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Equine Assisted Activities And Therapies, Carol C. Petitto Dec 2010

Equine Assisted Activities And Therapies, Carol C. Petitto

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation is composed of three essays in which each carefully examines an important aspect of the field of equine assisted activities and therapies (EAAT). In the first essay, I review how equine assisted activities and therapies should be considered as an early intervention to help facilitate communication skills in children with autism. The majority of participants in NARHA programs have autism, and therefore it is critical to appraise the validity of EAAT as a positive intervention. Respondents of NARHA centers to a survey on their use of assessments in tracking the progress of their participants indicated that only 7% …

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Mythscapes: Violent Spaces In Postmodern Literature And Culture, Jonathan R. Harvey Dec 2010

Mythscapes: Violent Spaces In Postmodern Literature And Culture, Jonathan R. Harvey

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This project focuses on British and American speculative novels written between the 1960s and the 2000s that position the reader to critique the contemporary world. Depictions of violent, fictional spaces, or what I call mythscapes, are playing an influential role in literary, political, religious, and even scientific discourses. The mythscape can initiate introspection on real issues by suggesting possible alternatives, conjecturing about potential consequences, and posing compelling comparisons. I define "mythscape" as an imagined space that features: a setting that is nonrealistic and radically different from, yet implicitly contrastive with, material reality; a rhetorical stance, which is inevitably grounded in …

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Exploring The Utility Of A Giscience Approach To Modeling Invasive Species: A Case Study Of Ailanthus Altissima, Arthur Elmes Dec 2010

Exploring The Utility Of A Giscience Approach To Modeling Invasive Species: A Case Study Of Ailanthus Altissima, Arthur Elmes

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis investigated the potential for integration of remotely sensed and GIS data into an agent-based modeling environment in order to model seed dispersal and subsequent establishment of windborne seeds. In order to explore the applicability of agent-based modeling to predicting seed dispersal, a case study was carried out using the representative example species Ailanthus altissima, an invasive tree found throughout North America's temperate regions. Seed movement was modeled in two stages, primary and secondary dispersal; primary dispersal was calibrated using existing field data, while secondary dispersal was calibrated only qualitatively. Establishment potential was accounted for probabilistically, based on landuse …

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Ecology Of Trifolium Stoloniferum (Muhl. Ex A. Eaton), A Federally Endangered Vascular Plant, At The Fernow Experimental Forest In West Virginia, John Q. Burkhart Dec 2010

Ecology Of Trifolium Stoloniferum (Muhl. Ex A. Eaton), A Federally Endangered Vascular Plant, At The Fernow Experimental Forest In West Virginia, John Q. Burkhart

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis presents work addressing the ecology of Trifolium stoloniferum, a federally endangered vascular plant species, in the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. In this thesis, I describe the historical ecology of this species and make a case that at one time it occurred in great abundance in association with trails created by large mammals and humans that intersected rich, open forests. Similar conditions exist at the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, but instead of large mammals, the requisite soil disturbance, control of competing vegetation, and canopy perforation are created by timber-harvesting related disturbances, particularly gap creation by tree …

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Developing A Cellular Assay For Screening Inhibitors Of Stat4 Phosphorylation, Vivian Marcela Suarez Dec 2010

Developing A Cellular Assay For Screening Inhibitors Of Stat4 Phosphorylation, Vivian Marcela Suarez

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In order to design better therapeutic strategies, scientists work on understanding the interactions that take place at cell level and have an effect on the immune system. In order to identify a few possible inhibitors that may be up-regulated in tumor environment and that may affect T-cell action, a cellular assay was designed. An Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-responsive murine Th1 cell clone called 2D6 was used as cellular model to study the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), insulin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the phosphorylation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4), a key element in IL-12 signaling. Cells were …

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The Effect Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Derived From Various Sources On Bone Metabolism In Growing Female Rats, Robin E. Lukas Dec 2010

The Effect Of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Derived From Various Sources On Bone Metabolism In Growing Female Rats, Robin E. Lukas

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Bone loss may be lessened if bone mass and strength are increased by optimizing nutrition intervention. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (o-3 PUFAs) have been suggested to improve bone mineralization and microarchitecture by affecting mineral balance and lipid peroxidation. However, the sources of the o-3 PUFA differ in the types of o-3 PUFA, ratios, and structural form. Therefore, the study objective was to determine the effect of o-3 PUFAs from different sources on bone mineral and microarchitecture and explore potential associations. Growing (28 day) female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n=10/group) to a high fat 12% (weight) diet consisting of either …

