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Articles 1111 - 1140 of 5140
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Can Nonhuman Animals Commit Suicide?, David M. Peña-Guzmán
Can Nonhuman Animals Commit Suicide?, David M. Peña-Guzmán
Animal Sentience
Many people believe that only humans have the cognitive and behavioral capacities needed for suicidal behavior, such as reflexive subjectivity, free will, intentionality, or awareness of death. Three counterarguments — based on (i) negative emotions and psychopathologies among nonhuman animals, (ii) the nature of self-destructive behavior, and (iii) the problem of model fidelity in suicide research — suggest that self-destructive and self-injurious behaviors among human and nonhuman animals vary along a continuum.
Tribute To Jaak Panksepp, Jonathan Balcombe
Why Do People Buy Dogs With Potential Welfare Problems Related To Extreme Conformation And Inherited Disease? A Representative Study Of Danish Owners Of Four Small Dog Breeds, Peter Sandøe, Sara V. Kondrup, Pauleen C. Bennet, Bjørn Forkman, Iben Meyer, Helle Friis Proschowsky, James A. Serpell, Thomas Bøker Lund
Why Do People Buy Dogs With Potential Welfare Problems Related To Extreme Conformation And Inherited Disease? A Representative Study Of Danish Owners Of Four Small Dog Breeds, Peter Sandøe, Sara V. Kondrup, Pauleen C. Bennet, Bjørn Forkman, Iben Meyer, Helle Friis Proschowsky, James A. Serpell, Thomas Bøker Lund
Animal sheltering
A sample of owners of four dog breeds – French Bulldog, Chihuahua, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and Cairn Terrier (as a breed with average health problems) – drawn from the Danish dog registry were asked about their planning to acquire the dog and their understanding of the potential health and behavior issues associated with each.
Surveys Of The Street And Private Dog Population Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, Tamara Kartal, Amit Chaudhari
Surveys Of The Street And Private Dog Population Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, Tamara Kartal, Amit Chaudhari
Demographics and Populations
Humane Society International (HSI) conducted two dog population surveys in all 4 Zones of Jamnagar (human population of 609,613). One was a street dog survey and the other was a survey of the private (pet) dog population. The survey generated an estimated street dog population of 25,768 dogs (42.3 street dogs per 1,000 people; 24.4 street dogs per km). Results from the household survey generated an estimate of the private dog population of 5,472 dogs (9 pet dogs per 1,000 people). Sterilization rates among private dogs and among street dogs were very low. Zones 2 (14.9%) and 4 (14.5%) in …
Survey Of The Private Dog Population Nainital, Uttarakhand India July 2017, Tamara Kartal, Amit Chaudhari
Survey Of The Private Dog Population Nainital, Uttarakhand India July 2017, Tamara Kartal, Amit Chaudhari
Demographics and Populations
Humane Society International (HSI) conducted two dog population surveys in all wards of Nainital (human population of 41,377). One was a street dog survey and the other was a survey of the private (pet) dog population. The survey generated an estimate of the street dog population of 770 dogs (19 street dogs per 1,000 people; 7.0 street dogs per km). Results from the household survey generated an estimate of the private dog population of 2,155 dogs (21.38 % dogs owning households and 0.23 dogs per household). Sterilization rates among private dogs were relatively high. Forty (42.6%) of the 94 dogs …
An Examination Of An Iconic Trap-Neuter-Return Program: The Newburyport, Massachusetts Case Study, Daniel Spehar, Peter Wolf
An Examination Of An Iconic Trap-Neuter-Return Program: The Newburyport, Massachusetts Case Study, Daniel Spehar, Peter Wolf
Management - TNR
The use of trap-neuter-return (TNR) as a humane alternative to the lethal management of free-roaming cats has been on the rise for several decades in the United States; however a relative paucity of data from TNR programs exists. An iconic community-wide TNR effort; initiated in 1992 and renowned for having eliminated hundreds of free-roaming cats from the Newburyport; Massachusetts waterfront; is cited repeatedly; yet few details appear in the literature. Although the presence of feline population data was quite limited; a detailed narrative emerged from an examination of contemporaneous reports; extant TNR program documents; and stakeholder testimony. Available evidence indicates …
Using Free Adoptions To Reduce Crowding And Euthanasia Of Cat Shelters: An Australian Case Study, Heather M. Crawford, Joseph B. Fontaine, Michael C. Calver
Using Free Adoptions To Reduce Crowding And Euthanasia Of Cat Shelters: An Australian Case Study, Heather M. Crawford, Joseph B. Fontaine, Michael C. Calver
Cats - General
