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The Risk Of Bias In Validity And Reliability Studies Testing Physiological Variables Using Consumer-Grade Wearable Technology: A Systematic Review And Wear-Bot Analysis, Bryson Carrier, Jennifer Bunn, Joel D. Reece, Charli D. Aguilar, Chris Eschbach, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: Wearable technology is a quickly evolving field, and new devices with new features to measure/estimate physiological variables are being released constantly. Despite their use, the validity of the devices are largely unknown to the users or researchers, and the quality of the studies that do test validity and reliability vary widely. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to review the current validity and reliability literature concerning consumer-grade wearable technology measurements/estimates of physiological variables during exercise. Additionally, we sought to perform risk of bias assessments utilizing the novel WEArable technology Risk of Bias and Objectivity Tool (WEAR-BOT). …

The Effect Of Ibuprofen On Thermoregulatory Responses And Gastrointestinal Distress To Exercise In Hot Environments, Alyssa Bailly, Jonathan Specht, Serena Garcia, Steven Klepacz, Suzana Andrade De Oliveira, David Lucero, Fabiano Amorim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Ibuprofen, a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) among athletes to alleviate pain and inflammation during exercise, is hypothesized to mitigate exercise-induced increases core temperature (Tc) and improve heat tolerance during exercise in hot environments. However, its prophylactic use specially during exercise associated with heat stress may lead to harmful effects specifically inducing gastrointestinal complications such upper-GI bleeding. PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of ibuprofen on thermoregulatory responses and the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms to exercise in a hot environment. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design, 6 endurance trained males and females (n=12) completed 60-minutes of treadmill running …

Heat Strain In Road Construction Workers During The Summer, An Observational Study, Serena Garcia

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Road construction workers perform physically demanding, typically including building frames, laying concrete and asphalt, and operating heavy machinery. These activities result in high metabolic demands, leading to significant internal heat production. When combined with environmental heat stress during warmer periods of the year, road construction workers may experience substantial heat strain, making them susceptible to heat-related illnesses and ultimately heat-related deaths. In fact, construction workers are 13 times more likely to die from heat related illness compared to other occupations. Despite these statistics, no studies have assessed heat strain in road construction workers during the summer. PURPOSE: To quantify …

Effects Of Biodensity Training On Bone Adaptations In Young Women: A Pilot Study, Carolina M. Garcia, Auguste Torres, Braulio Cazarez, Rosalinda Escobar-Prado, Maurice Cruz, Zhaojing Chen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Osteopenia and osteoporosis are a major public health issue in the United States, and current research suggests that moderate to high intensity resistance training is the most effective type of exercise for maintaining bone mineral density (BMD). Sclerostin is a protein secreted by osteocytes which potently inhibits bone formation by binding to the LRP4 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BioDensity is a novel resistance training machine that consists of four exercises performed for five seconds each, which applies mechanical loading to the bone and provides a quicker alternative to traditional resistance training. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of 12 weeks of …

Repeated, Short Cold-Water Immersions Are Sufficient To Habituate To The Cold, But Do Not Lead To Adaptations During Exercise In Normobaric Hypoxia, Geoffrey T. Dorsett, Trevor L. Gillum

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cold and hypoxia naturally exist together, yet it is unknown if habituation to the cold can lead to improved exercise in hypoxia. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of repeated cold-water immersions (CWI) on pulmonary, metabolic, and sympathoadrenal responses to graded exercise in hypoxia. METHODS: 16 (2 female) participants (age: 21.2 ± 1.3 years; body fat: 12.3 ± 7.7 %; body surface area 1.87 ± 0.16 m², VO_2peak: 48.7 ± 7.9 mL/kg/min) underwent 6 CWI in 12.0 ± 1.2° C. Each CWI was 5 minutes, twice daily, separated by ≥4 hours, for 3 consecutive days, …

