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Physical And Lifestyle Factors Influencing Bone Density In Jockeys: A Comprehensive Update Of The Bone Density Status Of Irish Jockeys, Arthur Dunne, Giles Warrington, Adrian Mcgoldrick, Jennifer Pugh, Michael Harrison, Siobhan O'Connor, Gillian O'Loughlin, Sarahjane Cullen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 324-337, 2021. Compromised bone density in jockeys has previously been identified as an important health and safety concern in horseracing. Despite this, no update on the bone density status in Irish jockeys has been provided in the past decade. The study aimed to conduct a comprehensive update of the current bone density status in professional Irish jockeys and identify possible contributory physical and lifestyle factors. Eighty-five professional male jockeys (flat n = 39; national hunt (NH) n = 46) completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for the assessment of body composition and bone …

Effects Of A Vibrating Foam Roller On Ipsilateral And Contralateral Neuromuscular Function And The Hamstring-To-Quadriceps Ratios, Rachel M. Ruggieri, Jared W. Coburn, Andrew J. Galpin, Pablo B. Costa

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(1): 304-323, 2021. The effects of vibrating foam rolling the hamstrings on range of motion (ROM), hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratios, muscle activation, and peak torque (PT) of the quadriceps and hamstrings have yet to be extensively studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a vibrating foam roller on the hamstrings. Fifteen resistance trained women (mean age ± SD = 22.9 ± 2.0 years, height = 162.7 ± 4.8 cm, body mass = 66.0 ± 9.7 kgs, BMI = 24.9 ± 3.3 kg·m²) participated in five separate testing sessions to …

Courtship - Relating To (Sc 3584), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3584. Handwritten request, undated, written in humorously elaborate language to a young lady asking to accompany her to church.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 18, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Crisp, Hannah. Homesickness & COVID-19: Obstacles for Freshmen Increase Amid Strange Semester
• On Student Press Freedom Day: Stop Suing the College Heights Herald
• Mallon, Sam. Slippery Slopes – Snow, Winter
• Aboah, Henri. A Place in My Heart: Professor on 38 Years at WKU – Saundra Starks
• Broekema. Gabi. Instagram Account Glorifies the Common Chair – Chairs of Western
• Gaylord, Kaden. WKU to Play No. 6 Houston, Host Florida International University as Season Nears End – Basketball
• Toennies, Drew. Lady Toppers Travel to Florida This Weekend …

The Effect Of Perceptually Regulated Recovery On Lift Quality Of Females During Different Resistance Training Conditions, Sarah Matthews, Andrew Wolfe, Matt Laurent, Michael Luera, Ty Hill, Aaron Rinehart, David Sneed, Tyler Frank, Heath Mcpherson, Samantha Derda

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous investigation identified the utilization of perceptually regulated recovery as a comparable, and occasionally optimal, method of regulating rest-time between bouts of exercise. Additionally, substantial variances in mean self-selected recovery time between male and female has recently been reported when completing resistance exercise intended to improve muscular strength. These finding suggested females recover quicker than males, and the current standardized intrasession rest recommendations may necessitate adjustments to account for sex specific responses. PURPOSE: The goal of the current investigate was to examine female lift quality responses to perceptually regulated intrasession recovery during various resistance training protocols. METHODS: Participants …

Recognizing Need For At In Middle School Setting, Leynah Flores, Andrea Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Athletic trainers (AT) play an important role in a variety of job settings. However, one population that could greatly benefit from additional attention is the Middle School setting. A full time AT will be able to communicate and create a positive rapport with not only the athletes but the parents as well while providing competent healthcare. PURPOSE: To recognize the need of an athletic trainer in the middle school setting. METHODS: A multi-question Qualtrics survey was distributed through social media for coaches, administrators, and athletic trainers to fill out. The athletic trainers must currently work at a high …

Does Mental Toughness Relate To Maximum Heart Rate During Secondary Prevention? Preliminary Evidence Of A Phase Ii Cardiac Rehabilitation Program., Josh Pian, Grant B. Morgan, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Shawn Hernandez, Christopher Rosser, Andreas Stamatis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular events (CVEs) and deaths in the United States. Individuals, who experience a CVE, are currently referred to Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) phase II to improve their overall health and quality of life outcomes. Maximum Heart Rate (HRmax) is one of the strongest predictors of CR outcomes. Over the past few decades, psychological health has been recognized as a crucial part of CR outcomes. Mental toughness (MT) has been found to predict well-being. Research investigating the direction and the strength of the relationship between mental toughness (MT) and CR is scarce. PURPOSE: To …

