Prepontine Non-Giant Neurons Drive Flexible Escape Behavior In Zebrafish, Gregory D. Marquart, Kathryn M. Tabor, Sadie A. Bergeron, Kevin L. Briggman, Harold A. Burgess

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Many species execute ballistic escape reactions to avoid imminent danger. Despite fast reaction times, responses are often highly regulated, reflecting a trade-off between costly motor actions and perceived threat level. However, how sensory cues are integrated within premotor escape circuits remains poorly understood. Here, we show that in zebrafish, less precipitous threats elicit a delayed escape, characterized by flexible trajectories, which are driven by a cluster of 38 prepontine neurons that are completely separate from the fast escape pathway. Whereas neurons that initiate rapid escapes receive direct auditory input and drive motor neurons, input and output pathways for delayed escapes …

Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, And Lipidomics Profiling In Rat Lung, Blood, And Serum For Assessment Of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks, Nancy Lan Guo, Tuang Yeow Poh, Sandra Pirela, Mariana T. Farcas, Sanjay H. Chotirmall, Wai Kin Tham, Sunil S. Adav, Qing Ye, Yongyue Wei, Sipeng Shen, David C. Christiani, Kee Woei Ng, Treye Thomas, Yong Qian, Philip Demokritou

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

settings Open AccessArticle

Integrated Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, and Lipidomics Profiling in Rat Lung, Blood, and Serum for Assessment of Laser Printer-Emitted Nanoparticle Inhalation Exposure-Induced Disease Risks

by Nancy Lan Guo 1,*,Tuang Yeow Poh 2,Sandra Pirela 3,Mariana T. Farcas 4,Sanjay H. Chotirmall 2,Wai Kin Tham 5,Sunil S. Adav 5,Qing Ye 1,Yongyue Wei 6,Sipeng Shen 2,David C. Christiani 2,Kee Woei Ng 3,7,8,Treye Thomas 9,Yong Qian 4 andPhilip Demokritou 3 1 West Virginia University Cancer Institute/School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA 2 Lee Kong Chian …

Enhanced Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation In Acute Pancreatitis Contributes To Disease Severity And Is Reduced By Chloroquine, Pranav Murthy, Aatur D. Singhi, Mark A. Ross, Patricia Loughran, Pedram Paragomi, Georgios I. Papachristou, David C. Whitcomb, Amer H. Zureikat, Michael T. Lotze, Herbert J. Zeh, Brian A. Boone

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are generated when activated neutrophils, driven by PAD4, release their DNA, histones, HMGB1, and other intracellular granule components. NETs play a role in acute pancreatitis, worsening pancreatic inflammation, and promoting pancreatic duct obstruction. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) inhibits NET formation; therefore, we investigated the impact of CQ mediated NET inhibition in murine models of pancreatitis and human correlative studies.

Methods: L-arginine and choline deficient ethionine supplemented (CDE) diet models of acute pancreatitis were studied in wild type and PAD4−/− mice, incapable of forming NETs. Isolated neutrophils were stimulated to induce NET formation and visualized …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Food Insecurity Among U.S. College Students: A Multi-Institutional Study, Aseel El Zein, Karla P. Shelnutt, Sarah Colby, Melissa J. Vilaro, Wenjun Zhou, Geoffrey Greene, Melissa D. Olfert, Kristin Riggsbee, Jesse Stabile Morrell, Anne E. Mathews

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: College students may be vulnerable to food insecurity due to limited financial resources, decreased buying power of federal aid, and rising costs of tuition, housing, and food. This study assessed the prevalence of food insecurity and its sociodemographic, health, academic, and food pantry correlates among first-year college students in the United States. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year students (n = 855) across eight U.S. universities. Food security status was assessed using the U.S. Department of Agriculture Adult Food Security Survey Module. Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Eating Attitudes Test-26 were used to …

Development Of The Icook 4-H Curriculum For Youth And Adults: Cooking, Eating, And Playing Together For Childhood Obesity Prevention, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Sarah E. Colby, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Melissa D. Olfert, Douglas R. Mathews, Kathryn Yerxa, Barbara Baker, Michelle Krehbiel, Tracey Lehrke, Kimberly Wilson, Sue M. Flanagan, Amber Ford, Trina Aguirre, Adrienne A. White