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Perceptions Of West Virginia Beef Cattle Producers On Preparedness For An Agroterrorism Attack, Rebecca Laura Ours Dec 2010

Perceptions Of West Virginia Beef Cattle Producers On Preparedness For An Agroterrorism Attack, Rebecca Laura Ours

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Biosecurity is a measure that can help protect beef producers from financial loss associated with an agroterrorism attack. This study sought to determine West Virginia beef producers' perceptions of the potential for agroterrorism and what biosecurity measures they practice. A mailed questionnaire was sent to a sample population of 355 beef producers, with a response rate of 47.7%. Beef producers in West Virginia agreed that agroterrorism could happen in the United States and in West Virginia; however, the majority did not feel it would happen on their farms. A majority of the respondents indicated they would attend a program on …

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Evaluation Of Reforestation Efforts On Two Reclaimed Surface Mines In West Virginia, Curtis A. Delong Dec 2010

Evaluation Of Reforestation Efforts On Two Reclaimed Surface Mines In West Virginia, Curtis A. Delong

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Coal mining has disturbed approximately 2.4 million hectares (6 million acres) since 1930 in the United States. West Virginia is located in the Eastern Coal Region where surface mining has disturbed large areas of eastern deciduous forest. As coal operators and land owners are moving toward restoring forests on mined lands, techniques are being developed and tested to increase tree survival and growth to ensure disturbed land is converted back to forest in a timely fashion. This study was implemented to provide additional scientific data on the implementation of these techniques especially related to substrate selection. The objectives of this …

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Dissociating The Reinforcing And Discriminative Roles Of A Warning Signal In A Free-Operant Avoidance Situation, Bobby E. Phillips Dec 2010

Dissociating The Reinforcing And Discriminative Roles Of A Warning Signal In A Free-Operant Avoidance Situation, Bobby E. Phillips

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The two-factor theory of avoidance behavior predicts that a warning signal that precedes shock will have an aversive function, and if this is true then presenting a warning signal contingent upon a response should punish that response. In the present study, rats responded in a two-component multiple schedule of free-operant shock avoidance. Both components used a response-shock (RS) interval of 30 s, and a shock-shock (SS) interval of 5 s. A distinct warning signal was presented in each component, and signals differed primarily in terms of their respective durations. In one component, the signal appeared 29 s before RS shocks, …

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Hydrologic Soil Grouping Determination For Appalachian Minesoils, Anthony Willard Dec 2010

Hydrologic Soil Grouping Determination For Appalachian Minesoils, Anthony Willard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The hydrologic soil group refers to the infiltration potential of the soil after prolonged wetting. This classification system separates soils into four hydrologic groups (A, B, C, and D), based upon the intake and transmission of water under conditions of maximum yearly wetness. Group A has the lowest runoff potential and D the highest. Several soil properties are used to determine the hydrologic soil groupings. In the study of the hydrologic soil nature, soil properties that affect infiltration, such as bulk density, porosity and texture, should be considered. Associated factors that affect infiltration in the field are slope and vegetation. …

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Development And Evolution Of Higher Brain Centers In Insects, Xiangyi Zhao Dec 2010

Development And Evolution Of Higher Brain Centers In Insects, Xiangyi Zhao

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Brain structures within an individual can change during development through modification of individual neuron morphology together with alteration of neuron numbers. Differences in the same or analogous brain structures from different species can reflect behavioral pattern variation among these species fixed by natural selection. This study used insects from two different taxonomic groups to address such brain structure changes at these two time scales: developmental and evolutionary. Mushroom bodies, as an integrative sensory center involved in learning and memory in insects, were the main structure surveyed to illustrate changes in higher brain centers in both projects. In the developmental study, …

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Mechanisms Of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Angiogenesis, Yingxue Zhu Dec 2010

Mechanisms Of Tungsten Carbide-Cobalt Nanoparticle-Induced Angiogenesis, Yingxue Zhu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Hard metal or cemented carbide consists of a powder mixture of 80 to 90% of tungsten carbide (WC) and 5 to 10% of metallic cobalt (Co). Nanoparticles are engineered structures with one dimension of at least 100 nanometers or smaller. The small size results in properties that may be substantially different from particles of the same composition in the micrometer scale. It has been demonstrated that the inhalation of hard metal particles may cause an interstitial pulmonary disease and lung cancer, the mechanism of which involves an interaction between Co and WC particles, the generation of reactive oxygen species, and …

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Pathophysiology And Clinical Implications Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (Lrti) With Respiratory Enteric Orphan Virus (Reovirus): Background And Experimental Evidence, Maret E. Bernard Dec 2010

