Digital Commons Network^™

Estimation Of Forest Structural Diversity Using The Spectral And Textural Information Derived From Spot-5 Satellite Images, Jinghui Meng, Shiming Li, Wei Wang, Qingwang Liu, Shiqin Xie, Wu Ma

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Uneven-aged forest management has received increasing attention in the past few years. Compared with even-aged plantations, the complex structure of uneven-aged forests complicates the formulation of management strategies. Forest structural diversity is expected to provide considerable significant information for uneven-aged forest management planning. In the present study, we investigated the potential of using SPOT-5 satellite images for extracting forest structural diversity. Forest stand variables were calculated from the field plots, whereas spectral and textural measures were derived from the corresponding satellite images. We firstly employed Pearson’s correlation analysis to examine the relationship between the forest stand variables and the image-derived …

Genomic Insights Into The Ixodes Scapularis Tick Vector Of Lyme Disease, Monika Gulia-Nuss, Andrew B. Nuss, Jason M. Meyer, Daniel E. Sonenshine, R. Michael Roe, Robert M. Waterhouse, David B. Sattelle, Jose De La Fuente, Jose M. Ribeiro, Karine Megy, Jyothi Thimmapuram, Jason R. Miller, Brian P. Walenz, Sergey Koren, Jessica B. Hostetler, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Vinita S. Joardar, Linda I. Hannick, Shelby Bidwell, Martin P. Hammond, Sarah Young, Qiandong Zeng, Jenica L. Abrudan, Francisca C. Almeida, Nieves Ayllon, Ketaki Bhide, Brooke W. Bissinger, Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko, Steven D. Buckingham, Daniel R. Caffrey, Melissa J. Caimano, Vincent Croset, Timothy Driscoll, Don Gilbert, Joseph J. Gillespie, Gloria I. Giraldo-Calderon, Jeffrey M. Grabowski, David Jiang, Sayed M. S. Khalil, Donghun Kim, Katherine M. Kocan, Juraj Koci, Richard J. Kuhn, Timothy J. Kurtti, Kristin Lees, Emma G. Lang, Ryan C. Kennedy, Hyeogsun Kwon, Rushika Perera, Yumin Qi, Justin D. Radolf, Joyce M. Sakamoto, Alejandro Sanchez-Gracia, Maiara S. Severo, Neal Silverman, Ladislav Simo, Marta Tojo, Cristian Tornador, Janice P. Van Zee, Jesus Vazquez, Filipe G. Vieira, Margarita Villar, Adam R. Wespiser, Yunlong Yang, Jiwei Zhu, Peter Arensburger, Patricia V. Pietrantonio, Stephen C. Barker, Renfu Shao, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Frank Hauser, Cornelis J. P. Grimmelikhuijzen, Yoonseong Park, Julio Rozas, Richard Benton, Joao H. F. Pedra, David R. Nelson, Maria F. Unger, Jose M. C. Tubio, Zhijian Tu, Hugh M. Robertson, Martin Shumway, Granger Sutton, Jennifer R. Wortman, Daniel Lawson, Stephen K. Wikel, Vishvanath M. Nene, Claire M. Fraser, Frank H. Collins, Bruce Birren, Karen E. Nelson, Elisabet Caler, Catherine A. Hill

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Ticks transmit more pathogens to humans and animals than any other arthropod. We describe the 2.1 Gbp nuclear genome of the tick, Ixodes scapularis (Say), which vectors pathogens that cause Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis and other diseases. The large genome reflects accumulation of repetitive DNA, new lineages of retrotransposons, and gene architecture patterns resembling ancient metazoans rather than pancrustaceans. Annotation of scaffolds representing B57% of the genome, reveals 20,486 protein-coding genes and expansions of gene families associated with tick–host interactions. We report insights from genome analyses into parasitic processes unique to ticks, including host ‘questing’, prolonged feeding, cuticle …

Population Genomic Analysis Reveals Differential Evolutionary Histories And Patterns Of Diversity Across Subgenomes And Subpopulations Of Brassica Napus L., Elodie Gazave, Erica E. Tassone, Daniel C. Ilut, Megan Wingerson, Erwin Datema, Hanneke M. A. Witsenboer, James B. Davis, David Grant, John M. Dyer, Matthew A. Jenks, Jack Brown, Michael A. Gore

