Digital Commons Network^™

Regaining Strength And Range Of Motion In A Young Adult Male With Spastic Quadriplegic Cerebral Palsy Through Locomotor Training, Vanessa Mikan Phd, Jay Hannath, Landry Gilpin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition that is attributed to some degree of brain damage that interferes with the ability of muscles to function normally. There is minimal understanding about the effects of physiotherapy on individuals with CP because there has been a lack of research on CP focused therapeutic designs due to the hands-on, single-subject nature of this research. However, improvements in the ability to independently walk short distances using an assistive walker have been documented as a result of locomotor training in children with CP. PURPOSE: To design and trial a harness-assisted treadmill apparatus (HATA) to enhance flexibility, …

The Effect Of Beetroot Juice Supplementation On Muscle Fatigue: A Meta-Analysis, Xavier A. Vara, Edward Hwang, Kyungun Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Dietary supplementation with beetroot juice has been reported its positive effects on diverse 5 aspects of sports performance, but its effect on muscle fatigue remains unclear. PURPOSE: The 6 purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of beetroot juice supplement on muscle 7 fatigue assessed by changes in strength or power outputs. METHODS: The meta-analysis 8 followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. 9 Through the comprehensive search using major databases including Science Direct, PubMed 10 (MEDLINE), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete, 215 relevant 11 studies were identified. Three search …

Understanding Health Needs In Rural Communities To Lead To Optimal Intervention, Minte J. Dye, Claire C. Baetge, Katelyn Murphy, Mikayla Cole, Miquela Smith, Megan Mcclendon, Mark D. Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Increased autonomy can lead to better health behaviors and outcomes in rural communities, through improved motivation, supporting personal choice in health decisions, and maintaining trust in community-focused responses. However, public health initiatives often require rigorous, time-consuming methodologies, thus limiting timely assessment of health-related needs and concern and hindering autonomy support and educational program/resource response—particularly when urgency is required. PURPOSE: To evaluate a novel, brief qualitative assessment of immediate needs in rural communities across Texas. This project was a part of a program and resource development phase of a statewide project, Community Conversations on Health, in partnership with the …

Understanding Health-Resource Needs To Mitigate Barriers Toward Healthy Lifestyles In Rural Communities, Esther P. Kim, Claire C. Baetge, Megan Mcclendon, Katelyn Murphy, Miquela Smith, Mikayla Cole, Mark D. Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Understanding the specific resources that support the ability to live a healthy lifestyle in rural communities can help to improve future interventions and decrease the prevalence of chronic diseases. Though, the research discussing the perceived health-related barriers prevalent in rural communities is limited. PURPOSE: To evaluate perspectives of rural adults on the most influential health-related resources needed to improve healthy behaviors throughout rural communities in Texas, with the intent to further help meet the immediate health needs of the communities. This evaluation was a part of a statewide project, Community Conversations on Health, in partnership with the Texas …

Effectiveness Of Community Health Screenings On Intention To Improve, Kristen Kordie, Claire C. Baetge, Mikayla Cole, Katelyn Murphy, Miquela Smith, Mark D. Faries

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Health fairs and associated screenings are a widely-utilized method to get the community involved in health awareness and health risk, in hopes of motivating the improvement of healthy behaviors and referral to healthcare support to prevent and treat chronic diseases. However, there is little research on their effectiveness and influence on behavioral intention, behavior, and health outcomes of participants. PURPOSE: To provide preliminary investigation of the effectiveness of self-selected health screenings on intention to improve risk in a rural, adult population in Texas. METHODS: Data were collected as a part of a statewide project, Community Conversations on Health …

Broadening The Impact Of Course-Based Research Experiences: Integration Of Clinically-Based Research Into Undergraduate Kinesiology Education, Candice G. French

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Course-Based Research Experiences (CBREs) have demonstrated significant benefits in undergraduate science education across various disciplines. PURPOSE: This study integrates insights from Shaw JM et al.'s investigation into engaging undergraduate kinesiology students in clinically-based research, with earlier findings from Jordan TC et al. and Brownell SE et al., to evaluate the multidisciplinary impact of CBREs on student learning, skills, and perceptions of scientific research. METHODS: Shaw JM et al. extended the CBRE model into kinesiology, focusing on clinically-based research to engage students in hands-on, practical investigations relevant to human health and exercise science. This approach was analyzed alongside the …