Pathophysiology And Clinical Implications Of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (Lrti) With Respiratory Enteric Orphan Virus (Reovirus): Background And Experimental Evidence, Maret E. Bernard

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Background. Respiratory viral infection early in life is a predominant factor in the inception of episodic wheezing and development of asthma amongst young children [1] and a serious health challenge. Previous studies of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in animal models have indicated that early life viral exposure results in dysregulated neuroimmune interactions and altered synthesis/release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides generating increased airway reactivity and neurogenic-inflammation. Similar to RSV, respiratory enteric orphan virus (Reovirus) is a common respiratory pathogen associated with pulmonary infections in children. Also, reovirus pulmonary infection has been shown to induce increased collagen …

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Teacher And Administrator Perceptions Of Technology Use In Two West Virginia Middle Schools, Carrie E. Marcum Dec 2010

Teacher And Administrator Perceptions Of Technology Use In Two West Virginia Middle Schools, Carrie E. Marcum

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The "digital natives" that are sitting in today's classrooms live their lives surrounded by technology. "The current crop of learners differs in significant ways from previous generations because, unlike their predecessors, they have literally grown up 'digital'" (Simpson & Clem, 2008, p. 2). Teachers and administrators often struggle to keep up with the technological world that students are used to. This mixed-methods study included West Virginia teachers and administrators from two middle schools. Teachers and administrators at the two schools were given surveys that addressed the following: frequency of technology use for personal and professional use, confidence level with various …

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Emissions Characterization And Particle Size Distribution From A Dpf-Equipped Diesel Truck Fueled With Biodiesel Blends, Idowu O. Olatunji Dec 2010

Emissions Characterization And Particle Size Distribution From A Dpf-Equipped Diesel Truck Fueled With Biodiesel Blends, Idowu O. Olatunji

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Biodiesel may be derived from either plant or animal sources, and is usually employed as a compression ignition fuel in a blend with petroleum diesel (PD). Emissions differences between vehicles operated on biodiesel blends and PD have been published previously, but data do not cover the latest engine technologies. Prior studies have shown that biodiesel offers advantages in reducing particulate matter, with either no advantage or a slight disadvantage for oxides of nitrogen emissions. Literature also suggests that diesel engine exhaust particle number emissions are dominated by nucleation mode particles (NMPs) if present, while the mass emissions are dominated by …

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The Effects Of Resveratrol On Oxidative Stress And Muscle Atrophy, Janna Renee Jackson Dec 2010

The Effects Of Resveratrol On Oxidative Stress And Muscle Atrophy, Janna Renee Jackson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Resveratrol (3,5,4,trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in over seventy plant species that has been shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging properties. Resveratrols' capacity to enhance the endogenous anti-oxidant system, upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins and improve mitochondrial function, presumably through the activation of the N AD+ dependent deacetylase Sirtuin1, suggests that supplementation with resveratrol may potentially protect skeletal muscle from the detrimental effects of increases in oxidative stress and the subsequent increase in apoptotic signaling that are present in many atrophic conditions. Therefore, the major goals of this dissertation are to further understand the interplay between oxidative stress and …

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Spectral Approaches To Natural Mesh Processing, Takamitsu Kawai Dec 2010

Spectral Approaches To Natural Mesh Processing, Takamitsu Kawai

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Mesh design is a major bottleneck in the creation of computer games and animation. Therefore simplifying the process of mesh editing is an important problem. Natural mesh processing is generally difficult to perform since natural meshes often have nontrivial surface shapes and high degrees of freedom. In this study I present novel approaches to natural mesh processing utilizing spectral methods based on the manifold harmonic basis.;Geometric scaling transformations do not respect the biological processes which govern the size and shape of living creatures. I describe an approach to scaling which can be related to biological function. Known biological laws of …

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2010 Drought Management Handbook, Craig W. Yohn Aug 2010

2010 Drought Management Handbook, Craig W. Yohn

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

WVU-Extension fact sheet

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The Influence Of Nursing Curriculum In Associate Degree Nursing Programs On The Development Of Nursing Professionalism In Graduating Nursing Students, Cristina M. Riter Aug 2010

The Influence Of Nursing Curriculum In Associate Degree Nursing Programs On The Development Of Nursing Professionalism In Graduating Nursing Students, Cristina M. Riter