Paraspinal Muscle Fatigue Influences Trunk Kinematics During Single-Leg Drop Jump Landings, Natalie A. Delgadillo, Michael W. Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Neuromuscular fatigue of the paraspinal muscles modifies kinematics responses to perturbations in controlled settings. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess trunk kinematics response during single-leg drop landings before and after induced neuromuscular fatigue of the low back muscles. METHODS: 13 male and female volunteers (22.3 ± 2.6 years, 1.66 ± 0.09m, 68.0 ± 14.0 kg) performed single-leg drop landings with their preferred leg from a 30 cm height before and after induced neuromuscular fatigue of the trunk. 3-D analysis of the trunk kinematics was performed using reflective spheres of 14 mm diameter. Maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) …

Religious Coping And Depression: A Five-Wave Study During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Individuals With Chronic Illness And Disease, Rylee C. Mchenry, Grant Morgan, Richard G. Cowden, Edward B. Davis, Kevin J. Glowiak, Austin W. Lemke, Everett L. Worthington, Sandi Rueger, Andreas Stamatis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The rise of Chronic Illness and Disease (CID) globally and the increase in lifespan/survival rates among those with CID have boosted the interest on how coping, a psychosocial construct, influences rehabilitation. A relationship between coping and psychosocial adjustment has been repeatedly confirmed. Religious coping (RC), a specific emotion-focused coping act, focuses on the roles of religion in crisis, trauma, or transition. RC is part of secondary appraisals and it can take two forms: positive and negative. There is high prevalence of depression among people with CID. Coexisting depression and the COVID-19 pandemic have added significant burden on those individuals’ daily …

Sex Differences In The Augmented Metaboreflex In Type 1 Diabetic Rats, Jennice D. Herrera, Ann-Katrin Grotle, Yu Huo, Michelle L. Harrison, Audrey J. Stone

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Studies have shown that blood pressure and heart rate responses to metabolites produced during muscle contraction (i.e., metaboreflex) are exaggerated in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). It is not known, however, if these responses differ between females and males. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if the metaboreflex, stimulated by either lactic acid or ATP, differs between sexes and if these differences change with the progression of the disease. METHODS: We compared adult female (F) and male (M) Sprague Dawley rats one week, three weeks, and six weeks after the induction of T1DM (Streptozotocin, 50mg/kg; F: …

Shooting Accuracy And Precision After Tactical Exercises Among Special Weapons And Tactic (Swat) Team Members, Kristina M. Woodford, Monica V. Kock, Jacob D. Fanno, Heather E. Webb

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Law enforcement is one of the most stressful occupations and investigations have demonstrated law enforcement officers (LEOs) have greater CVD-related morbidity and mortality than the general population. LEOs are chronically exposed to events including physical dangers and psychological stress. Every day, LEOs utilize their training to save lives and keep themselves and their communities safe, however, Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams have duties that are beyond the scope of normal law enforcement personnel. Part of this training includes the use of firearms to prepare officers to protect themselves and others in highly dangerous situations. Engaging in these dangerous situations …

The Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic And Quarantine Period On The Physical Activity And Dietary Habits Of College-Aged Students, Corby Sidebottom, Tianou Zhang, Sarah L. Ullevig, Kelly Cheever

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to sudden extreme changes in lifestyle, potentially causing adverse changes in physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and dietary habits. It is important to investigate how college students are being impacted by the quarantine periods and campus closures. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 quarantine on frequency of physical activity, frequency of food consumption and food insecurity among college students. The findings of the study will provide preliminary evidence on dietary, PA, and SB changes induced by the pandemic among college students. METHODS: Participants (N = …