Effect Of The Physical Inactivity Duration On Postprandial Lipid Metabolism The Morning After Exercise, Jieting Wang, Chelsea Merseal, Hadi Fareed, Remzi Satiroglu, Edward Coyle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In physically active people (e.g., ~8,000 steps/d), an acute bout of exercise improves postprandial fat metabolism when measured the morning after exercise. However, in people who have been inactive for more than two days, the acute bout of exercise does not improve postprandial fat metabolism as reflected by a greater increase in plasma triglyceride concentration and a reduced whole body fat oxidation. This phenomenon whereby fat metabolism is suppressed by prior inactivity is termed ‘exercise resistance’. PURPOSE: The purpose was to determine if shorter periods (i.e., less than two days) of inactivity (i.e., 12, 24, 36 h) induce ‘exercise …

Stationary Lower-Body Movement System To Mitigate Muscle Atrophy In Spaceflight, Joseph Mallillin, Catherine Faubel, Emma Becker, Jessica Brent, Alyssa Flores, Madison Hennessy, Hope Kennedy, Kenneth Ponitz, Daniela Venegas, Cally Wacaster, Cayla Clark, Benjamin Easter, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Long-duration spaceflight can elicit increases in muscle disuse, thereby leading to a decrease in muscle mass. The consequences of these negative effects include decreases in muscle strength and mobility, and an increase in injury risk. The large muscle groups of the lower body are particularly susceptible to these adaptations. PURPOSE: To design, fabricate, and test a compact, lightweight device that incorporates pneumatic principles and airflow restriction to provide varied resistance during lower-body movements. METHODS: The custom device was originally designed in three-dimensional modeling software (Solidworks Premium, Waltham, MA). Components of the device included: boots, accompanying braces, ball valves, …

Within-Day Reliability Of Submaximal Running Economy Testing, Garrett M. Oehlert, Eric J. Jones, Dustin P. Joubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Running economy (RE), a measure of oxygen consumption associated with a given intensity, has been identified as a critical component of endurance performance. Acute, same-day interventions, such as alterations in footwear, have been shown to significantly impact RE. Quantifying the reliability of within-day RE measures would determine minimal detectable differences that could be expected when testing footwear and other acute interventions. PURPOSE: Assess the within-day reliability of RE testing on a calibrated metabolic measurement system. METHODS: Trained male distance runners (n=10) were recruited to perform 4 × 5-minute trials under constant conditions (set speed and in their own …

The Difference In Fitness Levels Between College Freshmen And Graduating Seniors, Arcelia Villalon, Erika Short

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Freshman Fifteen is a well-known term referring to weight gain that commonly occurs soon after starting college. And with weight gain often comes less activity and therefore a decrease in fitness levels. This combination can be detrimental to overall health. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if there were any significant differences in fitness levels between incoming college freshman and graduating college seniors. METHODS: Participants in this study included a mix of female (n=8) and male (n=18) students from Texas Lutheran University (19.73± 1.66). They were all Kinesiology majors and a mix of athletes …

Salivary C-Reactive Protein And Cortisol Analysis In Collegiate Female Lacrosse Athletes During A 2-Game Week, Kelsi R. Lambright, Stephanie Mathews, Jennifer A. Bunn

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Cortisol (CORT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are two indicators of stress and are linked to tissue inflammation and illness. Increased stress and inflammation have been shown to decrease cognitive functioning, leading to diminished performance for athletes. Subjectively, athletes indicate fluctuations in stress, but few studies have assessed the physiological response of training and competition in elite female athletes. PURPOSE: The primary aim was to assess the acute response of CORT and CRP in Division I female lacrosse athletes during a high-stress week, including two games and three practices during the competitive season. The secondary aim was to assess the …

The Effect Of Vision On Isokinetic Muscular Power, Mika Weaver, Casi Helbig, Patrick Cereceres

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Isokinetic muscular power is the ability to generate force at a constant speed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vision on isokinetic muscular power. METHODS: Participants in this study consisted of twenty-four students from Texas Lutheran University (18 male and 6 female). The mean age was 18.8 with a standard deviation of 1.18. The mean height was 68.67 inches with a standard deviation of 4.26. The mean weight was 177.65 lbs with a standard deviation of 41.06. Subjects met at the Kieffer Kinesiology Laboratory to perform two tests on two different days. …