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Nursing professionalism is assumed to develop during the educational process, with the model of the baccalaureate degree program. There have been few studies on the development of professionalism in beginning nursing students, especially those in a two-year associate degree nursing program. This research study explored the concept of professional development in reaction to the increased number of associate degree registered nurses in this country since the inception of the associate degree nursing programs in the 1950s. The impact of the registered nursing shortage on the nursing profession and the educational preparedness of future registered nurses was also explored. The research …

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Correlation Between Flexural Strength And Denture Base Acrylic Thickness Overlaying Implant Stud Attachments, Khaled N. Alawadhi Aug 2010

Correlation Between Flexural Strength And Denture Base Acrylic Thickness Overlaying Implant Stud Attachments, Khaled N. Alawadhi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Objectives. To investigate the effect of acrylic resin thickness and the stud attachment housings on the maximum breaking load, flexural strength and flexural modulus of denture base acrylic resins overlying implant overdenture attachments.;Methods. Fifty-two rectangular specimens were fabricated from high impact denture acrylic resin (Lucitone 199). Forty specimens contain 2.00 mm height Locator attachment titanium denture caps with black processing males, 12 specimens did not include the denture cap. All specimens were fabricated according to ANSI/ADA SPECIFICATION NO. 12-2002 for testing denture base resin with constant measurements of 64 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and variable testing thickness. …

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Reovirus As A Probe To Study Induction Of Anti-Viral Immunity And Modulation Of Peanut Allergy, Ronald J. Fecek Jr. Aug 2010

Reovirus As A Probe To Study Induction Of Anti-Viral Immunity And Modulation Of Peanut Allergy, Ronald J. Fecek Jr.

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Infectious diarrheal diseases are a major burden to human health worldwide. A proportion of those diarrheal diseases are caused by enteric viruses that gain access through the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, the human gastrointestinal mucosa represents an important route of entry for enteric viruses. Enteric viruses are taken up by gastrointestinal mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) that induce and shape adaptive immunity, however, activation of mucosal DCs by enteric viruses is poorly understood. The research presented in this dissertation is focused on deciphering the requirements for activation of murine DCs in response to an enteric virus as well as the subsequent generation …

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Calcium/Magnesium Ratio And Water Potential Effects On Forage Quality And Pectin Concentration, Rishi Prasad Aug 2010

Calcium/Magnesium Ratio And Water Potential Effects On Forage Quality And Pectin Concentration, Rishi Prasad

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Forage quality is an important parameter in animal nutrition and depends partly on soil fertility and moisture. Acidic soil pH and low soil moisture are known to decrease forage yield and quality. Liming is a common practice to correct the soil pH. Addition of lime not only improves the availability of nutrients but at the same time adds to the native calcium and magnesium present in the soil. Calcium and magnesium are identified as essential secondary macronutrients known to influence plant's physiological process. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of molar combinations of Ca:Mg ratio in …

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Roosting Ecology Of Bats In A Disturbed Landscape, Joshua B. Johnson Aug 2010

Roosting Ecology Of Bats In A Disturbed Landscape, Joshua B. Johnson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In 2007 and 2008, I examined roost selection of forest-interior dwelling northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in stands treated with prescribed fire (hereafter, fire) and in unburned (hereafter, control) stands on the Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia. Using radio telemetry, I tracked 36 female northern myotis to 69 roost trees; 25 in the fire treatment and 44 in the control treatment. Using logistic regression and an information-theoretic model selection approach, I determined that within the fire treatment, northern myotis maternity colonies were more likely to use cavity trees that were smaller in diameter, higher in crown class, and located …

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction In The Diabetic Heart: Cardioprotection From A Novel Mitochondrially-Targeted Therapeutic, Erinne Rose Dabkowski Aug 2010

Mitochondrial Dysfunction In The Diabetic Heart: Cardioprotection From A Novel Mitochondrially-Targeted Therapeutic, Erinne Rose Dabkowski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cardiovascular complications leading to heart failure are the leading cause of death amongst both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation due to hyperglycemia and an enhanced fatty acid environment has been suggested to lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage because the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is the main site of ROS generation. Mitochondrial dysfunction is complicated by the fact that two spatially-distinct subpopulations of mitochondria reside in the heart. The subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) are located at the cell periphery, while the interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM) situate along the myofibrils. …

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Escape From Stimuli Correlated With Transitions Across Lean And Rich Schedules Of Reinforcement, August F. Holtyn Aug 2010

Escape From Stimuli Correlated With Transitions Across Lean And Rich Schedules Of Reinforcement, August F. Holtyn

