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Scientific Issues And Regulation Of Primate Use, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Some of the use patterns of nonhuman primates in the USA and Europe are outlined, and a few specific examples of inappropriate and unnecessary use are described. The primate research resources program in the USA is examined, and some suggestions as to how the program could be more responsive to humane and conservation concerns are presented.

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Comparison of French and U.S. Animal Welfare Policies Current UK Legislation on Animals

News And Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Companion Animals - Control of Spraying and· Urine Marking in Cats

2. Laboratory Animals - Baboons Care for Cats

3. Laboratory Animals - Abstract: Animals Indispensable in Research

4. Farm Animals - Abstract: Housing Systems and Animal Welfare Research

5. Farm Animals - Industry Committee on Animal Welfare

6. Farm Animals - BVA Policy on Poultry Welfare

7. Wildlife - Government Report on the 1080 Collar

8. Abstract - Animals and Children

Breeding And Use Of Nonhuman Primates In The Usa, Joe R. Held

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Several species of nonhuman primates, each possessing specific characteristics of particular value, are used by the United States biomedical community in various health-related activities. These animals are man's closest relatives and are indispensable in understanding and controlling human health problems. The destruction of primate habitats and embargoes on the export of primates from source countries have decreased the supply of these animals. The inadequate and erratic supply of these resources threatens the continuation of many ongoing and new activities contributing to improving human health. In the U.S., a program has been developed to meet the health needs of primates:

1) …

A Strategy For Dog-Owner Education, Ian Dunbar

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author comments on the large number of animals being euthanized in shelters and suggests that dog owners undertake an education program before acquiring a dog as a pet. The author acknowledges to difficulties involved in such a change and recommends procedures to address them.

Farm Animal Welfare: Some Economic Considerations, Frances Turner, John Strak

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

There has been increasing public concern in the U.K. and other European countries about some of the intensive methods of livestock production used in modern agriculture. The battery system of egg production, which produces almost all of the eggs consumed in Britain, has aroused particular opposition, but there is also strong feeling about housing systems that effectively immobilize their inhabitants, such as certain types of veal calf and pig rearing units. In a recent test case in West Germany, an egg producer was charged with "continuous cruelty" to his 60,000-strong battery flock. A high court decided it was cruel to …

Meetings And Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Comparison of French and U.S. Animal Welfare Policies
2. Current UK Legislation on Animals

The Psychology Of Euthanizing Animals – The Emotional Components, Charles E. Owens, Ricky Davis, Bill Smith

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The emotional effects of euthanizing unwanted animals on professional animal control personnel are examined using written statements and oral discussions of twenty-six euthanasia technicians at a workshop during a national session

of the Animal Control Academy (Tuscaloosa, AL]. Emotional conflicts arise in significant part from the dilemma that the same public responsible for the problem of unwanted animals also has a markedly negative perception of euthanasia,

and by extension, of those who perform euthanasia. During discussions, the euthanasia technicians revealed various strategies for coping with feelings of isolation, alienation, and sorrow. These included intellectualization, avoidance of unnecessary contact with the …

News And Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Companion Animals - Progress in Sheltering and Control

2. Laboratory Animals - AAALAC Chairman Deplores Lack of Controls on Animal Research

3. Laboratory Animals - Revlon Funds Draize Test Initiative

4, Farm Animals Biotin and Farm Animal Welfare

5. Farm Animals - U.K. Report on Transport and Slaughter

6. Farm Animals - USAHA Wants Welfare Research

7. Wildlife Scoline and Culling Operations

8. Badgers Cowed by MAFF Report

Letter To Editor: Usda And The Dog Breeding Industry, Usda Response, Suzy Brown, Pierre A. Chaloux, Max B. Heppner

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Brown critiques claims regarding improved regulation of the dog breeding industry with a response by Chaloux and Heppner of the USDA,

Meetings And Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A description of a symposium organized by the American Psychology Association on the ethics of animal research is listed.

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Alternative bills re-Introduced; regulation of animal welfare Instead of codes of practice; laboratory rats, mice, and the Research Animal Alliance

The Metaphysics Of Anthropocentrism: A Review Of Paul Ehrenfeld's "The Arrogance Of Humanism" And May Midgley's "Beast And Man", Bernard E. Rollin

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Philosopher Bernard Rollin reviews two books that discuss the place of humans and animals in the moral universe.