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The objective was to describe the development process of a curriculum (iCook 4-H) targeted to low-income, rural, and/or diverse youths and their adult primary meal preparer to promote cooking, eating, and playing together. Lessons learned highlighted the importance of grounding the curriculum in Social Cognitive Theory and applying the experiential 4-H learning model using a multiphased, community-based participatory approach with cyclical development and evaluation, and key modifications made for dissemination and distribution. Findings across 4 testing phases over 6 years and 5 states demonstrated the time-intensive, cyclical process that required flexibility with fidelity to form a hands-on, interactive …

Neurogenesis In Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role Of Mfg-E8, Cletus Cheyuo, Monowar Aziz, Ping Wang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating medical conditions with no effective treatments. Restoration of impaired neurogenesis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8) is a secretory glycoprotein that plays a wide range of cellular functions including phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, anti-inflammation, tissue regeneration, and homeostasis. The beneficial role of MFG-E8 has been shown in cerebral ischemia (stroke), neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and traumatic brain injury. In stroke, MFG-E8 promotes neural stem cell proliferation and their migration toward the ischemic brain tissues. These novel functions of MFG-E8 are primarily mediated …

Mutualist-Provisioned Resources Impact Vector Competency, Rita V. M. Rio, Anna K. S. Jozwick, Amy F. Savage, Afsoon Sabet, Aurelien Vigneron, Yineng Wu, Serap Aksoy, Brian L. Weiss

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

ABSTRACT Many symbionts supplement their host’s diet with essential nutrients. However, whether these nutrients also enhance parasitism is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether folate (vitamin B9) production by the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.) essential mutualist, Wigglesworthia, aids auxotrophic African trypanosomes in completing their life cycle within this obligate vector. We show that the expression of Wigglesworthia folate biosynthesis genes changes with the progression of trypanosome infection within tsetse. The disruption of Wigglesworthia folate production caused a reduction in the percentage of flies that housed midgut (MG) trypanosome infections. However, decreased folate did not prevent MG trypanosomes from migrating …

Evaluation Of The Interrater Reliability Of End-Of-Life Medical Orders In The Physician Orders For Life-Sustaining Treatment Form, Gustavo Bigaton Lovadini, Fernanda Bono Fukushima, Joao Francisco Lindenberg Schoueri, Roberto Dos Reis, Cecilia Guimaraes Ferreira Fonseca, Jahaira Jeanainne Casanova Rodriguez, Cauana Silva Coelho, Adriele Ferreira Neves, Aniela Maria Rodrigues, Marina Almeida Marques, Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto, Karren Harrison Denning, Rick Bassett, Alvin H. Moss, Karl E. Steinberg, Edison Iglesias De Oliveira Vidal

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

IMPORTANCE Despite its spread in much of the United States and increased international interest, the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) paradigm still lacks supporting evidence. The interrater reliability of the POLST form to translate patients’ values and preferences into medical orders for care at the end of life remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE To assess the interrater reliability of the medical orders documented in POLST forms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a public university hospital in southeastern Brazil. Two independent researchers interviewed the same patients or decision-making surrogates (n = 64) during a single …

Clinical And Microbiologic Investigation Of An Expedited Peri-Implantitis Dog Model: An Animal Study, Wook Jin Seong, Georgios Kotsakis, Jong-Ki Huh, Soo Cheol Jeong, Ki Young Nam, Jong Ryul Kim, Young Cheul Heo, Hyeon-Cheol Kim, Lei Zhang, Michael D. Evans, Heather Conrad, Robert J. Schumacher

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: Animal studies are pivotal in allowing experimentation to identify efficacious treatment protocols for resolution of peri-implantitis. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize an expedited dog peri-implantitis model clinically, radiographically, and microbiologically. Methods: Eight hound dogs underwent extractions (week 0) and implant (3.3 × 8.5 mm) placement with simultaneous surgical defect creation and ligature placement for induction of peri-implantitis (week 10). Ligatures were replaced at 6 weeks (week 16) and removed after 9 weeks (week 19) when supporting bone loss involved approximately 50% of the peri-implant bone. Microbial samples from the defects and healthy control implant sites collected …

