Digital Commons Network^™

Effects Of Intermittent Fasting And Physical Activity On Salivary Expression Of Reduced Glutathione And Interleukin-1b, Colton Allen, Brandon Sellers, Mackinzie Smith, Alyssa Edwards, Kirsten Gateless, Bailey Aab, Kalee Sherrard, Carl Bolyard, Shawn Stover

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(7): 1063-1071, 2020. Previous research has consistently demonstrated that regular exercise promotes antioxidant production and decreases the expression of inflammation markers. However, there is very little research examining the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study investigated the hypothesis that a combination of IF and physical activity will reduce the need for glutathione (GSH) production by decreasing oxidative stress. In addition, it was hypothesized that a combination of IF and physical activity will significantly reduce inflammation, as indicated by a decrease in interleukin-1b (IL-1b) concentration. For three months, subjects …

Reasons For The Theory-Practice Gap In Education Administration, Gary Houchens, Ysuf Badavan, Nuray Kisa

School of Leadership & Professional Studies Faculty Publications

The theory-practice gap can be defined as "a failure to apply or to relate the concepts, ideas and theories to professional conditions". The aim of this research was to explore the reasons for the theory-practice gap in the field of educational administration. Participants included 380 school administrators working in primary, secondary and high schools and 57 researchers working in different higher education institutions in Ankara. The views are collected through the questionnaire with two different forms, namely Reasons of Theory-Practice Gap in the Field of Educational Administration developed by the researchers. Data were interpreted by percentages, frequency distributions and chi-square …

Manson, Thomas H. - Letter To (Sc 3547), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid, scan and typescript (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3547. Letter, 15 December (no year), to Thomas H. Manson, Oak Grove, Christian County, Kentucky from “Mary” in Fayette County, Tennessee. Writing to “My dear Parents,” she tells of visitors and friends in the area and asks about various aunts and uncles. She refers to visiting “Montgomery” (possibly Montgomery County, Tennessee, where a “Mary E. M. Manson” married a “William E. Palmer” in 1840). Her letter refers to a “Mr. Palmer” as well as to her children, including an “ugly girl” who she is anxious to …

Bowles, Margaret Eleanor (Nicholls), 1869-1950 (Sc 3546), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3546. Letter, 10 April 1911, of Margaret (“Madge”) N. Bowles, Bardstown, Kentucky, to Margaret (Nicholls) Hines, Bowling Green, Kentucky. She provides information on the Nicholls family, originally of Baltimore, Maryland, from which they are both descended.

Account Books - Bowling Green, Kentucky (Mss 704), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 704. Three account books of Bowling Green, Kentucky merchants: J. M. McClure, John Hines, and an unidentified dry goods and drug merchant.

Barren River Imaginative Museum Of Science - Bowling Green, Kentucky (Mss 708), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 708. By-laws, board minutes, correspondence, newsletters, public relations material and information related to events and programming sponsored by the Barren River Imaginative Museum of Science (BRIMS) in Bowling Green, Kentucky. The digital photographs have been saved in the WKU Photo Archives.

Jeffrey, Jonathan David, B. 1960 - Collector (Sc 3544), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 3544. Collected material on the house at 610 East Main Avenue, Bowling Green, Kentucky, built in 1908 and known as the “Carrie Taylor house.” Includes data on its history, design, and owners; photographs; clippings; and plans for a 1933 renovation. Also includes a WKU student research paper on the house, and a compact disc with a slide presentation about the house and two of its owners, Carrie Taylor and Blanche Potter Sharpe.

Seeley Family Bible Records (Sc 3519), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3519. Copies of pages from the Bible of the Seeley family of Warren County, Kentucky, recording births, deaths and marriages.

Sumpter Family Papers (Sc 3545), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 3545. Contracts, deeds, mortgages, bills of sale and associated documents of the Sumpter family of Bowling Green, Kentucky relating to the acquisition, subdivision and development of the Cedar Ridge neighborhood. Includes a 1962 plat map of a subdivision extension, a 1990 plan for a sanitary sewer extension, and a narrative history of the neighborhood. Also includes a Sumpter estate document and a promissory note and deed of the Patillo family.