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The allotetraploid species Brassica napus L. is a global crop of major economic importance, providing canola oil (seed) and vegetables for human consumption and fodder and meal for livestock feed. Characterizing the genetic diversity present in the extant germplasm pool of B. napus is fundamental to better conserve, manage and utilize the genetic resources of this species. We used sequence-based genotyping to identify and genotype 30,881 SNPs in a diversity panel of 782 B. napus accessions, representing samples of winter and spring growth habits originating from 33 countries across Europe, Asia, and America. We detected strong population structure broadly concordant …

Space Takes Time: Concentration Dependent Output Codes From Primary Olfactory Networks Rapidly Provide Additional Information At Defined Discrimination Thresholds, Kevin C. Daly, Samual Bradley, Phillip D. Chapman, Erich M. Staudacher, Regina Tiede, Joachim Schachtner

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

As odor concentration increases, primary olfactory network representations expand in spatial distribution, temporal complexity and duration. However, the direct relationship between concentration dependent odor representations and the psychophysical thresholds of detection and discrimination is poorly understood. This relationship is absolutely critical as thresholds signify transition points whereby representations become meaningful to the organism. Here, we matched stimulus protocols for psychophysical assays and intracellular recordings of antennal lobe (AL) projection neurons (PNs) in the moth Manduca sexta to directly compare psychophysical thresholds and the output representations they elicit. We first behaviorally identified odor detection and discrimination thresholds across an odor dilution …

Shp2 Acts Both Upstream And Downstream Of Multiple Receptor Tyrosine Kinases To Promote Basal-Like And Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Fatimah Matalkah, Elisha Martin, Hua Zhao, Yehenew M. Agazie

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Introduction: Dysregulated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is a common occurrence in basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer (BTBC). As a result, RTK-targeting therapies have been initiated but proved difficult, mainly owing to the multiplicity of dysregulated RTKs. Hence, targeting master regulators of RTK signaling might alleviate this obstacle. Before that, however, defining the mechanism of such molecules is required. In this report, we show that the Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a master regulator of RTK expression and signaling in BTBC.

Methods: Xenograft tumor growth studies were used to determine the effect of SHP2 inhibition on tumorigenesis and/or …

Establishing Waist-To-Height Ratio Standards From Criterion-Referenced Bmi Using Roc Curves In Low-Income Children, Ryan D. Burns, Timothy A. Brusseau, Yi Fang, You Fu, James C. Hannon

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The purpose of this study was to establish health-related waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) cut-points associating with FITNESSGRAM’s body mass index (BMI) criterion-referenced standards in low-income children. A secondary aim was to examine the classification agreement between the derived WHtR cut-points and various cardiometabolic blood markers using current recommendations. Participants were 219 children from low-income schools (mean age = 10.5 ± 0.6 years). Waist circumference, height, weight, and cardiometabolic blood markers were collected in a fasting state before school hours. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine WHtR cut-points that associated with a child meeting FITNESSGRAM’s age- and sex-specific criterionreferenced …

Transcriptome Analysis Of Bovine Ovarian Follicles At Predeviation And Onset Of Deviation Stages Of A Follicular Wave, Pengfei Li, Jinzhu Meng, Wenzhong Liu, George W. Smith, Jianbo Yao, Lihua Lyu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

For two libraries (PDF1 and ODF1) using Illumina sequencing 44,082,301 and 43,708,132 clean reads were obtained, respectively. After being mapped to the bovine RefSeq database, 15,533 genes were identified to be expressed in both types of follicles (cut-off RPKM > 0.5), of which 719 were highly expressed in bovine follicles (cut-off RPKM > 100). Furthermore, 83 genes were identified as being differentially expressed in ODF1 versus PDF1, where 42 genes were upregulated and 41 genes were downregulated. KEGG pathway analysis revealed two upregulated genes in ODF1 versus PDF1, CYP11A1, and CYP19A1, which are important genes in the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway. This …