Farm Animal Welfare: Some Opinions, Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The subject of farm animal welfare has evoked a wide range of responses from those involved in the livestock industry and those concerned about the humaneness of intensive husbandry farming practices. Books have been published

on the subject (Harrison, 1964; Mason & Singer, 1980; Dawkins, 1980, and Fox, 1980 and 1981), as well as many articles in professional and popular magazines. Three international symposia dealing with animal rights have

been held in the last two years (Lehman, 1980; Miller, 1981; Paterson and Ryder, 1980), and a major European conference dealing with farm animal welfare and involving veterinarians, farmers, animal scientists, …

The Case For Revising Our Laws On Animal Experimentation, David L. Markell

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The current laws regarding experimentation on animals should be dramatically revised. These laws permit virtually unrestricted animal experimentation without regard to the benefits obtained from such experiments

and the consequences of such experiments upon the subject animal. Legislation constituting a two-step jump from the current laws is needed. Laws sanctioning and requiring animal experimentation should be repealed. Laws significantly restricting acceptable experimentation should be enacted. The principle underlying this proposal for change is straightforward: Nonhuman animals, like human animals, have interests in the integrity of their

bodies which deserve legal protection. Only by repealing the present laws and enacting new …

Ethical Concerns In Primate Use And Husbandry, Ardith A. Eudey

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

After World War II, a dramatic increase occurred in the utilization of nonhuman primates in biomedical and psychological research and industry. At the same time, field studies on the ecological and social behavior of natural

populations of primates also increased, making possible more realistic assessments of both the behavioral potentiality of primate populations and their conservation status. Despite the growing body of information indicating the endangered or threatened status of most species, many laboratory workers and planning agencies continue to regard primates as renewable resources, even seeking to bypass protective legislation in habitat countries to obtain them. As a consequence, …

Lab Animal Housing: Numbers Or Common Sense?, Andrew N. Rowan

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The editorial includes comments on the various presentations at an ISAP symposium on laboratory primate husbandry that document the complexity of enriching housing on animal health and well-being.

Letter To Editor: Clever Hans And The Humane Movement, Susan Burns

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The author suggests that attempts to encourage animal communication with humans overlook the sophisticated communication methods employed by animals. A greater appreciation of animal abilities to identify cues communicating human intentions would promote a more expansive recognition of animal rights.

The Politics Of Animal Rights: Making The Human Connection, Jim Mason

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animal Rights is in the air, so much so that the term borders on becoming a buzzword and the cause itself the latest form of radical chic. Although Lewis Gompertz, Henry S. Salt, and others put forth radically different views on attitudes and relations toward other animals more than a century ago, the publication in 1972 of essays by Brigid Brophy, Richard Ryder, and others in the book, Animals, Men and Morals (London: Gollancz, 1971; New York: Taplinger, 1972) and the more famous book, Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer (New York Review, 1975) have sparked another wave of these views …

News And Reviews

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Pink Suits BUAV

2. Acclimatization After Capture

3. Shooting in Italy

4. Improved Replacement for Whale Oil

5. Boon to the Scotty Breed

6. NFU Airs Views on Welfare

7. Oral Rabies Vaccination for Foxes

8. Local Anesthetics for Draize Test

Meetings And Announcements

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Describing the decision process for an NIH conference on alternative methods that ended up being titled “Trends in Bioassay Methodology, In Vivo, In Vitro and Mathematical Approaches” and an outline of the meeting contents. A George Washington University student society organized a second meeting on alternatives and bookended the NIH conference.

Legislation And Regulation

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Law in Sweden

2. Law in India

3. Bills and Resolutions Before the 97th U.S. Congress

The Limits Of Legislation In Achieving Social Change, Theodore S. Meth

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

This paper proceeds from the premise that law is an appropriate, perhaps inevitable, instrument for dealing with ethical issues related to the use of research animals but then addresses the limits of the legislation in promoting change.