Many healthy adult cats are euthanised annually in shelters, and novel approaches are required to reduce euthanasia rates. Waiving adoption fees is one such approach. However, concerns that less responsible owners will be attracted to free events persist among welfare groups. We evaluated evidence for differences in cat fate, health, and adherence to husbandry legislation via a case-study of a free adoption-drive for cats ≥1 year at a Western Australian shelter. Postadoption outcomes were compared between free adopters and a control group of normal-fee adopters. The free adoption-drive rehomed 137 cats, increasing average weekly adoptions by 533%. First-time adopters were …
Equine Welfare During Exercise: An Evaluation Of Breathing Breathlessness And Bridles, David J. Mellor, Ngaio J. Beausoleil
Equine Welfare During Exercise: An Evaluation Of Breathing Breathlessness And Bridles, David J. Mellor, Ngaio J. Beausoleil
General - Animal Welfare
Horses engaged in strenuous exercise display physiological responses that approach the upper functional limits of key organ systems, in particular their cardiorespiratory systems. Maximum athletic performance is therefore vulnerable to factors that diminish these functional capacities,and such impairment might also lead to horses experiencing unpleasant respiratory sensations, i.e., breathlessness. The aim of this review is to use existing literature on equine cardiorespiratory physiology and athletic performance to evaluate the potential for various types of breathlessness to occur in exercising horses. In addition, we investigate the influence of management factors such as rein and bit use and of respiratory pathology on …
Operational Details Of The Five Domains Model And Its Key Applications To The Assessment And Management Of Animal Welfare, David J. Mellor
Operational Details Of The Five Domains Model And Its Key Applications To The Assessment And Management Of Animal Welfare, David J. Mellor
General - Animal Welfare
In accord with contemporary animal welfare science understanding, the Five Domains Model has a significant focus on subjective experiences, known as affects, which collectively contribute to an animal’s overall welfare state. Operationally, the focus of the Model is on the presence or absence of various internal physical/functional states and external circumstances that give rise to welfare-relevant negative and/or positive mental experiences, i.e., affects. The internal states and external circumstances of animals are evaluated systematically by referring to each of the first four domains of the Model, designated “Nutrition”, “Environment”, “Health” and “Behaviour”. Then affects, considered carefully and cautiously to be …
Physiological And Behavioural Evaluation Of Common Anaesthesia Practices In The Rainbow Trout, Kieran C. Pounder, Jennifer L. Mitchell, Jack S. Thomson, Tom G. Pottinger, Lynne U. Sneddon
Physiological And Behavioural Evaluation Of Common Anaesthesia Practices In The Rainbow Trout, Kieran C. Pounder, Jennifer L. Mitchell, Jack S. Thomson, Tom G. Pottinger, Lynne U. Sneddon
Anesthesia and Analgesia Collection
Anaesthetic drugs are commonly administered to fish in aquaculture, research and veterinary contexts. Anaesthesia causes temporary absence of consciousness and may reduce the stress and/or pain associated with handling and certain invasive procedures. The rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a widely-used model species with relevance to both aquaculture and natural ecosystems. This study sought to establish the relative acute impact of commonly used anaesthetics on rainbow trout when used for anaesthesia or euthanasia by exploring their effects on aversion behaviour and stress physiology. Five widely used anaesthetics were investigated at two concentrations reflective of common laboratory practises: MS-222, benzocaine, 2-phenoxyethanol, …
The Roles Of Individuals And Social Networking In A Small Group Of Domestic Horses At Pasture, C. Ricci-Bonot, Marthe Kiley-Worthington
The Roles Of Individuals And Social Networking In A Small Group Of Domestic Horses At Pasture, C. Ricci-Bonot, Marthe Kiley-Worthington
Social Behavior Collection
100 h (500 horse h) of critically assessed observations where analysed from two pastural situations on decision making and social networking in a herd of 5 arab and arab x horses of the Druimghigha Stud, behaviourally studied since 1978. Roles such as decision maker (the oldest mare) or follower (the youngest filly) and the popularity of each individual from whom they chose to be near were analysed. Social netwok analysis indicated the centrality of an individual, cohesive bonds among 3 mares and a sub group of the filly and the gelding. A network closure towards the gelding was also illustrated, …
Thank You For Standing With Us In The Fight For All Animals
Thank You For Standing With Us In The Fight For All Animals
HSUS Annual Reports 2005-18
No abstract provided.
Rescuing And Caring For Animals In Crisis
Rescuing And Caring For Animals In Crisis
HSUS Annual Reports 2005-18
No abstract provided.
From Our Leadership, Kitty Block
Saving Animals From Devastating Storms
Saving Animals From Devastating Storms
HSUS Annual Reports 2005-18
No abstract provided.
Disrupting "Business As Usual"
You're Making A Difference For Animals
You're Making A Difference For Animals
HSUS Annual Reports 2005-18
No abstract provided.