Difference In Standardized Repetitions Completed At 1- Repetition Maximum Load Percentages For Women, Aaron Rinehart, Andrew A. Wolfe, Matt Laurent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In resistance training, a given training load is determined by two factors, volume (number of repetitions completed) and intensity (weight lifted). The current literature clearly recognizes an inverse relationship between the weight lifted and repetitions completed. The previous studies establishing intensity-to-repetition ratios predominantly utilized male participants. Research has yet to explore and determine appropriate resistance training intensity-repetition ratios for females. PURPOSE: Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between achieved repetitions and load lifted (a percentage of 1RM) of college females. METHODS: Subjects included 11 females with six month of consistent resistance training experience. Each participant …

Comparison Of Power Performance Between Passive And Active Warm-Up Protocols, Vinh Q. Nguyen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Foam rolling and static stretching are passive interventions designed to improve flexibility and motor performance. Dynamic exercises (active modalities) may create an optimal environment for power production. PURPOSE: to compare the acute efficacy of power output between passive and active warm-up protocols. METHODS: In a crossover study, ten active subjects (male=5, female=5) were randomly assigned to either passive or active warm-up intervention on the first session and switched to the other intervention on the second session. The passive intervention includes one set of foam rolling on the front of the hip for both legs in the prone position …

Determining The Attitudes & Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine (Cam) Among Collegiate Athletes, Baylee C. Rejcek, Andrea L. Green, Megan B. Haynes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

There are many different approaches to medicine, so it is necessary to expand current knowledge on what patients and clinicians are using. Efforts to expand complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research will enhance clinicians’ perspectives by not only creating an interest in becoming educated on the topic, but also by challenging negative perspectives to become more unbiased. Clinicians should educate themselves and patients in a way that is non-discriminatory. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to gain insight on what medicinal practices collegiate-level athletes are utilizing in effort to heal themselves, whether that be physically, mentally, or spiritually. METHODS: …

The Effects Of Multiple Bouts Of Tabata On Post-Exercise Metabolism: A Pilot Analysis, Blake W. Johnson, Alexander Alvara, James R. Rowe Jr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Compare the resting metabolic rate (RMR) following: 1) no exercise (REST), 2) completion of 1 bout of TABATA (1-BOUT), 3) completion of 2 bouts of TABATA (2-BOUT), and 4) completion of 10 bouts of TABATA (10-BOUT). METHODS: Recreationally active individuals (n = 5; 1F, 4M; age = 23.4 ± 1.9 yrs; body mass = 72. 7.2 ± 16.9 kg; body fat% = 28.7 ± 4.9) performed each of the 4 protocols on separate days with at least 7 days in between protocols. Rest consisted of not exercising on the day of the assessment. 1-BOUT consisted of performing a …

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Is Not A Surrogate Of Venous Occlusion Plethysmography To Assess Microvascular Function, Manuel Gomez, Francisco Morales-Acuna, Alvaro N. Gurovich

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) a non-invasive technique used to measure tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Recent studies used the combination of a Venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) with NIRS to study microvascular function. NIRS have demonstrated to monitor effectively perfusion changes in muscle microcirculation. PURPOSE: of this study was to determine if NIRS can surrogate microvascular function measured via VOP. METHODS: A total of 20 young apparent healthy subjects, were recruited for this study. NIRS and VOP were performed simultaneously at the right forearm and right calf. VOP strain gauges placed around the widest part of both extremities between cuffs. Probes …

Changes In Body Composition And Aerobic Fitness Levels In College Students' First Semester, Nicole Varone, Vipa Bernhardt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: College students have been shown to increase in weight at a higher rate than young adults who do not attend college(Mihalopoulos et al, 2008). The greatest increases have been found to occur in the first semester of freshman year with the majority of increased mass believed to be fat mass(Hootman et al, 2007). Conversely, engagement in physical activity and thus aerobic fitness declines throughout the college years(De Bourdeaudhuij et al, 2002). PURPOSE: This study examined changes in body composition (i.e., fat and lean mass) and cardiorespiratory fitness levels in college students in their first semester of college. …

The Effects Of Mindful Meditation On Self-Esteem And Self-Compassion In Female Collegiate Dance Majors, Katherine Jankevicius, Robyn H. Whitehead, Heather Samuelson, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Body image and self-esteem is an everchanging mindset that occurs in everyone, and in recent years the idea of positive thinking has become more prevalent. In physical activities such as dance, that focuses on the way the body moves and looks, perceptions of one’s body image can become distorted. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a mindful meditation intervention on self-esteem and self-compassion in female collegiate dance majors. METHODS: A total of ten female participants (age = 22.1 ± 1.5 years) with an average of 12.6 ± 5.9 years of dance experience were recruited …