Sociodemographic Correlates Of Tobacco Consumption In Rural Gujarat, India, Payal Kahar, Ranjita Misra, Thakor G. Patel

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background. The purpose of this study was to examine occupation-, education-, and gender-specific patterns of tobacco use and knowledge of its health effects among 23,953 rural Asian Indians ≥18 years in Gujarat. Methodology. A statewide, community-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in 26 districts of Gujarat (December 2010–May 2015), using face-to-face interviews by trained community health workers called SEVAKS. Results. Mean age was 39.8 ± 15.2 years. Eighteen percent of respondents used tobacco in various forms. Tobacco consumption was significantly higher among males (32%), 18–34 years’ age group (35%), those who were self-employed (72%), and those with elementary education (40%). The …

Functional Olfactory Sensory Neurons Housed In Olfactory Sensilla On The Ovipositor Of The Hawkmoth Manduca Sexta, Christian F. Klinner, Christopher Konig, Christine Missbach, Achim Werckenthin, Kevin C. Daly, Sonja Bisch-Knaden, Monika Stengl, Bill S. Hansson, Ewald Grosse-Wilde

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Olfactory systems evolved to detect and identify volatile chemical cues, in many cases across great distances. However, the precision of copulatory and oviposition behaviors suggest that they may be guided by olfactory cues detected by sensory systems located on or near the ovipositor. Here we present evidence of a small number of functional olfactory sensilla on the ovipositor of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Gene expression analysis of isolated ovipositor tissue indicated active transcription of gustatory and both classes of olfactory receptor genes. Expression of the olfactory co-receptor ORCo and the antennal ionotropic co-receptors IR8a and IR25a suggests that functional olfactory …

Feasibility For Measuring Transverse Area Ratios And Asymmetry Of Lumbosacral Region Paraspinal Muscles In Working Dogs Using Computed Tomography, Bethany Cain, Jeryl C. Jones, Ida Holaskova, Larry Freeman, Bess Pierce

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objectives: Describe computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of canine lumbosacral (LS) paraspinal muscles, a method for measuring paraspinal muscle transverse area ratios and asymmetry using CT, and application of this method in a small sample of working dogs with versus without LS pain.

Methods: Published anatomy references and atlases were reviewed and discrepancies were resolved by examination of anatomic specimens and multiplanar reformatted images to describe transverse CT anatomy of LS region paraspinal muscles. Sixteen Belgian malinois military working dogs were retrospectively recruited and assigned to LS pain positive versus negative groups based on medical record entries. A single observer unaware …

Association Between Metformin Use And Cancer Stage At Diagnosis Among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries With Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus And Incident Prostate Cancer, Amit D. Raval, Malcolm D. Mattes, Suresh Madhavan, Xiaoyun Pan, Wenhui Wei, Usha Sambamoorthi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective. To examine the association between metformin use and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly men with preexisting diabetes mellitus and incident prostate cancer. Methods. This study used a population-based observational cohort of elderly men (≥66 years) with preexisting diabetes and incident prostate cancer between 2008 and 2009 (�� = 2, 652). Cancer stage at diagnosis (localized versus advanced) was based on the American Joint Cancer Committee classification. Metformin use and other independent variables were measured during the one year before cancer diagnosis. Logistic regressions with inverse probability treatment weights were used to control for the observed selection bias. Results. …

Changing States Of Multistage Process Chains, Thorsten Wuest, Christopher Irgens, Klaus-Dieter Thoben

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Generally, a process describes a change of state of some kind (state transformation). This state change occurs from an initial state to a concluding state. Here, the authors take a step back and take a holistic look at generic processes and process sequences from a state perspective. The novel perspective this concept introduces is that the processes and their parameters are not the priority; they are rather included in the analysis by implication. A supervised machine learning based feature ranking method is used to identify and rank relevant state characteristics and thereby the processes’ inter- and intrarelationships. This is elaborated …

Nitrogen Removal In A Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Estimated Using The First-Order Kinetic Model, Lijuan Cui, Wei Li, Yaqiong Zhang, Jiaming Wei, Yinru Lei, Manyin Zhang, Xu Pan, Xinsheng Zhao, Kai Li, Wu Ma