Comparison Of Heat Shock Protein Expression, Cognitive Performance, And Self-Reported Pain Following One Hour Of Passive Heating Or Walking In Older Adults: A Preliminary Analysis, Cayla E. Clark, Nicole Varone, Joseph Mallillin, Alyssa Flores, George A. King, Brandon R. Rigby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Heat shock proteins (HSP) are major components of the cellular chaperone network responsible for regulating protein amyloid aggregation, and may have a neuroprotective effect against certain diseases. PURPOSE: This study aims to observe the level of HSP expression following one hour of aerobic exercise or whole-body passive heating in older adults. METHODS: Twenty older adults (age: 68.5 + 4.23 years, BMI: 26.9 + 4.3 kg/m², 11 female) participated in a randomized controlled trial, repeated for time. Participants completed either one hour of moderate intensity walking on a treadmill (TM; 65-75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate), one …

Comparison Of Oxygen Consumption In 4-Second Sprint Interval Exercise With Varied Intensity And Rest Period, Remzi Satiroglu, Christos Kyrillou, Jieting Wang, Edward Coyle

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Sprint interval training (SIT) is usually performed at maximal ‘all-out’ intensities, that are 5-8-times higher than the power needed to elicit VO_2peak. However, the %VO_2peak associated with repeated submaximal power sprints (%P_max), particularly when paired with varying rest periods, remains unknown. Investigating the %VO_2peak in repeated submaximal power sprints is pivotal, enabling the personalization of workout routines to specific training goals.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the acute physiological responses induced by three levels of %P_max intensities (50%, 75%, and 100% of P_max) with three varying …

Human Electrical Brain Dynamics During Locomotor Obstacle Avoidance In Virtual Reality, Carter L. Hartman, Yu-Po Cheng, Andrew Nordin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Visually identifying and avoiding obstacles encountered during walking is crucial for navigating real world environments. Motor deficits that affect gait and balance, and changes due to aging, can increase fall risk. There is a needed to better understand the complex relationships between gaze behaviors of the eye and electrical brain dynamics during locomotor obstacle avoidance. Virtual reality provides nearly limitless opportunities to create experimentally controlled, complex, realistic environments to study human behaviors, such as locomotion. PURPOSE: Our aim was to identify human electrocortical dynamics during walking and obstacle avoidance in virtual reality, to better understand visually guided human locomotor …

Relationship Among Cognitive Performance, Physical Activity (Pa), Demographic, And Individual Lifestyle Characteristics Among Aging Hispanic Population, Bryan Mixumi, Ulku Karabulut, Imtiaz M. Dowllah, Murat Karabulut

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To investigate the association among different intensity and duration of physical activity (PA), cognitive domains (executive function, processing speed, and memory), and demographic and lifestyle characteristics of aging Hispanic population. PA has been identified as a promising non-pharmaceutical preventative intervention for Alzheimer disease and other dementias. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the effects of different intensities of PA on cognitive performances of aging Hispanic population. METHODS: For this study, 441 Hispanic (age ≥60) participants’ data from NHANES (2011-2014) were analyzed. The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board approved the protocol, and all data collection performed by …

Once-Weekly Single-Set Resistance Training Improves Body Composition And Muscular Strength In Older Adults, Tyler M. Weiss, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The loss of muscle mass associated with aging, known as sarcopenia, is a public health issue among the older population. Physical activity, in particular resistance training, has been shown to be an effective treatment in countering age-related muscle loss. Time is a primary barrier for adhering to an exercise program, and a time-efficient training modality may be useful for older individuals who perceive time as a barrier to exercise. The Exercise is Medicine Initiative encourages physicians and other health care providers to include physical activity when designing treatment plans. PURPOSE: The purpose of the investigation was to determine whether once-weekly …

Relationship Between Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, And Blood Lipids Among Law Enforcement Officers: Part 1, Jacob Broeckel, Megan Leonard, Anisha Patel, Broderick L. Dickerson, Ryan J. Sowinski, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez, Steven E. Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Law enforcement officers (LEOs) have a high-stress occupation which is prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact, data suggest that LEOs have a 1.7-fold higher CVD prevalence versus the general public, in addition to 40.5% of LEOs being classified as obese. However, research is lacking regarding the relationship between body composition, body fat distribution, and blood lipid panels as it pertains to CVD risk in LEOs. PURPOSE: To determine if body composition and fat distribution measures correlate with predictive lipid markers in LEOs. METHODS: Forty-three LEOs (age = 41.7±9.6 yrs; weight = 91.9±15.4 kg; height = 179.8±8.7 cm; …

