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History Of The Humane Movement And Prospects For The 80s, Robert A. Brown

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It was in 1836 that the oldest humane society currently in existence, the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, was founded in London. Many others were formed during the nineteenth century, such as the organization I now represent, which was founded in Chicago in 1899. Above all else, there is one distinguishing feature of this period for me: the movement had what is known in Chicago as clout. In marked contrast to the years following the First World War, humane societies enjoyed support from individuals of wealth, influence, and brains. That was a high point for the …

Letter To Editor: Monkey Housing: Every Litter Bit Helps, W. C. Mcgrew

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Non-human primates, laboratory housing

Meetings And Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) organized a conference on “Laboratory Animal Research for the 80s”. Speakers included Dr. Steele Mattingly (Harlan-Sprague Dawley), Dr. Franklin M Loew (Johns Hopkins), Dr. Robert Whitney (NIH), and Dr. Edward Lennon of MCW.

Euthanasia Of Day-Old Male Chicks In The Poultry Industry, Walter Jaksch

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The humane killing of animals implies a painless death [euthanasia). Painless death depends on the rapidity with which unconsciousness is achieved and the maintenance of this state until death occurs. Euthanasia methods for day-old chicks must also be economical and should not interfere with using the carcasses for animal food or fertilizer. Manual decapitation or dislocation of the neck is the best available manual method of euthanasia. For greater numbers of birds, the literature recommends homogenization in a crusher. In the author's experiments, the destruction of day-old chicks was most effectively carried out by poisoning with carbon dioxide [C02). A …

Letter To Editor: "Harvest" Of Monkeys In Breeding Colonies, Joe R. Held

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Held corrects the impression from the edited version of his article discussing the monkey breeding facility on a Puerto Rican island.

Regulation Of Biomedical Research, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The idea of abolishing or simplifying government regulations has a large following in Washington. As Reagan and his advisors start to prune the growth of the past twenty years, we must hope that they can distinguish between the healthy growth that provides needed support and the excessive growth that strangles necessary initiatives. However, there is one area where we need more regulation rather than less, namely, biomedical research. In calling for more regulation in biomedical research, the author notes he does not mean the imposition of external controls by allegedly ignorant and insensitive bureaucrats (although he states some outside oversight …

Is Nature Our Birthright?, Nancy Heneson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

On December 2, 1980, former President Jimmy Carter signed the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, protecting 104 million acres of federal land in Alaska (although mineral surveys will be allowed on protected areas where there may be oil and gas). In the words of former Interior Secretary Cecil Andrus (DO/ News Release, December 2 1980): "This law is the culmination of a nine-year national effort to protect the awesome wonders of our largest state as a part of a great legacy of beauty and nature that is the birthright of every American."

Letter To Editor: Livestock Abuse In Trucks And Sale Yards, Temple Grandin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Grandin adds comments on her observations of livestock abuse occurring in transport trucks and sale yards.

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

American Zoologists cannot support HR556, the Research Modernization Act.

US bill on the transport of horses for slaughter.

News And Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Sea Turtle Excluder Device;

2. More Action on Draize:

3. Farm Adverts Lay an Egg;

4. British Unions Back Conservation Efforts;

5. Alternative for Rabies Diagnosis;

6. NC State Principles for Animal Use;

7. Need to Control Stress Stressed

Meetings And Announments

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Forthcoming meetings and Announcements

History Of Animal Experimentation Control In The U.K., Judith E. Hampson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Legislative control of the use of animals in experiments in the U.K. lies in the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876. Animal Welfare groups and individuals in Britain have pressed for reform of this law since its inception 105 years ago. The British government has recently agreed to bring this legislation up to date. Any new or amended legislation could have far-reaching implications for laboratory animal welfare and the scientific community and is therefore of considerable importance both in this country and overseas. No proper appreciation of the problem would be possible without referencing the historical background. The Act of …

Abnormal Behavior As An Indication Of Immaterial Suffering, Hans Hinrich Sambraus