Type Iv, Salter Harris Fracture - Adolescent Male Soccer Player, Melany E. Adams, Georgios Tsikouris, Abigail G. Seamans, Nikolaos Gravvanis, Fotios Papageorgiou, Georgia Dedousi, Theofanis Papadakis, Lisa A. Vicencio, Andreas Stamatis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: An amateur, 14-year-old soccer player celebrated his goal by attempting a backflip. He ended up landing abnormally on his left foot. He complained about pain and swelling in the lateral aspect of the left ankle. PHYSICAL EXAM: The athlete was admitted to Children’s Hospital. The diagnosis based on the first X-Ray was Type II, Salter Harris fracture. The patient was treated conservatively. A short, leg cast was placed and per os analgesics were given. He was hospitalized for two days. Before getting discharged, a second X-Ray showed a well-aligned fracture. Two days later, the patient was …

Championship Suspensions Due To Covid-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Results On Mental Toughness Levels Of Greek Athletes, Alexandra Spinou, Georgia Dedousi, Nikolaos Gravvanis, Georgios Tsikouris, Grant Morgan, Andreas Stamatis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Athletes tie their identity to sports competition. Athletic identity loss has been mainly examined in the contexts of injury and/or retirement. The restrictive measures that have taken place during the COVID-19 pandemic have created a unique environment for athletic identity to be investigated in unprecedented numbers. One way to group the measures that have been taken against the COVID-19 is between pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). During this pandemic, Greece has included the suspension of athletic seasons of most championships in the adopted NPIs. Preliminary evidence has shown that suspending championships during the pandemic has led to changes in athletic …

Psychological Impact Of An Athlete's Life, Kaylee Rose, Andi Green

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Injuries are a common occurrence for athletes that are active in competitive sports. When an athlete is injured, many emotions are at play and can provide a powerful impact psychologically. PURPOSE: This research will identify any psychological impact from an injury on an athlete’s overall life. The data gained will be instrumental in providing a basis for clinician education and intervention development. METHODS: Participates completed a 21-question survey through Qualtrics for this study. All of the participants are current or recently retired in the last five years NCAA Division 1 athletes. Out of the 21 questions, 12 of …

Relationships Between Relative Power And Selective Measures Of Performance In Male And Female Collegiate Basketball Players, Javier A. Zaragoza, Doug B. Smith, Bert H. Jacobson, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between relative power and selected measures of linear, change of direction (CODS) and speed endurance in collegiate basketball players. METHODS: Archived testing data from 29 (male=14; female=15) NCAA division II collegiate basketball players were used for this analysis. Performance (i.e., lane agility, 10-yard sprint, and 300-yard shuttle run) data were assessed. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine if significant relationships exist between relative power and the selected performance tests. All data were analyzed using a free open-source statistical software package (JASP, Version 0.11.1, Amsterdam, …

Enhancing Mental Toughness In Student-Athletes During The Covid-19 Pandemic Via Educational-Based Psychological Skills Training: Preliminary Results Of A Pilot Study, Madison Giuliani, Grant Morgan, Richard G. Cowden, Jeff S. Forsse, Andreas Stamatis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

One group of measures against the COVID-19 pandemic have been the non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs taken by the NCAA included suspension of athletic seasons. Suspended championships during the pandemic have decimated the world of sports and led to changes in athletic role identity and social connectedness, which negatively affected student-athletes’ mental health (MH). One psychological characteristic that has the potential to support the MH and well-being of athletes is mental toughness (MT). MT is associated with successful sport performance and positive MH outcomes. Although empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of educational-based psychological skills training (PST) in promoting MH, similar effects …