Determining Perceptions To Electronically-Delivered, Personally-Adaptive, Multimedia Exercise Prompts For Middle-Age Adults, Paula-Marie M. Ferrara, Ethan T. Schaltegger, Cory Beaumont, Kelley Strohacker

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 979-995, 2020. Due to high interaction rates, smart devices are being utilized for mobile health (mHealth) interventions. Multimedia capabilities may be leveraged to improve mHealth exercise interventions. Our purpose was to explore individuals’ perceptions of multimedia exercise prompts tailored to their immediate mental/physical states. Using electronic surveys, respondents provided in-the-moment ratings of emotional state, energy, fatigue, physical discomfort, and thirst, with higher scores reflecting a higher “readiness to exercise” (i.e., if a person is currently in a pleasant mood with high energy and low discomfort, he/she is likely to have a greater capacity for …

The Relationship Between Aerobic Test Performance And Injuries In Police Recruits, Robin Marc Orr, Danielle Ferguson, Ben Schram, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie, Rodney Pope

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1052-1062, 2020. Lower levels of fitness are associated with an increased risk of injury in police recruits. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between initial aerobic performance assessments and injury risk during police recruit training. Retrospective data from 219 police recruits undergoing training program at a state police training academy, including 20-m Multistage Fitness Test (MSFT) and 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (IFT) scores and injury data, were collected. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between levels of fitness (MSFT rs = - 0.292, p < 0.001: 30-15 IFT rs=- 0.315, p < 0.001) and rates of injury. Furthermore, a Pearson’s correlation showed a strong correlation between MSFT and the 30-15 IFT scores (r = 0.877, p < 0.001). Police recruits with lower fitness were at a higher risk of injury than those with higher fitness over the duration of a recruit training program. These findings indicate that aerobic performance assessments may be used by law enforcement agencies to estimate the relative risks of injury among cadets.

Reproducibility Of Objective And Subjective Markers Of Exercise Recovery In College Aged Males, Katie Coffey, Rachel Mccollum, Elizabeth Smyth, Eliza Casey, Jade Plunkett, Katy Horner

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1041-1051, 2020. This study investigated the reproducibility of objective and subjective parameters of recovery pre- and post-exercise in college-aged male athletes. Thirteen male (aged 19-22y) team sport players were assessed for a range of recovery markers before and 24 hours after a repeated sprint protocol. An identical procedure was followed one week later. Participants undertook two objective tests: creatine kinase (CK) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height; and two subjective tests: visual analogue scale (VAS) for muscle soreness and 5-item well-being questionnaire (WB). Coefficients of variation (CV) of CMJ and WB were lowest of all …

Anthropometrical And Physical Fitness Predictors Of Operational Military Test Performance In Air Force Personnel, Raí Tripolone Silva, Fabio A D Campos, Leandra Cristina Benetti Campos, Monica Y. Takito, Edison M. Miron, Idico L. Pellegrinotti, Emerson Franchini

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1028-1040, 2020. The objective of this study was to verify the relationships between the anthropometrical and physical fitness parameters (measured by the Physical Conditioning Assessment (PCA) of the Aeronautics Command), with the operational performance in the simulated military task performance (SMTP) performed by the infantry military of a Brazilian Air Force (BAF) unit. These evaluations were performed on two distinct days, interspersed by 48h, with PCA on the first day and the SMTP in the second. The distribution of the dependent variable was not normal (Shapiro-Wilk test, p = 0.001). Data are presented as …

Analyzing The Training Load Demands, And Influence Of Sex And Body Mass, On The Tactical Task Of A Casualty Drag Via Surface Electromyography Wearable Technology, Robert G. Lockie, Matthew R. Moreno, Spencer Ducheny, Robin Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Katherine Balfany

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1012-1027, 2020. This study measured the training load (TL) demands associated with a military-specific casualty drag measured via surface electromyography (sEMG) wearable technology, and the influence of sex and body mass on these measures. Thirty-six college-aged participants (males = 25; females = 11) performed two trials of a 123-kg (91-kg dummy with 32-kg load) backwards casualty drag over 15 m. Time was recorded to calculate drag velocity, with the fastest trial analyzed. Prior to testing, participants were fitted with compression garments embedded with sensors to measure the vastus lateralis and medialis (quadriceps; QUAD), biceps …

A Comparison Of V̇O2, And Muscle And Prefrontal Cortex Tissue Oxygen Extraction Between Short And Long-Term Aerobically Trained Men Aged 40 - 60 Years, Gavin Buzza