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

We monitored the water quality and hydrological conditions of a horizontal subsurface constructed wetland (HSSF-CW) in Beijing, China, for two years. We simulated the area-based constant and the temperature coefficient with the first-order kinetic model. We examined the relationships between the nitrogen (N) removal rate, N load, seasonal variations in the N removal rate, and environmental factors—such as the area-based constant, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The effluent ammonia (NH4 + -N) and nitrate (NO3 −-N) concentrations were significantly lower than the influent concentrations (p < 0.01, n = 38). The NO3 −-N load was significantly correlated with the removal rate (R 2 = 0.96, p < 0.01), but the NH4 + -N load was not correlated with the removal rate (R 2 = 0.02, p > 0.01). The area-based constants of NO3 −-N and NH4 + -N at 20 ◦C were …

Microbial Potential For Ecosystem N Loss Is Increased By Experimental N Deposition, Zachary B. Freedman, Rima A. Upchurch, Donald R. Zak

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer use has increased the amount of biologically available N entering terrestrial ecosystems. Nonetheless, our understanding of how anthropogenic N may alter the physiological mechanisms by which soil microorganisms cycle N in soil is still developing. Here, we applied shotgun metagenomics to a replicated long-term field experiment to determine how two decades of experimental N deposition, at a rate expected by mid-century, has affected the genetic potential of the soil microbial community to cycle N in soils. Experimental N deposition lead to a significant and persistent increase in functional assemblages mediating N cycle transformations associated with …

Altering Bioelectricity On Inhibition Of Human Breast Cancer Cells, Seher Berzingi, Mackenzie Newman, Han-Gang Yu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Membrane depolarization is associated with breast cancer. Depolarization-activated voltage-gated ion channels are directly implicated in the initiation, proliferation, and metastasis of breast cancer.

Methods: In this study, the role of voltage-gated potassium and calcium ion channel modulation was explored in two different invasive ductal human carcinoma cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and MCF7 (estrogen-receptor-positive).

Results: Resting membrane potential is more depolarized in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to normal human mammary epithelial cells. Increasing extracellular potassium concentration up to 50 mM depolarized mem‑ brane potential and greatly increased cell growth. Tetraethylammonium (TEA), a non-specific blocker of voltagegated potassium channels, stimulated …

Retroauricular Pleomorphic Adenoma Arising From Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue, Luke Grome Bs, Patrick Bacaj Md, Gregory Borah Md, Dmd

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

A 38-year-old woman is described who presented with a slowly growing mass on the posterior aspect of the left ear. Excision and histopathologic evaluation revealed a pleomorphic adenoma (PA) originating from heterotopic salivary gland tissue. Many authors have presented cases of PAs originating from ceruminous glands in the external auditory canal or of so-called chondroid syringoma originating from apocrine and eccrine sweat glands. This is the only case in the recent literature of a PA originating from a heterotopic rest of salivary gland tissue in the retroauricular region. The 3 main sources of PAs, their embryologic derivation, and treatment are …

Hi4pi: A Full-Sky H I Survey Based On Ebhis And Gass, N. Ben Bekhti, L. Flöer, R. Keller, D. J. Pisano

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Benchmarking Academic Anatomic Pathologists: The Association Of Pathology Chairs Survey, Barbara S. Ducatman Md, Tristram Parslow Md, Phd

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The most common benchmarks for faculty productivity are derived from Medical Group Management Association (MGMA) or Vizient-AAMC Faculty Practice Solutions Center1 (FPSC) databases. The Association of Pathology Chairs has also collected similar survey data for several years. We examined the Association of Pathology Chairs annual faculty productivity data and compared it with MGMA and FPSC data to understand the value, inherent flaws, and limitations of benchmarking data. We hypothesized that the variability in calculated faculty productivity is due to the type of practice model and clinical effort allocation. Data from the Association of Pathology Chairs survey on 629 surgical pathologists …

Machine Learning In Manufacturing: Advantages, Challenges, And Applications, Thorsten Wuest, Daniel Weimer, Christopher Irgens, Klaus-Dieter Thoben