Femoral Articular Cartilage Quality, But Not Thickness, Is Decreased For Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients Relative To Control, Dallin Clinger, Hyunwook Lee, Seunguk Han, Minsub Oh, Steven P. Allen, Garritt L. Page, Dustin A. Bruening, Robert D. Hyldahl, J. Ty Hopkins Facsm, Matthew K. Seeley Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) patients are at risk of developing posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). The etiology of posttraumatic knee OA is complex, potentially involving biomechanical and biochemical factors. Changes in femoral cartilage thickness and composition are associated with knee OA, while current research is ambiguous on cartilage in ACLR patients. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare femoral cartilage thickness and T2 relaxation time (a compositional measure) between ACLR patients and healthy controls in a resting state. We hypothesized that ACLR patients would exhibit thinner femoral cartilage and increased T2 relaxation times. METHODS: Twenty ACLR patients (6-24 months post-surgery) and …

Richardson, Laura Elizabeth (Ferguson), 1908-1986 (Sc 3701), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scans (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3701. Letter, 1 May 1974, from Elizabeth Ferguson to “Shirley,” enclosing a gift of eight fabric pieces once belonging to quilt historian and author Florence Peto, together with some background information on the fabrics. Richardson also describes her recent activities, and notes her intention to retire from public school teaching.

Meeting Minutes, Wku Staff Council

Staff Council

Minutes of November 2023 meeting.

Ua80 Bylaws Revised, W Club

University Organizations

Agenda and minutes of the November 2023 W Club Board of Directors meeting.

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 99, No. 4), Department Of Library Special Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Alfred Russel Wallace Notes 28. Wallace's 'Change Of Mind', Revisited, Charles H. Smith

Faculty/Staff Personal Papers

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823−1913) is best known for his work on the theory of evolution by natural selection, and studies on biogeography. This fame has not, however, prevented appraisals of his work that sometimes depart from rational interpretations of his actual words. In this study, the frequently-offered notion that his adoption of spiritualism in late 1866 caused him to reverse himself on the universality of natural selection is taken to task, with arguments linked to his own words on the subject.

Johnson, John T., 1820-1875 (Sc 3699), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3699. Case file for T. T. Melburn v. John T. Johnson, U.S. District Court for the District of Kentucky, filed 26 May 1870. Petitioner Melburn, a carpenter and stair builder of Bowling Green, Kentucky, sought an accounting for transactions during his 1869-1870 partnership with Johnson, also a carpenter, of Woodburn, Kentucky, claiming that Johnson had misappropriated assets of the firm and had committed an act of insolvency by transferring land to a relative. The inquiry, conducted by Warner Underwood as Register in Bankruptcy, included depositions from …

The Acute Impacts Of Resistance Training Performed With And Without Blood Flow Restriction On Lower Body Muscular Power, Justin Faller, Brian Thompson, Stephen Ives

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 1320-1333, 2023. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends resistance training using at least 70% one repetition maximum to improve muscular strength and hypertrophy; however, these intensities may not be safe for all populations. A training technique that has been reported to elicit increases in strength and muscle size uses low intensity resistance training or low load training in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR) to the working muscle. Although the acute effects of BFR on muscle strength and size are well established, the effects of BFR on muscular power are not definitively known. …

Quercetin In Sports And Exercise: A Review, Jennifer Kurtz, Trisha Vandusseldorp, Jeff Otis

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 1334-1384, 2023. This paper systematically reviews the latest evidence regarding Quercetin’s (Q) effect following exercise performance, aerobic and anaerobic exercise, muscle-damaging bouts and highlights blood biomarkers associated with muscle damage and recovery. Google Scholar, Web of Science, and MedLine (PubMed) searches were conducted through July- December 2021. Peer-reviewed studies that investigated Q as a single ingredient or in combination with other ingredients at dosages of 500 mg - 3000 mg, ranging from 15 min-to-1 h prior to exercise bout or chronic dose (7 days - 8 weeks) of consumption were included. A total of …