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

I do not believe I am the only one who has occasionally been satisfied to take three steps forward and two steps back. Despite the setback, "progress" of one step has been made. At present, the animal welfare task seems to me to be preserving that small bit of progress. In the animal welfare laws of various countries that have come into force in the last few years, terms like "appropriate conditions" and "species-specific activity requirements" have appeared. (These are the three steps forward.) Only the ethologist can determine what they mean in specific cases. But many ethologists who have …

Where To Put Your Choker, Roger A. Mugford

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The choke chain has become an indispensable aid in training dogs, but even the most time-hallowed practices deserve an occasional critical review. The author has recently completed an investigation into the uses and abuses of choke chains and failed to find any benefit from using a choker rather than a conventional leather collar. Indeed, there are some very considerable dangers and disadvantages associated with the device. These charges may sound like heresy to many dog trainers, but they may strike a sympathetic chord with others.

Sewer Science & Pound Seizure, Kenneth P. Stoller

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Significant decisions are being made in the City and County of Los Angeles over a seemingly minor issue-pound seizure. Outwardly, the issue involves potentially inconvenienced animal research professionals versus angry citizens who do not want lost pets sold for research. However, on another level, this conflict has implications that reach the depths of irrationality. Far from fighting to promote the practice of pound seizure, scientists should be fighting to end it.

One Answer To The Confinement Pig Problem, Arthur Hehring

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A new design for an intensive hog finishing operation is presented. The "maze deconfinement" system consists of 4-walled concrete pens arranged in a T-maze within a confinement building designed to utilize solar energy. In addition to low cost and efficient energy use, the system has the following advantages: higher feed conversion rate; less fighting among and injuries to hogs; some freedom for hogs to exercise and explore; decreased labor. The system has been used on the author's farm since the end of 1976.

The Coyote (Canis Latrans) In Panama, Eustorgio Mendez, Francisco Delgado, Demetrio Miranda

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

This report reveals that the coyote, Canis Iatrans, has recently extended its southern range to Panama. The skin of one adult female coyote killed by hunters at Los Pirales, a farm near Gualaca in Chiriqui Province, western Panama, has been deposited in the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory Vertebrate Collection. In the same province, other coyotes have been observed in Alanje, Boquete, and Boqueron. The probable coyote range in Panama is indicated, and the need for an urgent management strategy for this canid in the Republic is also expressed.

Letter To The Editor: Lnterspecific Affection In Animals, Gordon Gunter

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author describes cases where baboons “adopt” kittens and two different species of seal interact to benefit the smaller species.

Letter To Editor: Animals As A Minority, Edward G. Ludwig

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author presents arguments that animals should be treated as a minority group.

The Buller-Steer Syndrome, Richarad Ulbrich

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Bulling among steers is an abnormal behavioral trait and is a common health and economic problem in feedlot operations. Factors associated with the buller-steer syndrome are hormonal implantation, seasonality and environmental conditions, stress, overcrowding, and social interaction between individuals. Research has examined relationships between these and other factors and buller occurrence. Boredom of feedlot cattle may contribute more to buller occurrence and other undesirable behavior than we might suspect. Research is needed to determine the feasibility of enriching the environment of penned livestock in general, the goal of which would be, in theory, eliminating undesirable behavior and increasing performance.

Productivity And Farm Animal Welfare, Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

In the search for and debate over objective indices of farm animal welfare, productivity Is regarded by many animal scientists and others in the livestock industry as the most reliable measure of an animal's overall well-being and adaptability. On the surface, this would seem so, as productivity, in terms of growth rate, milk yield, feed conversion, and egg production, can be easily quantified. However, there are flaws in this assumption.