The Effect Of Maternal Diet With Fish Oil On Oxidative Stress And Inflammatory Response In Sow And New-Born Piglets, W. L. Luo, Z. Luo, X. Xu, S. Zhao, S. H. Li, T. Sho, J. Yao, J. Zhang, W. N. Xu, J. X. Xu

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Pregnancy is an oxidative stress and immune challenge for the mother. Fish oil is rich in EPA and DHA, which can partly inhibit aspects of inflammation and restore antioxidant capacity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of maternal diet with fish oil during the late gestation period on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in sows and their progenies. Twelve second-parity sows were allocated equally into two groups. Sows were fed either the soybean oil diet (SD) or soybean oil+fish oil diet (FD) during the gestation period. The plasma of sows, cord blood, and new-born piglets were collected. Full-term …

Dissemination Using Infographic Reports Depicting Program Impact Of A Community-Based Research Program: Eb4cast In Icook 4-H, Melissa D. Olfert, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Makenzie L. Barr, Sarah E. Colby, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Adrienne A. White

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective

To evaluate barriers to dissemination and implementation and perceptions of the Evidence-Based Forecast Capture, Assemble, Sustain, Timelessness (eB4CAST) dissemination infographic tool as part of iCook 4-Hdissemination.

Design

Online surveys and phone interviews.

Participants

Experts (n = 35) in community research completed the survey; 13 completed the interview.

Main Outcomes Measure

Experts’ perceptions of eB4CAST reports used for iCook 4-Hdissemination.

Analysis

Frequency and thematic analysis.

Results

Survey respondents agreed (85%) that the eB4CAST infographic provided a clear understanding of iCook 4-Hand relevant information (83%). Statistics included in the infographic were reported as easily understood (66%). Respondents (83%) …

Ripple Effect Mapping Outcomes Of A Childhood Obesity Prevention Program From Youth And Adult Dyads Using A Qualitative Approach: Icook 4-H, Melissa D. Olfert, Sina J. King, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Makenzie L. Barr, Barbara A. Baker, Sarah E. Colby, Kendra K. Kattelmann, Lisa Franzen-Castle, Adrienne A. White

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants …

Feasibility Of A Mhealth Approach To Nutrition Counseling In An Appalachian State, Melissa D. Olfert, Makenzie L. Barr, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Dustin M. Long, Treah S. Haggerty, Mathew Weimer, Joseph Golden, Mary Ann Maurer, Jill D. Cochran, Tracy Hendershot, Stacey L. Whanger, Jay D. Mason, Sally L. Hodder

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Abstract: West Virginia is a rural state with an aging population that may experience barriers to accessing nutritional and lifestyle counseling. This study examined feasibility of an online personalized nutrition tracking application, Good Measures (GM), with patients at seven health care clinics throughout the state. Fourteen healthcare providers and 64 patients 18 years or older with a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 and access to the Internet were recruited for this 12-week feasibility study. Patient participants logged meals and exercise into the GM application via smart phone, tablet, or computer and virtually engaged with a …

Trade-Offs Relating To Grassland And Forest Mine Reclamation Approaches In The Central Appalachian Region And Implications For The Songbird Community, Eric L. Margenau, Petra B. Wood, Cathy A. Weakland, Donald J. Brown

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Surface mining in the Appalachian region (USA) converts large areas of mature forest to early successional habitat. This shift in landscape structure has the potential to reduce habitat availability and suitability for forest-dwelling songbirds by reducing and fragmenting mature forest, but also to increase habitat availability for grassland- and shrubland-associated songbirds. We examined the influence of mountaintop mining/valley fill (MTMVF) reclamation habitats (grassland, shrubland, and remnant forest) on songbird community composition and abundance at three former MTMVF mines in southwestern West Virginia, relative to intact forest. We quantified the songbird community in 1999 and 2000 using point counts arranged throughout …

Choice Architecture In Appalachian High Schools: Evaluating And Improving Cafeteria Environments, Melissa D. Olfert, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Emily N. Clegg, Shannon Ackerman, Cheryl Brown