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

On a multiple-schedule of reinforcement, when a rich component is followed by a relatively lean component, responding is interrupted by extended pausing. The present experiment examined whether the discriminative stimulus correlated with this rich to lean transition acquired aversive properties. Four pigeons were exposed to a compound schedule with two fixed-ratio components programmed on the center key. One component ended with the delivery of a rich reinforcer (7-s access to grain) and the second with a lean reinforcer (1-s access). Each component was correlated with a distinctive key color. At the beginning of some components, a side key was activated. …

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The Effects Of Riparian Tree Harvest Intensity And Woody Debris Addition On Biotic And Abiotic Stream Characteristics, Jered Michael Studinski Aug 2010

The Effects Of Riparian Tree Harvest Intensity And Woody Debris Addition On Biotic And Abiotic Stream Characteristics, Jered Michael Studinski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Forested headwater streams rely on riparian zones for many critical products and services. Riparian areas shade streams, stabilize stream banks, filter sediment, and provide allochthonous materials like leaves, large woody debris (LWD), and terrestrial invertebrates (TI's). Logging can affect the products and services of riparian zones. Best management practices (BMP's) have been developed to minimize the impacts of riparian timber harvest on streams. The main component of these guidelines is the establishment of a road-free riparian buffer called a streamside management zone (SMZ). The West Virginia Division of Forestry's BMP's require a SMZ that is at least 30 m wide …

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Determination Of Equilibrium Binding Constants For Lps Interaction With Tlr4, Santhoshi P. Dixit Aug 2010

Determination Of Equilibrium Binding Constants For Lps Interaction With Tlr4, Santhoshi P. Dixit

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the best characterized Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRRs) and are directly responsible for initiating an appropriate defense against bacterial and viral infection. Among all the TLRs known, only TLR4 is able to activate both MyD88-dependent induction of genes encoding inflammatory molecules and TRIF-dependent production of type I interferon. Therefore, in this study we report the binding of TLR4 by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is the component on the cell-wall of gram-negative bacteria. Binding of LPS is a prerequisite for the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by LPS which increases the expression of critical proinflammatory cytokines that organize …

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Colonial Sugar Production In Nyanza: (Kibos-Muhoroni) The Asian Initiative, The Genesis, And Development Of Kenya's Sugar Industry, 1903--1963, Godriver A. N. Wanga Odhiambo Aug 2010

Colonial Sugar Production In Nyanza: (Kibos-Muhoroni) The Asian Initiative, The Genesis, And Development Of Kenya's Sugar Industry, 1903--1963, Godriver A. N. Wanga Odhiambo

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This study analyses Asian sugar production in colonial Nyanza examines the Asian initiative and the development of commercial cane farming in Central Nyanza. Therefore, the work provides a different perspective on Asian initiative in agriculture and provides a framework on which to understand the persistent state of insufficiency in Kenya's sugar industry.;The study mainly relied on primary sources, secondary sources and oral interviews. These sources were derived from the Kenya National Archives, Nairobi, Syracuse University's Bird Library, Ohio University Library, Moi University Library Eldoret and West Virginia University Library. The primary materials included annual reports of the Department of Agriculture, …

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One-Room Schools And Their Role In The Development Of The Appalachian Hills Of West Virginia: 1863--1940s, James Seth Caudill Aug 2010

One-Room Schools And Their Role In The Development Of The Appalachian Hills Of West Virginia: 1863--1940s, James Seth Caudill

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

One-room schools provided the educational settings for the majority of West Virginians until well into the twentieth century. The distribution of the population throughout the rural, rolling, and mountainous terrain resulted in the location of schools within walking distance for most students. The school population consisted of students of various ages and different grades contained in one room. Teachers required diverse skills, in order to perform as academic instructor, nurse, custodian, and entertainment leader at recess. The rural schools gave students in these communities an opportunity to achieve an education, offering both academics and life lessons. The thesis will examine …

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Relationships Of Developmental Traits In Young Alpaca Crias And Lambs, Sara Elizabeth Lewis Aug 2010

Relationships Of Developmental Traits In Young Alpaca Crias And Lambs, Sara Elizabeth Lewis

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Successful reproduction in alpacas is highly dependent upon postnatal survival, which in turn is dependent upon a pattern of continuous gain in weight as an indicator of health. Weighing alpacas is the primary method used to assess their general health. Unfortunately, the measurement of cria weight is not always a simple, routine, or easy determination. The purpose of this study was to determine if, as in other species such as cattle and horses, morphometric body measurements can be used to estimate weight. In this study, continuous weight and girth measurements were taken on 34 alpaca cria. Age and girth were …

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