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The nature of manufacturing systems faces ever more complex, dynamic and at times even chaotic behaviors. In order to being able to satisfy the demand for high-quality products in an efficient manner, it is essential to utilize all means available. One area, which saw fast pace developments in terms of not only promising results but also usability, is machine learning. Promising an answer to many of the old and new challenges of manufacturing, machine learning is widely discussed by researchers and practitioners alike. However, the field is very broad and even confusing which presents a challenge and a barrier hindering …

Hypertrophy-Promoting Effects Of Leucine Supplementation And Moderate Intensity Aerobic Exercise In Pre-Senescent Mice, Zhi Xia, Jason Cholewa, Yan Zhao, Yue-Qin Yang, Hua-Yu Shang, Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira, Marshall Alan Naimo, Quan-Sheng Su, Nelo Eidy Zanchi

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Several studies have indicated a positive influence of leucine supplementation and aerobic training on the aging skeletal muscle signaling pathways that control muscle protein balance and muscle remodeling. However, the effect of a combined intervention requires further clarification. Thirteen month old CD-1® mice were subjected to moderate aerobic exercise (45 min swimming per day with 3% body weight workload) and fed a chow diet with 5% leucine or 3.4% alanine for 8 weeks. Serum and plasma were prepared for glucose, urea nitrogen, insulin and amino acid profile analysis. The white gastrocnemius muscles were used for determination of muscle size and …

West Virginia State Employees’ Preferences For Worksite Wellness Programming, Peter Kadushin, Sam Zizzi, Nidia Henderson

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objectives: To investigate the wellness programming preferences of state employees in West Virginia.

Study Design: A survey-based, descriptive analysis of employees’ preferences

Methods: State employees (n = 18,791) of West Virginia were given a38-item wellness survey. Items assessed employees’ interest in programming, methods for receiving wellness information, and incentives for participation.Descriptive statistics were run to provide a summary of state employees’ preferences.

Results: The survey response rate was 40%. Respondents showed interest in physical activity (81.0%), nutrition (77.6%) and stress management programming (61.1%). A personalized webpage was the highest rated method of receiving wellness information and a discount on insurance …

The Musashi 1 Controls The Splicing Of Photoreceptor-Specific Exons In The Vertebrate Retina, Daniel Murphy, Benjamin Cieply, Russ Carstens, Visvanathan Ramamurthy, Peter Stoilov

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing expands the coding capacity of eukaryotic genomes, potentially enabling a limited number of genes to govern the development of complex anatomical structures. Alternative splicing is particularly prevalent in the vertebrate nervous system, where it is required for neuronal development and function. Here, we show that photoreceptor cells, a type of sensory neuron, express a characteristic splicing program that affects a broad set of transcripts and is initiated prior to the development of the light sensing outer segments. Surprisingly, photoreceptors lack prototypical neuronal splicing factors and their splicing profile is driven to a significant degree by the Musashi …

Clme: An R Package For Linear Mixed Effects Models Under Inequality Constraints, Casey M. Jelsema, Shyamal D. Peddada

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In many applications researchers are typically interested in testing for inequality constraints in the context of linear fixed effects and mixed effects models. Although there exists a large body of literature for performing statistical inference under inequality constraints, user friendly statistical software implementing such methods is lacking, especially in the context of linear fixed and mixed effects models. In this article we introduce CLME, a package in the R language that can be used for testing a broad collection of inequality constraints. It uses residual bootstrap based methodology which is reasonably robust to non-normality as well as heteroscedasticity. The package …

Adolescent Light Cigarette Smoking Patterns And Adult Cigarette Smoking, R Constance Wiener

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Purpose. Light cigarette smoking has had limited research. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between light smoking in adolescence with smoking in adulthood. Methods. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data, Waves I and IV, were analyzed. Previous month adolescent smoking of 1–5 cigarettes/day (cpd) (light smoking); 6–16 cpd (average smoking); 17 or more cpd (heavy smoking); and nonsmoking were compared with the outcome of adult smoking. Results. At baseline, 15.9% of adolescents were light smokers, 6.8% were average smokers, and 3.6% were heavy smokers. The smoking patterns were significantly related to adult smoking. In logistic …

