex-5000) were compared. Two hundred subjects (115 females, 85 males) had their body composition assessed by the three techniques. The intraclass reliability of the Futrex-5000 was measured at r = .997. The Pearson product-moment correlation between hydrostatic weighing and the Futrex-5000 was r = .71 p < .01. The mean percent body fat derived from hydrostatic weighing was 19.3% compared to 21.6% for the Futrex-5000. At test indicated a significant difference between the mean percent body fats calculated by hydrostatic weighing and the Futrex-5000, t(160) = -5.21, p < .01. This study indicated that the Futrex-5000 was not as valid as either skinfold technique or hydrostatic weighing.

Hands-On Versus Verbal Occupation: Effects On Free Recall In Brain-Injured Adults, Aaron M. Eakman

Masters Theses

This study compared the effects of hands-on occupation versus verbal occupation in terms of free recall performance in brain-injured adults. Thirty males who had sustained a closed head injury with Rancho Los Amigos (Malkmus & Stenderup, 1974) cognitive levels of either VI, VII, or VIII were selected from nine midwestern brain injury rehabilitation facilities and randomly assigned to either the hands-on or verbal condition. After all subjects received preliminary verbal instructions for a food preparation occupation, verbal subjects again received the verbal information while the hands-on subjects prepared the food item. Subjects were then asked to recall the occupation's steps …

Fountain Solution Ph And Conductivity Changes Caused By Paper Extractables During Offset Printing, Douglas E. Cox

Masters Theses

Economical and environmental issues are causing papermakers to change from the traditional acid papermaking process to neutral and alkaline papermaking processes. Also, offset printers are changing from traditional acid type fountain solutions, with or without alcohol, to: (a) neutral, (b) alkaline, and (c) acid with alcohol substitute type fountain solutions. The interaction between these new papermaking variables and fountain solutions and their effect on printability needs to be investigated.

The pH, conductivity, and contact angle changes of five different offset printing fountain solutions were monitored during offset printing press trials on acid, neutral and alkaline basestocks.

The results indicate that …

A Comparative Study Of High And Low Achieving Inner-City African-American Sophomore Males’ Expectations Of Self, In-School And Out-Of-School Support, John L. Jackson Sr.

Dissertations

Academic and personal successes and failures of young inner-city African- American males are invariably linked to the dynamics of family life, societal acceptance, economic and political opportunities and participation, and cultural expressions and peculiarities. Additionally, there may be other important factors, such as personal meanings, present and projected insecurities, differing values, hopes, and so forth, which may be highly contributive to determining the extent to which these youngsters perceive their chances of succeeding in the larger society. The implication here is that academic and other life successes are not only depended on individual responsibility and commitment, but also the supportive …

Calcite Cementation Of Pleistocene Glacial Deposits In Southwest Michigan, Robert Lee Tolliver

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.