An Extended Period Of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing Prior To Consumption Has No Additive Benefit On Cycling Performance, Henry D. Gebhardt, Eric J. Jones, Dustin P. Joubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Due to limited glycogen stores, carbohydrate (CHO) consumption during exercise is effective at improving performance in endurance events lasting longer than 90 minutes in duration. Recent research has established that CHO mouth rinsing may improve performance over shorter durations, independent of actual consumption. However, research is lacking in determining if an extended period of mouth rinsing has any additive benefit in conjunction with typical CHO beverage consumption over longer competition durations, where CHO ingestion/consumption is likely warranted. PURPOSE: Determine the effects of CHO mouth rinsing combined with consumption compared to CHO consumption alone on cycling performance. METHODS: Following …

A Case Study Comparison Of Two Carbon-Plated Running Shoes On Running Economy And Running Mechanics, Dustin P. Joubert, Caleb Garcia, Blake W. Johnson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The advent of the carbon-plated running shoe, in support of the first, historic sub 2-hour marathon, has resulted in an arms race across various running shoe companies in hopes of providing a similar competitive advantage to their athletes and customers. Research has shown these new shoe technologies can significantly improve running economy. However, of the limited research, most is focused on just one brand and model of carbon-plated shoe. If athletes are to compete on a level playing field, further investigation is needed to determine that these new shoe technologies confer a similar competitive advantage across multiple brands and models. …

Achilles Tendon Rupture – Young Adult Female Volleyball Player, Katie M. Botterbusch, Lisa A. Vicencio, Abigail G. Seamans, Andreas Stamatis Dr.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: A 25-year-old professional volleyball player, who was playing in a game in Iceland, was transitioning off the net back-pedaling and pivoting as she felt something pop in her right calf. Initially, the athlete denied having any pain but was unable to plantarflex her foot or weight bear. At the time of injury, she was taking Sertraline (HCL 50 mg), Trazodone (50 mg), Wellbutrin XL (Bupropion HCL) 150 mg, Adderall (5mg) and birth control. PHYSICAL EXAM: The athlete was evaluated at an emergency room, where a Thompson squeeze test was performed and determined positive for an acute Achilles tendon …

Metabolic And Body Composition Changes After Skin Reduction Surgery Following Massive Weight Loss, Patrick S. Harty, Richard Allen Stecker Mr., Grant M. Tinsley, Chad Kerksick

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

CASE HISTORY: The patient is a 30-year-old woman who lost more than 200 pounds over the course of several years through a combination of bariatric surgery, diet, and exercise. Generally, losing more than 100 pounds leaves patients with significant amounts of excess tissue and loose skin that must be corrected via skin reduction plastic surgery to support aesthetic and functional outcomes. This excess tissue also contributes to abnormal body composition results and could potentially influence resting metabolic rate. This case study examined the implications of skin reduction surgery on measures of body composition and resting metabolism. The patient presented …

Discovering The Accuracy Of Popular Mobile Applications In Predicting Resting Energy Expenditure In Humans, Matthias Tinnin, Hannah John, Jessica Prather, Shay Smith, Christine Harrison, Rachel Robinson, Hunter Taylor, Steven Alvarez, Stacie Urbina, Javier A. Zaragoza, Ariane Secrest, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Calorie tracking applications are commonly used by athletes and the general population to monitor their nutritional intake. Users depend on the accuracy of these applications in order to achieve goals relating to performance or body composition. Resting energy expenditure (REE) is the minimum number of calories the body would need to maintain its function for a 24-hour period of non-activity and the largest component of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Although these applications are trusted and used on a daily basis, there is little data to support or disprove their accuracy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to …

Estimating The Lactate Threshold Using Wireless Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Threshold Detection Analyses, Trent E. Cayot, Shara G. Robinson, Lindsay E. Davis, Paul A. Bender, John R. Thistlethwaite, Craig E. Broeder, Jakob D. Lauver

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(4): 284-294, 2021. The present investigation examined the ability of two threshold detection analyses (maximum distance, Dmax; modified maximum distance, mDmax) in identifying the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) threshold, a lactate threshold (LT) estimate, from exercising tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) responses. Additionally, the test-retest reliability of exercising StO₂ and total hemoglobin concentration (THC) responses were examined at moderate and peak cycling intensities. Fourteen healthy, recreationally active participants performed maximal incremental step cycling tests (+25 W / 3 minutes) to volitional fatigue on two separate occasions while StO₂ and THC of the vastus …