A Comparison Of Morphological, Jump, And Sprint Kinematic Asymmetries In Division I Track And Field Athletes, Matthew P. Gonzalez, Samuel Montalvo, Martin Dietze-Hermosa, Manuel Gomez, Sandor Dorgo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(1): 1306-1319, 2023. Inter-limb asymmetries are the difference in performance in one limb with respect to the other. Running events in track and field are considered symmetrical while jumping and throwing events are considered asymmetrical. It is unknown if competing in these different events result in differences in inter-limb asymmetries, thus, this study compared the magnitude of jump, sprint, and morphological asymmetries in track and field athletes who compete in symmetrical and asymmetrical events. Forty-six Division I track and field athletes performed a series of vertical jumps (VJ) and broad jumps (BJ) with force platforms …

Dale, Kristin M. (Sc 3700), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3700. “The History of the Mystery House at 420 East Avenue,” by Kristin Dale, a paper exploring the ownership, design, occupants, and historical context of this Bowling Green, Kentucky structure, originally built as the “Welch Apartments.”

Meredith, Tracy (Fa 1394), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Folklife Archives Project 1394. “Early History of Mammoth Cave,” a project by WKU student Tracy Meredith, consisting of a paper that focuses on early owners, guides and visitors at the Cave; taped interviews with three individuals about their work at the Cave with the Civilian Conservation Corps; and tape indexes.

Rinehard, Catherine J. (Fa 1396), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Folklife Archives Project 1396. “The Happy Family: Working as a Waitress at Park Mammoth Resort,” a project by WKU student Cathy Reinhard consisting of a paper and transcriptions of six taped interviews with Treva Nell Merideth, a member of the wait staff at the Park Mammoth Resort restaurant in Park City, Kentucky. Merideth talks about her job responsibilities, coworkers, interactions with customers, and some of her personal beliefs and superstitions. The project also discusses this restaurant as a workplace, its procedures, equipment and layout. Includes a glossary, dining leaflet and …

Braden, Linda (Fa 1395), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Folklife Archives Project 1395. “Torch Throwing in Mammoth Cave,” a paper by WKU student Linda Braden that discusses Cave guides, torch making, and the skill of torch throwing to illuminate the Cave during tours.

Calendar Club - Bowling Green, Kentucky (Mss 757), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid for Manuscripts Collection 757. Minutes, 1889-1984, of the Calendar Club, a men’s literary club in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Includes two programs commemorating the Club’s fiftieth and seventy-fifth anniversaries (Click on "Additional Files" below for scans).

Ua25 Salaries, Wku Provost, Wku Strategy, Operations & Finance

WKU Administration Documents

Email to faculty & staff regarding salary increases to be given in 2024.

Pate Family Correspondence (Sc 3697), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid, scans and typescripts of selected letters (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 3697. Correspondence of the Pate family of Cloverport and “Brooks Bottom” in Breckinridge County, Kentucky, and of their relatives in the Ramsey and Brackin families (Ohio County), Butler family (Sumner County, Tennessee) and Benton family (Louisville, Kentucky). George L. Pate writes daughter Mary Jane (Pate) Ramsey of conflict with his son Samuel; of his grief over the death of another son in infancy; of the accidental shooting of a young man by his bride-to-be in 1863; and, in 1864, of an attack on …

Whittle, Charles Edward, Jr., 1931-2012 (Sc 3698), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 3698. Well-illustrated biographical volume on the life, career and family of Charles E. Whittle, Jr., a Brownsville, Kentucky native who served as a physics professor at Western Kentucky University and at Centre College, and as a senior scientist at Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

A Comparison Of Anaerobic Power Tests Using Cycle Ergometry And Non-Motorized Treadmill Ergometry At Optimized Loads, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Rasmus Rooks, John R. Mclester, Emily Bechke, Cassie M. Williamson-Reisdorph, Brian Kliszczewicz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1293-1305, 2023. The purpose of this study was to compare performance markers derived from a 30-second maximal bout on a cycle ergometer (CE) and non-motorized treadmill (NMT) under optimized loads. Recreationally active participants (n = 40) volunteered for the study. Force-velocity tests on the CE and NMT were used to determine optimal resistance for peak power (PP) production. The remaining visits were randomized and counterbalanced, with a single 30-second maximal test on CE or NMT to assess PP, mean power (MP), fatigue index (FI), over the course of the 30-second test, and maximum heart …