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 964-978, 2020. This study was designed to compare systemic O₂ utilization (V̇O₂), and changes in tissue O₂ extraction [deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb)] in the vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius (GAST) and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) tissue; between aerobically short-term trained (STT) and long-term trained (LTT) older men (40 - 60 yr) who were matched for current training load. On separate occasions, 14 STT and 14 LTT participants completed ramp incremental (RI) and square-wave constant load (SWCL) tests on a cycle ergometer. In LTT compared to STT; (i) V̇O₂ was higher during the RI …

Physiological And Biomechanical Differences Between Seated And Standing Uphill Cycling, Quint N. Berkemeier, Brent W. Alumbaugh, Trevor Gillum, Jared Coburn, Jong-Kyung Kim, Michael Reeder, Chelsie A. Fechtner, Gerald A. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 996-1011, 2020. Despite differences in economy, cyclists climb in seated and standing positions. Prompted by gaps in research, we compared VO₂ and heart rate (HR) (Study 1), muscle activation (Study 2) and breathing and pedaling entrainment (Study 3). METHODS: Subjects rode their bicycles on a treadmill in seated and standing positions. In Study 1, VO₂ and HR of four male cyclists (21.3 ± 1.7 yrs; 69.1 ± 6 ml/kg/min) were collected, alternating positions every 5 minutes for 20 minutes (8 mph, 8% grade). In Study 2, muscle activations of eight male cyclists …

Morgan, Eldon Stephenson, 1879-1961 (Sc 3543), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3543. Letter, 15 September 1930, from Eldon S. Morgan, Scottsville, Kentucky Chief of Police, to Harry G. Smith, Secretary of the Kentucky Bankers Association, Louisville, Kentucky. He advises of his participation in the recent capture of a bank robber and asks for details regarding the offer and payment of a reward.

I Love You, Go Away (A Novel), John Matthew Steinhafel

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

I Love You, Go Away, a novel set in Milwaukee, tells the story of a twenty-two year-old nobody, Gabriel Driscoll, who meets and befriends a middle-aged, drug addicted, recluse actor, Beau Brooks. But less than six months into their friendship Beau commits suicide. At the funeral Gabriel meets a twenty-nine-year-old corporate executive, Michelle, the daughter of Beau’s long-time girlfriend. Gabriel and Michelle bond over their mutual grief and quickly strike up a romance. At the same time, Gabriel’s semi-estranged mother, Sadie, a recovering heroin addict, reaches out to him in an effort to rebuild their relationship. What follows for Gabriel …

The Association Between Body Image, Sexual Satisfaction, And Relationship Satisfaction In Adults, Hannah Krisher

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether body image and sexual satisfaction predict romantic relationship satisfaction. The 198 participants completed measures assessing for the predictor and outcome variables. They completed the Body Assessment Scale (BAS; Lorenzen et al., 2004), Index of Sexual Satisfaction (ISS; Hudson, 1998; Hudson et al., 1981), and the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988) via a Qualtrics questionnaire. Participants accessed the study online through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) database and completion took approximately 10 to 20 minutes. Results suggested that body image and sexual satisfaction significantly and positively predicted relationship satisfaction. The findings from …

Synthesis Of Cds/Zns Core/Shell Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Austin Skyler Antle

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Core/shell semiconductor nanoparticles are of great interest as photocatalysts due to their large surface area per volume and tunable band gaps. The synthesis of core/shell semiconductor nanoparticles has traditionally involved the use of binding ligands to ensure the particles do not aggregate. These binding ligands lower the surface area of the nanoparticles though, reducing their overall efficiency. Ionic liquids have been found to be capable of acting as both solvents and stabilizing agents for synthesis of catalysts with highly active surfaces. Our experiments focus on the synthesis of CdS/ZnS core/shell nanoparticles with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate, [BMIM][MeSO4], acting …

Improved Antimicrobial Properties Of Silver Nanoparticles With Methylene Blue, Ermek Belekov

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Photosensitizing agents are the cornerstone of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that play essential role in deactivation process of multidrug resistant pathogens and tumor treatments. In this work we studied a photosensitizing agent made from mixture of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and methylene blue (MB) which possess improved important characteristics like high photostability and high singlet oxygen yield. Ag NPs were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation technique in different aqueous solutions like Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), citrate and Deionized (DI) water. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized in depth using with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UVVisible (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Ag NPs were …