Flight-Test Evaluation Of Kinematic Precise Point Positioning Of Small Uavs, Jason Gross, Ryan M. Watson, Stephane D'Urso, Yu Gu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

An experimental analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) flight data collected onboard a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (SUAV) is conducted in order to demonstrate that postprocessed kinematic Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions with precisions approximately 6 cm 3D Residual Sum of Squares (RSOS) can be obtained on SUAVs that have short duration flights with limited observational periods (i.e., only ∼≤5 minutes of data). This is a significant result for the UAV flight testing community because an important and relevant benefit of the PPP technique over traditional Differential GPS (DGPS) techniques, such as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), is that there is no …

Fixed-Wing Uav Attitude Estimation Using Single Antenna Gps Signal Strength Measurements, Jason Gross, Yu Gu, Matthew Rhudy

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This article considers a novel approach to using global positioning system (GPS) signal strength readings and estimated velocity vector for estimating the attitude of a small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This approach has the benefit being able to estimate full position, velocity and attitude states of a UAV using only the data from a single GPS receiver and antenna. Two different approaches for utilizing GPS signal strength within measurement updates for UAV attitude in a nonlinear Kalman filter are discussed and assessed using recorded UAV flight data. Comparisons of UAV pitch and roll estimates against measurements from a high-grade …

Spin Texture Induced By Oxygen Vacancies In Strontium Perovskite (001) Surfaces: A Theoretical Comparison Between Srtio 3 And Srhfo 3, A. C. Garcia-Castro, M. G. Vergniory, E. Bousquet, A. H. Romero

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The electronic structure of SrTiO3 and SrHfO3 (001) surfaces with oxygen vacancies is studied by means of

Is Nutrient Intake Associated With Physical Activity Levels In Healthy Young Adults?, Yi Yan, Clemens Drenowatz, Gregory A Hand, Robin P Shook, Thomas G Hurley, James R Hebert, Steven N Blair

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Both physical activity (PA) and diet are important contributors to health and well-being; however, there is limited information on the association of these behaviours and whether observed associations differ by weight. The present study aimed to evaluate whether nutrient intake is associated with PA and if this association varies by weight in young adults. Cross-sectional study to analyse the association between PA and nutrient intake. Participants were stratified as normal weight (18·5 kg/m2 2) and overweight/obese (BMI≥25·0 kg/m2). PA level (PAL) was calculated (PAL=total daily energy expenditure/RMR) and used to stratify groups (PAL Adults (n 407; age 27·6 (sd 3·8) …

Prediction And Control Of Spin Polarization In A Weyl Semimetallic Phase Of Bisb, Sobhit Singh, A. C. Garcia-Castro, Irais Valencia-Jaime, Francisco Muñoz, Aldo H. Romero

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

By means of first-principle calculations, we report a stoichiometric crystal structure of BiSb with broken space-inversion symmetry. This structure is insulating in bulk and has nontrivial band topology. We observe a pressure driven Weyl semimetallic electronic phase transition in this BiSb system without a crystal phase change. The obtained Weyl semimetallic phase exists in the 4.0-6.0 GPa pressure range. We find that a total of 12 pairs of Weyl points, 12 monopoles and 12 antimonopoles, exist in the Brillouin zone. Additionally, the spin texture of the bulk BiSb compound appears to be electrically controllable when the interlink between pressure and …

Lenition, Perception, And Neutralisation, Jonah Katz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

This paper argues that processes traditionally classified as lenition fall into at least two subsets with distinct phonetic reflexes, formal properties, and characteristic contexts. One type, referred to as loss lenition, frequently neutralises contrasts in positions where they are perceptually indistinct. The second type, referred to as continuity lenition, can target segments in perceptually robust positions, increases the intensity and/or decreases the duration of those segments, and very rarely results in positional neutralisation of contrasts. While loss lenition behaves much like other phonological processes, analysing continuity lenition is difficult or impossible in standard phonological approaches. We develop a phonetically based …