A Vo2max Protocol For Young, Apparently Healthy Adults, Griffin Green, Whitley J. Stone, Danilo Tolusso, Mark A. Schafer, Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1257-1268, 2023. The Bruce and Astrand treadmill protocols are commonly utilized when assessing maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max). However, the steep grade implemented in the protocols often leads to localized muscular fatigue, potentially causing participants prematurely to terminate the test prior to reaching their true VO_2max. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Novel VO_2max protocol that may be better suited for young, apparently healthy populations. The Novel protocol starts at a higher speed and lower initial grade to limit lower extremity fatigue. Fifteen participants performed the Bruce, …

An Analysis Of Confidence Levels In Athletic Training Students During The Coronavirus Pandemic, Celeste De La Cruz, Portia B. Resnick, Karen G. Roos, Mikiko Nakajima

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(3): 1284-1292, 2023. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created a challenge to athletic training students, with many classes converted to online education, and many clinical experiences interrupted. These changes may have negatively affected the confidence level of athletic training students in their athletic training skills. Purpose: To determine if athletic training students’ educational experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted their confidence levels in completing athletic training skills. Procedures: A cross-sectional design using an online survey of 56 athletic training students from 33 CAATE accredited athletic training programs was used. The survey consisted of questions about …

Effects Of An Isotonic Medinilla Speciosa During And After Exercise, Nur Azis Rohmansyah, Fafa Nurdyansyah, Ashira Hiruntrakul, Mancharee Phumphitarkpanya

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 1269-1283, 2023. Maintaining an adequate fluid balance is crucial during extended physical activity. It is currently unknown how drinking an isotonic medinilla speciosa beverage affects the autonomic regulation of heart function during and after exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine how drinking isotonic beverages affects heart rate variability (HRV) during and after intense exercise. A maximal exercise test to assess protocol loading, a control group, and an experimental group were all carried out by twenty-one young man (19.3 ± 1.2 years) over the course of three distinct protocols, with a 48-hour …

Meeting Minutes, Wku Staff Council

Staff Council

Minutes of October 2023 meeting.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald: Our Changing Hill, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

Magazine edition of the College Heights Herald for the period September 5 - October 4, 2023.

• Anderson, Alexandria. Letter from the Editor – Change
• Dobberstein, Molly: The Hill Going Forward: Campus Changes & Improvements
• Anderson, Alexandria. WKU Innovation Campus Rethinks Business Development
• Reed, Bailey. New Courses on the Hill – Child Welfare, Mock Trail, Disability in US
• Murray, Debra. I Feel Really Lucky – Katherine Lennard
• Stone, Damon. Photojournalism Program to Change Curriculum

The Effects Of Accessory Blood Flow Restriction Training On Muscle Size And Strength In Division Iii Soccer Athletes: A Preliminary Ecological Study, Kaitlyn Judd, Christian Morales, Megan White, Kate Wilkie, Justin Faller, Stephen Ives

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 1244-1256, 2023. Blood flow restriction training (BFRT) uses occlusion during low-intensity resistance training (< 50% of 1-repetition maximum, 1RM) to reduce arterial blood flow and venous return, imposing greater metabolic stress but similar muscular hypertrophy and strength gains as high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). However, no study, to date, has incorporated BFRT in a collegiate strength and conditioning setting to assess ecological validity. We aimed to investigate the effects of adding 6-weeks of accessory BFRT or HIRT to NCAA Division III soccer players prescribed resistance training regimen on muscle strength and size. Male and female (n = 17) athletes were randomly assigned to complete biceps curls 2x/week under BFRT or control (HIRT), following regularly scheduled strength training. Bicep strength (1RM) and circumference (BC) were assessed at weeks 0, 3, and 6 (men only). In men, for BC no significant interaction of condition x time was observed (p = 0.861), though condition (BFRT vs Control, p = 0.025) and time (p = 0.024) were significant. For 1RM, there was no significant interaction of condition …