Behavior And Weight Loss Of Feeder Calves In A Railcar Modified For Feeding And Watering In Transit, T. H. Friend, M. R. Irwin, A. J. Sharp, B. H. Ashby, G. B. Thompson, W. A. Bailey

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

The behavior of Angus and Hereford calves was studied in a double deck 26m x 2.6m "jumbo" railcar equipped with feed and water. A 4,180-liter water tank positioned in the center of each deck divided the car into four compartments. Fifty heads were loaded into the lower and upper forward compartments (252kg/m² floor space], each containing 675kg of hay in racks. The two rear compartments served as quarters for equipment and researchers. Two video cameras were mounted in the upper forward compartment containing calves. The behavior of the calves was monitored, with portions video-taped during rail transport from Memphis, …

Animal Welfare, Rights And 'Liberation', Michael W. Fox

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A distinction that is more than mere semantics needs to be made between specific philosophical and political trends in the humane movement. The movement's historical basis is founded upon the morality of promoting kindness toward all creatures: reverence for all life. This approach has been strengthened by integrating ecological or eco-ethical principles and the emerging interdisciplinary animal welfare science. Furthermore, the movement has been enriched by the scholarship of moral philosophy, including the limited but valuable concept of animal 'rights.'

A Reply To ''Animal Welfare, Rights And 'Liberation"' By M.W. Fox, Jim Mason

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

A distinction that is more than mere semantics needs to be made between specific philosophical and political trends in the humane movement. The movement's historical basis is founded upon the morality of promoting kindness toward all creatures: reverence for all life. This approach has been strengthened by integrating ecological or eco-ethical principles and the emerging interdisciplinary animal welfare science. Furthermore, the movement has been enriched by the scholarship of moral philosophy, including the limited but valuable concept of animal 'rights.'

Social And Cognitive Capabilities Of Nonhuman Primates: Lessons From The Wild To Captivity, William C. Mcgrew

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

All anthropoid primates in nature lead highly social lives. In infancy and childhood, this is characterized by stability and familiarity for both sexes; in adulthood, either one or the other sex changes groups. The natal group provides a social network of matrilineal kinship. After sexual maturity, incest avoidance and exogamy are the rules. Significant differences exist across species and between the sexes in mating strategies. In most species, males emigrate, but in others, females do so. Male sexual behavior is based on competition between peers; females exercise choice in selecting sexual partners. Normal development of sexual behavior and maternal caretaking …

News And Review

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

1. Farm Animal Welfare Poll in Australia;

2. Effects of Domestication on Cognition;

3. Shrinking Habitat for Britain’s Welfare;

4. To Pea or Nut to Pea;

5. Anesthetics for Draize: Follow-Up;

6. Talking at Cross-Purposes.

7. Workshop on Humane Killing of Whales;

8. RSPCA Pet-owner Responsibility Campaign;

9. The Strange Case of Jensen-Salsbery

Biomedical Research And Animal Welfare: Traditional Viewpoints And Future Directions, Franklin M. Loew

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

It has been twenty years since C.P. Snow first presented the concept of "The Two Cultures,"; referring to the "culture" of scientists and the "culture" of literary intellectuals (mainly writers), Snow said (1969): "constantly I felt I was moving among two groups- comparable in intelligence, identical in race, not grossly different in social origin, earning about

the same incomes, who had almost ceased to communicate at all, who in intellectual, moral and psychological climate had so little in common." In some ways, "Two Cultures" goes far to characterize the current state of affairs surrounding those whose scientific endeavors involve the …

The Politics Of Animal Rights: Making The Human Connection, Jim Mason

International Journal for the Study of Animal Problems

Animal Rights is in the air, so much so that the term borders on becoming a buzzword and the cause itself the latest form of radical chic. Although Lewis Gompertz, Henry S. Salt, and others put forth radically different views on attitudes and

relations toward other animals more than a century ago, the publication in 1972 of essays by Brigid Brophy, Richard Ryder, and others in the book, Animals, Men and Morals (London: Gollancz, 1971; New York: Taplinger, 1972) and the more popular book, Animal Liberation, by Peter Singer (New York Review, 1975) have sparked another wave of these views …