Perception Of Emotional Valence In Horse Whinnies, Elodie Briefer, Roi Mandel, Anne-Laure Maigrot, Sabrina Briefer Freymond, Iris Bachmann, Edna Hillmann
Perception Of Emotional Valence In Horse Whinnies, Elodie Briefer, Roi Mandel, Anne-Laure Maigrot, Sabrina Briefer Freymond, Iris Bachmann, Edna Hillmann
Bioacoustics Collection
Background: Non-human animals often produce different types of vocalisations in negative and positive contexts (i.e. different valence), similar to humans, in which crying is associated with negative emotions and laughter is associated with positive ones. However, some types of vocalisations (e.g. contact calls, human speech) can be produced in both negative and positive contexts, and changes in valence are only accompanied by slight structural differences. Although such acoustically graded signals associated with opposite valence have been highlighted in some species, it is not known if conspecifics discriminate them, and if contagion of emotional valence occurs as a result. We tested …
Animal Ethics And Animal Consciousness, Bernard E. Rollin
Animal Ethics And Animal Consciousness, Bernard E. Rollin
Ethics and Animal Welfare Collection
Commentary on Marino and Allen (2017) The Psychology of Cows
Getting To The Other Side, Debra Merskin
Getting To The Other Side, Debra Merskin
Animal Sentience
Marino’s comprehensive, detailed, and timely review provides clear evidence of the sentience of chickens and strong support for those wishing to challenge their exclusion from even the limited protections currently accorded to animals grown for food.
Sentience Does Not Require “Higher” Cognition, Giorgio Vallortigara
Sentience Does Not Require “Higher” Cognition, Giorgio Vallortigara
Animal Sentience
I agree with Marino (2017a,b) that the cognitive capacities of chickens are likely to be the same as those of many others vertebrates. Also, data collected in the young of this precocial species provide rich information about how much cognition can be pre-wired and predisposed in the brain. However, evidence of advanced cognition — in chickens or any other organism — says little about sentience (i.e., feeling). We do not deny sentience in human beings who, because of cognitive deficits, would be incapable of exhibiting some of the cognitive feats of chickens. Moreover, complex problem solving, such as transitive inference, …
Misperceiving And Underestimating The Ubiquitous Chicken, Carrie P. Freeman
Misperceiving And Underestimating The Ubiquitous Chicken, Carrie P. Freeman
Animal Sentience
Marino has provided an accurate and nuanced view about chickens’ complex capabilities as sentient individuals. I explore the implications of these findings for scholars as well as for activists in the protection of farmed animals.
Scientific Advances And Moral Inertia, Kathie Jenni
Scientific Advances And Moral Inertia, Kathie Jenni
Animal Sentience
Marino shows that chickens are as complex mentally as other birds and mammals. Yet common perceptions of chickens are slow to change in response to the science. Human capacities for willful ignorance, inattention, and avoidance keep us from learning about the animals we harm, and the inertia of habit and tradition keeps us from taking appropriate action in response to what we learn. It’s essential for teachers and activists to find ways to overcome this inattention and inertia.
Is Psychological Science Committing “Suicide” By Linguistic Muddling?, Roger K. Thomas
Is Psychological Science Committing “Suicide” By Linguistic Muddling?, Roger K. Thomas
Animal Sentience
Beginning mainly with the “cognitive revolution” in psychology in the latter half of the 20th century, psychological science has been committing “suicide” slowly via linguistic muddling. Peña-Guzmán’s target article is but one of thousands of cuts contributing to this death by “suicide.” Having said that, given the current state of affairs in animal cognition research, there is much to commend in Peña-Guzmán’s article. I leave that to others, however. This commentary explains how the suicide by muddling of psychological science is happening in general, with the understanding that it applies also to Peña-Guzmán’s target article.
On Assisted Suicide, Clark Glymour
On Assisted Suicide, Clark Glymour
Animal Sentience
What would be the moral implications of the capacity for suicide in nonhuman animals? Humans can be helped to end their lives if they no longer find them bearable. Should captive animals not be given the same possibility?
Self, Death, And Suicide: Does An Animal Know Of These?, Carolyn A. Ristau
Self, Death, And Suicide: Does An Animal Know Of These?, Carolyn A. Ristau
Animal Sentience
Peña-Guzmán makes a strong case, using examples from the media and scientific literature, that many captive animals suffer severely. In examining the possibility of animal suicide, he dismisses the need for “reflective self-subjectivity” and “intent” in suicidal behavior. He claims that at least some animals understand “death,” citing examples of behavior he deems to be death “rituals.” But these can be more simply interpreted. The possibility of animal suicide remains more dubious than Peña-Guzmán suggests.
Changes In Behavior And Emotion Under Chicken Domestication, Martin Johnsson
Changes In Behavior And Emotion Under Chicken Domestication, Martin Johnsson
Animal Sentience
Marino’s target article provides an overview of chickens’ cognition, emotion, and personality, with the aim of changing how people view chickens. In this commentary, I will agree that chickens deserve better than their reputation, but contend with a statement about the lack of behavioral change under chicken domestication.