Animals In Film And Television, D. B. Wilkins

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animals are entertaining. Human beings have exploited this undoubted fact for centuries and to the commercial advantage of many people. How we have exploited animals' natural and unnatural behavior has varied. These variations include the straightforward exhibition of an animal in a zoo to the perversity of dogfighting, in which animals are allowed to fight until one or another is killed or badly injured. Entertainment implies both amusement and enjoyment, and it is incredible to realize that even within our so-called advanced Western civilization, there are still people who can gain enjoyment from either directly torturing and killing animals or …

Getting Educated At The Zoo, Nancy Heneson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

In the search for and debate over objective indices of farm animal welfare, productivity Is regarded by many animal scientists and others in the livestock industry as the most reliable measure of an animal's overall well-being and adaptability. On the surface, this would seem so, as productivity, in terms of growth rate, milk yield, feed conversion, and egg production, can be easily quantified. However, there are flaws in this assumption.

News And Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Canadian Report on Humane Trapping.

2. Toxocariasis - a Public Health Concern.

3. Mutilation of Farm Animals.

4. Livestock and the Weather.

5. Disposition of Pets in Wills.

6. Dutch Figures on Animal Experiments.

7. UK Animal Experiment Numbers in 1980.

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

UK Parliamentary Agriculture Committee produces a report on farm animal welfare, and a bill to ban decompression chambers for shelter euthanasia is introduced in Pennsylvania.

An Overview Of Zoo Goals And Exhibition Principles, Randall L. Eaton

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The term recreation is best considered as re-creation or re-juvenation of the individual owing to a certain quality of experience. For many reasons, humans are attracted to nonhuman animals. Yearly, more than 100 million Americans visit zoos, a level surpassing visitation to professional athletic events or participation in fishing. Perhaps the most astonishing thing about human fascination for wildlife in captivity is that it is so rampant despite the poor conditions of most zoos. More than anything, this indicates an overwhelming affection for animal life.

The Role And Responsibility Of Zoos: An Animal Protection Viewpoint, John E. Cooper

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The paper examines zoological collections from the viewpoint of the animal and, in particular, draws attention to areas where welfare considerations should be paramount. The article does not cover the capture and transportation of zoo animals. However, this is obviously of great importance and must be included in overall considerations of the welfare of zoo animals. The author views zoos as providing value in terms of both scientific and educational goals. The welfare of animals in zoos may be compromised by willful cruelty, neglect, or suboptimal management, but it is not always easy to distinguish between them. The author also …

A Response To Dr. Ian Dunbar, Graham Henderson

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Henderson, the Executive Director of the Toronto Humane Society, presents some comments on Dr. Ian Dunbar’s proposed strategy for dog-owner education (IJSAP 2(1):13-15, 1981). He notes that Dunbar dislikes the “irresponsible owner” descriptor, but Henderson argues that the description is appropriate. He notes that the Toronto Humane Society serves as the animal control agent for the city of Toronto, and hence they are regarded as “the law” by city residents. This perception creates a challenging dynamic between society and dog owners, and Henderson doubts that Dubars proposed strategy for dog owner education would be practical in Toronto.

Injuries To Birds Of Prey Caught In Leghold Traps, Katherine Durham

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

One hundred and seventy-three raptors, including 32 Bald Eagles, have been treated for trapping injuries at the University of Minnesota Raptor Research and Rehabilitation Program since 1972. These birds were primarily caught in "open" bait leghold sets incidental to furbearer trapping in the Minnesota region. The differential outcome of the injuries concerning crippling or mortality is presented for large versus small raptors, toe versus leg injuries, and leg fracture versus soft tissue damage only. There is only limited potential for mitigating the effects of trapping injuries.

Equine Behavior Problems In Relation To Humane Management, Katherine A. Houpt

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The behavior problems of horses are frequently related to management practices. Behaviors termed stall vices appear to be either stereotyped behaviors that occur in reaction to stress or patterns that emerge when natural behaviors such as grazing are prevented. The behavior cases presented to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, were tabulated: 27% were stall vices, and 27% were some form of aggression. The stall vices were circling, digging, kicking the stall, chewing wood, swallowing air, or self-mutilation. Management of horses on

pasture rather than in stalls prevents the development of many of these stall vices. …