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

School meals are a primary source of nutrition for many adolescents. Determining factors that influence the selection of various foods can provide insight on strategies to improve students’ cafeteria choices. This evaluation and observation was conducted at three Appalachian high schools to assess the cafeteria environment. The study developed and implemented an assessment tool created using principles of choice architecture and behavioral economics building on the work of the Cornell Center for Behavioral Economics in Child Nutrition Programs (BEN Center). The assessment tool scored eight components of the lunchroom—the exterior, hot serving area, cold serving area, salad bar, beverage area, …

Expenditure, Coping, And Academic Behaviors Among Food-Insecure College Students At 10 Higher Education Institutes In The Appalachian And Southeastern Regions, Rebecca L. Hagedorn, Laura H. Mcarthur, Lanae B. Hood, Maureen Berner, Elizabeth T. Anderson Steeves, Carol L. Connell, Elizabeth Wall-Bassett, Marsha Spence, Oyinlola Toyin Babatunde, E Brooke Kelly, Julia F. Waity, J Porter Lillis, Melissa D. Olfert

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

A number of studies have measured college student food insecurity prevalence higher than the national average; however, no multicampus regional study among students at 4-y institutions has been undertaken in the Appalachian and Southeast regions of the United States.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of food insecurity among college students in the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States, and to determine the association between food-insecurity status and money expenditures, coping strategies, and academic performance among a regional sample of college students.

Methods

This regional, cross-sectional, online survey study included 13,642 college …

Mad Max Fury Road Introduction, Lynne Stahl

2019-2020

Transcript--Introduction to Mad Max: Fury Road

Lynne Stahl, WVU Libraries

9/4/2019

A Role For Regional Science In Analyzing Water Issues, Christa D. Court, Elham Erfanian

Regional Research Institute Working Papers

The World Economic Forum has consistently ranked water crises as one of the top five most impactful issues facing humanity, alongside but not completely separate from issues such as climate change and natural disasters (World Economic Forum, 2019). A growing population and changing climate will only further stress the constrained water system. Acute and ongoing societal disruptions, caused by significant declines in the available quality and quantity of fresh water around the globe, underscore the importance of water to human life and a functional society. The papers in this special issue highlight the role that regional scientists can and should …

Stockpiling Tall Fescue For Deferred Grazing, Edward Barrow Rayburn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

WVU-Extension fact sheet

An Analysis Of Mandatory Hookup Law: Cases & Statutes, Jesse Richardson

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

2019 Symposium Brochure

Programs

No abstract provided.

Infestation Of Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonerica Japonica) Shows Variation In Soil Microbial Community Composition And Species Diversity In Wvu Core Arboretum, Jackie Mullins

Undergraduate Student Research

Invasive species are found to cause alteration of biodiversity, competition with native species, and other environment and ecological changes across the globe. Also, invasive species have economic implications. When specifically talking about invasive plant species, an important influence is soil microbes that can altered or are altered after growth of invasive plant species. One invasive plant, Lonerica japonica, is extensively spread across the globe but has had little research done, specifically in if it alters the microbes of the soil. Having L. japonica readily available in the West Virginia University Core Arboretum, soil samples were collected from sites of …

Role Of Geographic Distance In Clonal Propagation Of Asimina Triloba Subpopulations Of Northern West Virginia, Kari Fontana

Undergraduate Student Research

Clonality prevails as reproductive strategy of choice in several plant species, including Asimina triloba. More commonly known as the North American Paw Paw tree, this plant yields high domestication potential and well as scientific value. Clonality and inbreeding are highly common in Paw Paw which can pose a threat to the species’ success due the effect on genetic variation. The goal of this experiment was to examine geographic distance in the context of clonality by determining the number of individuals and clones within and among subpopulations. Methodology includes analysis of plant genetic makeup through extraction, amplification, and iSSR analysis. Data …

Characterization Of Ovine Monocytes In Response To Haemonchus Contortus Larvae In Vitro And A Novel Role Of Interleukin-13 Inducing Larval Paralysis, Elizabeth Shepherd

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous, gastrointestinal parasite affecting small ruminants. Parasitism by H. contortus is the greatest concern of sheep producers in the United States and accounts for billions of dollars in economic loss worldwide. However, different breeds of sheep display differences n natural resistance to H. contortus. St. Croix hair sheep have a remarkable ability to clear H. contortus without the aid of anthelmintics and develop a robust T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response, preventing establishment of infective stage 3 larvae (L3), when compared to susceptible Suffolk sheep. However, the mechanism of development of immune response and …