Exploring The Impact Of Mindful Meditation On Body Image In Recreationally Active Females: A Comparative Analysis Of The Luteal And Early Follicular Phases Of The Menstrual Cycle, Victoria Bowden

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The concept of body image has received attention in previous studies; however, there remains a research gap in investigating the dynamics of body image alterations during different phases of the menstrual cycle. PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the impact of a mindful meditation intervention on body image among recreationally active females during the late luteal and early follicular phases of their menstrual cycle. METHODS: The research participants were 19 recreationally active females. This investigation utilized a within groups cross-over design consisting of three weeks each for the control and intervention protocols based on phase of the menstrual cycle. …

Once-Weekly Single-Set Resistance Training Improves Perceived Physical Function And Energy/Fatigue In Older Adults, Julia Martin, Tyler Weiss, Robyn Whitehead, Malcom Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lack of energy, fear of discomfort/pain, time, motivation, and psychological considerations are among the barriers that inhibit the participation of older individuals in regular physical activity. Participation in physical activity has been demonstrated to help with the maintenance of physical, cognitive, and emotional health. The Exercise is Medicine Initiative is managed by the American College of Sports Medicine the purpose of which is to make physical activity assessment and promotion a standard in clinical care. This initiative encourages physicians and other health care providers to include physical activity when designing treatment plans. PURPOSE: The purpose of the project was to …

The Effect Of Lower Extremity Bilateral Asymmetries On Performance In Division I Soccer Players, Shelby Gerner, Raquel J. Cavazos, Chaehyun Byun, Ernesto Balderrama, Austin Riffe, Marshall Tousant, Cheyenne Martinez, Francesca Aquilino, Vipa Bernhardt, Michael D. Oldham, Sarah Mitchell

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND: Most soccer players have a preferred leg with which they kick the ball. Depending on the volume of exposure to repeated unilateral movements in training, practice, and games, this could lead to lower extremity bilateral asymmetry (Maloney, 2019). Asymmetries could jeopardize performance (Bell, 2014; Yanci, 2016). PURPOSE: This study examines the relationship between lower muscle mass asymmetries, in collegiate soccer players, and unilateral and bilateral jump performance. METHODS: Participants were 23 NCAA Division 1 female soccer players (19.2 ± 1.1 years, 166.2 ± 6.7 cm, 65.4 ± 8.0 kg). Participants underwent whole body dual exergy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Hologic …

Exploring The Language Barrier In Healthcare For Individuals Of Latino Heritage, Heriberto Torres, Michael W. Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States; despite this, they are the least likely ethnic and racial group to visit a healthcare provider. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to explore the barriers of individuals of Latino descent seeking healthcare services. The motivation for this research is to bring awareness to the most prevalent barriers and identify possible solutions to the healthcare community to increase the presence of the Latino community in healthcare services.. METHODS: The experimental design is a survey comprising two major types of questions. The first type of questions are aimed …

Measures Of Center Of Pressure And Lower Leg Muscle Electromyography During Landing Before And After Plantar Flexor Stretch, Connor Hill, Brittany Coltrain, Michael Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Static stretching of the plantar flexor muscles is reported to modify neuromuscular responses to external stimuli. However, it is not known how these muscles respond to external loading in an applied task, such as single-leg drops. Further, if mechanical laxity in the plantar flexor muscles is present after stretching of it is unclear how this laxity will influence the muscle activation and movement patterns of the lower extremities. PURPOSE: This study is intended to further explore the response of the lower extremities to plantar flexor muscle stretch in an effort to understand its impact on potential injury. METHODS: …

Modified Torque Output And Lower Leg Muscle Electromyography After Passive Stretching, Brittany Coltrain, Connor Hill, Michael W. Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Increased stretch of the plantar flexor muscles is reported to increase tissue laxity of the tendons and reduces force output, but in other studies the tendon biomechanical properties are not affected and force output is not changed after stretch. PURPOSE: To examine the force output and muscle electromyography activity of lower leg muscles to a prolonged passive stretch. METHODS: Five participants (20.6 ± 1.1 yrs: 1.78 ± 0.1 m:, 80.6 ± 9.9 kg) performed maximal plantar and dorsi flexion isometrically while secured to an isokinetic dynamometer. They were seated upright with ~90 deg hip flexion. The knee was …