Reconstruction Embattled: The Memphis Race Massacre Of 1866 In The Press And Tennessee's First Year Of Interracial Democracy.", Morgan Nicole Baxter

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The racial violence that occurred in Memphis, Tennessee on the first three days of May 1866 was no sudden accident. Following the abolition of slavery and the fall of the Confederacy, race riots and racial violence in general intensified as a result of fluctuating race relations in southern states whose social hierarchies were built upon the degradation and supposed inferiority of blacks. The Memphis Massacre of 1866 was one such expression of white anger and bitterness over the disenfranchisement of former Confederates, the increasing numbers of educated, wealthy blacks coming into Memphis, and the disturbance of the old status quo …

Psychometric Properties Of The College Athlete Psychological Screening Tool: Validation Of The Depression And Anxiety Subscales, Joseph C. Case

Dissertations

The aim of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the descriptive psychometric properties of the College Athlete Psychological Screening (CAPS) measure. The CAPS is a newly developed assessment screening measure designed to assess 14 common problem areas for college athletes. For the present investigation, 395 participants completed the 108-item CAPS measure. To establish criterion validity, participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The present study had three research questions. Question one discussed the descriptive psychodynamic properties (Cronbach’s alpha, means, and standard deviations) of the 14 CAPS subscales. Question two …

Academic Library Support Of Social Entrepreneurship Programs, Anthony L. Paganelli

Dissertations

The concept of social entrepreneurship was introduced into higher education in the late 1980s. Since then, social entrepreneurship programs have increased at higher educational institutions nationally and globally. This study examines how academic libraries support the growing trend of social entrepreneurship programs and the perceptions of academic library administrators and faculty librarians toward social entrepreneurship programs. Based on the review of literature, little information exists regarding the academic library support of social entrepreneurship programs. This study involved a survey instrument distributed to academic library administrators and faculty librarians from social entrepreneurship program institutions and a follow-up interview. The analysis provided …

The Russian Research Center At Harvard Versus Cambridge Analytica: Influencing The Public In A Cold War, Robert Joshua Howard

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

College Choice Decisions: An Analysis Of University Honors Students, Thomas Tyler Clark

Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to analyze the importance of various institutional attributes in the college-choice process of honors students. The study surveyed honors students (N = 279) currently enrolled in an honors college at one university. Students rated 51 items on the degree of importance in their college decision. An exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the underlying factors in the college-choice process.

The results indicated that cost was the most important issue students considered when determining an institution to attend. Cost of attendance and financial assistance offered were followed by quality of course instruction, safety on …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2020, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Phenomenology Study Of Possible External And Internal Factors Relating T Women’S Under-Representation In Leadership In Large Chinese Media Organizations In Beijing City, Xiaoxue Xiang

Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of possible factors that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions in Chinese media through their lived experience. The 10 participants in this study were from large media organizations in Beijing. The results of this study indicate Balancing work and family and Chinese traditional culture can be considered as the external possible factors of the barriers women leaders encountered in Beijing large media organizations; the negative influence of traditional culture on Chinese women, which refers to women’s low self-evaluation and negative self-awareness, can be taken as the …

Training To Develop Academic Advisor Efficacy And Workforce Readiness, Jessica Powers

Dissertations

The competitive workforce views training as an investment in human capital, which is seen as its most valuable asset. In order to meet labor demands of tomorrow, the workforce will depend on higher education to educate workers. This will put academic advisors and the training they receive further in the spotlight, as they play a meaningful role in student success. Training has been shown to increase occupational self-efficacy and impact employee performance, but empirical research is lacking from the advisor perspective to explore their perception of training and occupational self-efficacy. In a study of N = 108 of faculty and …

The Relationship Between Organizational Trauma-Informed Care And Secondary Trauma Symptoms In Staff Members Of Kentucky Domestic Violence Programs, Mary Ellen Foley

Dissertations

This study evaluated secondary traumatic stress (STS) levels in 89 employees from Kentucky’s 15 regional domestic crisis programs to determine whether certain demographic variables predicted STS levels (as measured by the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale©) and whether employee perception of organizational trauma-informed care practices (as measured by the Ticometer©) reduced levels of STS. Results of a multiple regression analysis indicated that personal trauma history severity did significantly impact STS levels. In this way, the current study rejected the null hypothesis. Results also indicated that the more the employee perceived the organization to adopt and execute trauma-informed care practices, the lower …