The Impact Of Using Selected Art Therapy Approaches On Students Diagnosed On The Autism Spectrum (As) Or With Behavioral Disabilities (Bd) In An Elementary School Art Classroom., Amie Dawn Perriello

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Students with autism and behavior disorders frequently have a difficult time communicating with their teachers and peers. Art can serve as a vehicle for communication while supporting strengths and encouraging self-esteem. Yet few art teachers have the specialized training needed to work with students on the spectrum, and we are often times left to our own intuition and devices on how to deal with these students. These students deserve greater individualized education, yet this can present a unique challenge to any classroom art teacher who does not have the training to deal with students who come from these special populations. …

The Working Public’S Perceptions Of Service Dogs: A Phenomenological Investigation Of Gatekeepers’ Experiences, Angela M. Dial

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The purpose of this study was to capture the essence of the working public’s experiences with, and perceptions of service dogs. The population for the study was the working public of Kentucky, who through their employment, have experienced first-hand the phenomenon. A phenomenological framework informed the research design. In-depth, unstructured interviews were conducted to obtain data. Interview transcriptions were analyzed according to suggestions from Moustakas (1994) and Hycner (1985) regarding phenomenological research. The results of this research study naturally formed into five themes. Findings showed prevalent misunderstandings, confusion and lack of knowledge regarding service dogs, including how to identify a …

Defining The Late Style Of Johannes Brahms: A Study Of The Late Songs, Natilan Casey-Ann Crutcher

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Johannes Brahms has long been viewed as a central figure in the Classical tradition during a period when the standards of this tradition were being altered and abandoned. His resistance to innovation creates some difficulty when trying to pinpoint his "late style", and how he fits into the late style concept. While existing scholarship on Brahms's late style tends to focus on his chamber works, this document focuses on his late Lieder. This document proves a study of Brahms's literary considerations, a comparison of his early and late songs, and a comparison between Brahms and some of his contemporaries. In …

State Capacity And Terrorism In The Developing World, Coty J. Martin

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

What are the most influential factors to the rise of terrorist groups in the developing world? From Nigeria to Indonesia, various groups have conducted devastating attacks, against fellow citizens and international visitors. Hendrix and Young (2014) find military capacity may encourage the use of terrorism while bureaucratic measures depress them. Further investigation into underlying catalysts for mobilization is required before we can explain the rise in activity of terrorist organizations in these regions. I expect as measures of military capacity increase that terrorism increases while increases in administrative capacity reduce terrorist activity. I also expect indirect factors such as repressive …

Utilizing The Parts Of Common Food Products As Functional Ingredients Part 1: Separation And Concentration Of Ω-3 Pufa-Rich Phospholipids By Hydration Of Krill Oil Part 2: Functional Properties Of A Concentrated Egg Yolk Protein Powder Using A One-Step Organic Solvent Extraction Process, Casey Lynn Showman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The food industry separates food products into different parts to better utilize the functional and nutritional benefits of each fraction. The overall focus of this thesis is on separating and utilizing fractions and co-products from food manufacturing as functional ingredients. Therefore, the objective of this research was to 1) evaluate the effectiveness of water degumming to separate omega-3 PUFA-rich phospholipids from other lipids found in krill oil and 2) determine how different organic solvents would affect physiochemical and functional properties of egg yolk protein recovered from spray-dried egg yolk using a novel one-step organic solvent extraction method.

The aim of …

Stream Salamander And Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Responses To Imidacloprid Exposure, Sara M. Crayton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The insecticide imidacloprid is widely used to mitigate hemlock (Tsuga spp.) mortality resulting from the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), but evidence suggests that

imidacloprid can have negative effects on adjacent stream systems. Imidacloprid exposure causes physiological changes, bioaccumulation, and reduced survival in anurans, and induces physiological impairment and reduced survival in benthic macroinvertebrates. In this thesis, we assessed whether HWA treatments using imidacloprid affect stream salamander abundances and benthic macroinvertebrate community composition. We also investigated whether imidacloprid or its metabolites bioaccumulate in benthic macroinvertebrates or salamanders and cause sublethal effects. We conducted this study in two National Park …