Biomechanical Assessment Of Footwear And Foot Landing Types In Collegiate Female Runners At Preferred Running Speed, Shivaniba Gohil, Michael W. Olson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Barefoot and shod running with conditions at heel landing and forefoot landing has implications on running biomechanics. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of two footwear and two foot landing type conditions on lower limb and lumbar acceleration and kinematics. METHODS: Six collegiate female runners (20.6 ± 1.5 yrs, 58.6 ± 4.7 kg, 1.63 ± 0.05 m) performed running trials on a motorized treadmill. Their averaging running volume was 49.6 ± 31.5 km/wk (range: 16.1 – 80.5 km/wk). Inertial measuring units (IMUs) (370 Hz), containing triaxial accelerometers (1g = 9.81 m/s/s) and gyroscopes (deg/s), were secured on the foot/shoe …

Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Barriers Among Rotc Cadets, Sarah E. Johnson, Adriana Gil, Broderick Dickerson, James L. Lilly, Ryan J. Sowinski, Steven E. Martin, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets' highly demanding lifestyle may negatively impact health and performance. Reports also suggest they are at risk for poor nutrition, i.e., low energy availability or not meeting Military Dietary Reference Intakes. Still, there are limited data on the barriers to proper nutrition and eating habits among ROTC cadets. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the dietary habits of ROTC cadets and the factors or barriers influencing them. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 173 ROTC cadets about nutritional habits, factors, and barriers via validated paper-based questionnaires including; the Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating, …

Changes In Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Over 2 Years Among Law Enforcement Officers, Lauryn Hawkins, David Torres Jr., Broderick Dickerson, Ryan J. Sowinski, Drew E. Gonzalez, Steven E. Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Law enforcement officers (LEOs) have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk due to the nature of their occupations. Data suggests CVD is 1.7 times more prevalent when compared to the general public. Considering the numerous stressors that LEOs face, which exacerbate their CVD risk, it is important to consider annual monitoring of the risk factors (i.e., obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, etc.). PURPOSE: To examine cardiovascular health parameters in male and female LEOs over two years. METHODS: Twenty-one LEOs (entry demographics: age = 43.5±10.0 yrs; weight = 92.9±15.4 kg; height = 176.8±9.1 cm), from a local police department, were studied from annual clinical …

Relationship Between Body Composition, Body Fat Distribution, And Blood Lipids Among Law Enforcement Officers: Part 2, Megan Leonard, Adriana Gil, Broderick Dickerson, Ryan Sowinski, Matthew J. Mcallister, Drew E. Gonzalez, Steven E. Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Law enforcement officers (LEOs) have a high-stress occupation, which is prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Data suggest a 1.7-fold higher CVD prevalence versus the general public, in addition to 40.5% of LEOs being classified as obese. Emerging evidence suggests that lipid-related atherosclerotic risk may be better captured by including advanced blood lipid panels (i.e., cholesterol particle type and size). However, there needs to be more research regarding the relationship between body composition, body fat distribution, and advanced blood lipid panels concerning CVD risk in LEOs. PURPOSE: To determine if body composition and fat distribution measures correlate with predictive advanced …

Effect Of Running Surface On 40-Yard Dash Times In High School Football Players, Francis B. Sanchez, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To allow further examination in how different running surfaces affect sprinting times of 40-yard dashes for high school football players. This can add to the literature due to there being a limited amount of research available for this age group compared to their collegiate and professional counterparts. METHODS: Fifteen participants (ages 17-18 years, 68.9±3.0 inches, 176.4±56.1 lbs) were randomly ordered for grass, turf, and track trials. 40 yards were measured using the Measure app (iPhone) on each surface. The Jawku timing system was stationed at the finish, participants were positioned in a staggered 2-pt stance, and started …

Self-Reported Dietary Habits And Barriers Among First Responders, Adriana Gil, Ryan J. Sowinski, Kristen Mackenzie-Shalders, Steven E. Martin, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Drew E. Gonzalez

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Firefighters (FFs) and law enforcement officers (LEOs) have a high, lifestyle-related, risk for health conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nutritional intervention has been identified as a critical area to improve these risk factors. However, there are limited data regarding the dietary habits and barriers of FFs and LEOs. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the dietary habits of first responders and the factors or barriers influencing them. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 21 first responders regarding nutritional habits, factors, and barriers via validated paper-based questionnaires which include; the Perceived Barriers to Healthy Eating, Food Choice Questionnaire, …